scholarly journals Impact of Leachate from Northern Landfill Site in Bloemfontein on Water and Soil Quality: Implications for Water and Food Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola O. Ololade ◽  
Sabelo Mavimbela ◽  
Saheed A. Oke ◽  
Rinae Makhadi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Water Security ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water And Food Security

Solid waste management in developing cities is a threat to water and food security. The final disposal option for solid wastes is usually landfill sites. Possible contaminants and their impact on surface and groundwater, and soil quality, at the northern solid waste landfill in Bloemfontein city, South Africa, was investigated. Soil samples were analysed for basic cations and heavy metals. A one-point surface leachate, groundwater, and surface water samples were analysed for physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Hydrochemical speciation models were developed using these parameters to determine the influence of the leachate emanating from the landfill on the quality of the water samples. Findings from the study showed that the low metal content in the soil and water samples posed no immediate threat to food and water security. However, most of the other parameters were above the permissible limit of South African National Standard 241 (SANS241) and World Health Organisation) (WHO for drinking water, a(nd the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) specification for irrigation, an indication that the groundwater was unfit for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes. Metal concentrations in the soil also increased with distance downslope of the landfill along drainage lines. The implementation of a circular economy in Bloemfontein will translate to less pollution and enhance sustainable development.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it been used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease.Objective: The objective of this study to assess the presence of bacteriological and physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia.Methodology: Seven water samples collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample was cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by the total bacterial count method.Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel, and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95, and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean, standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36, and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in the personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools, and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characterization of shallow and deep groundwater in Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi State, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadu Umar Wali ◽  
Kabiru Jega Umar ◽  
Sheikh Danjuma Abubakar ◽  
Ifatokun Paul Ifabiyi ◽  
Ibrahim Mustapha Dankani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Base Exchange ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells < 5 m) and deep groundwater (boreholes > 40 m). Physical parameters (i.e., temperature, TDS, pH, and EC), were determined in situ, using handheld meters. Discrete water samples were obtained for determination of chemical parameters. Results from several-sample ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) suggested that heterogeneity in water table appeared to exert significant influence on groundwater chemistry which is characterized by a significant difference in pH, EC TH, Na+, Zn2+, Mg2+, PO43−, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42−, and NO3− concentrations. Also, ions including Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, PO43−, and SO42− are above World Health Organization (2011) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007) reference guidelines. Most of the groundwater sources are moderately hard. Groundwater classification based on chloride, EC, and TDS revealed water of excellent quality for all types of uses. However, groundwater classification based on nitrate pollution revealed water of poor quality. Rock mineral is the major mechanism controlling water chemistry, as revealed by the Gibbs model. Most of the water sources have positive Scholler index, indicative of overall base exchange reactions in the underlying aquifers. Such condition was well explained by Piper trilinear diagram, which revealed two types of faces: Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–SO4–Cl. The HCA categorized wells into three groups according to their hydrogeochemical physiognomies. Despite the significant difference in ions concentration and chemical indices, groundwater composition is more influenced by rock weathering than anthropogenic inputs. Groundwater evaluation for irrigation use indicates a significant difference in SAR level which is related to poor permeability index in shallow groundwater. Higher values of Kelly’s index and magnesium adsorption ratio threatened groundwater suitability for irrigation use in the study area.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical investigation of the wells water in Bayanzurkh, Ulaanbaatar

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Odontuya G ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Khureldavaa O ◽  
Tsiiregzen A ◽  
Dulamsuren G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
National Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Well Waters ◽  
Microbiological Properties

This study aimed to determine water-rock interactions depending on mineralization and assess to detailed water quality  study of the well waters for drinking purpose in Bayanzurkh district. Totally, 55 well water samples were collected from 7subdistricts of Bayanzurkh district. Determinations of the all sample are performed by water quality parameters such as radiological, physico-chemical and chemical compositions and microbiological properties. The chemical data illustrates that the well waters were neutral to slightly alkaline, and total hardness observed in 46 water samples was soft to softer and 9 water samples was hard to very hard. The hydrochemical data indicates that 53 well waters belong to the HCO3- - Ca2+, Mg2+ type, and others are HCO3-- Mg2+ and SO42--Na+ type of water. The results were compared with National standard (MNS 0900:2018) and with World health organization (WHO, 2017) guidelines for drinking water quality. Among these 25 well waters were overrated by permissible concentration of MNS 0900:2018 and WHO guidelines for the following radiological, chemical compositions and microbiological properties. However, 30 well waters were suitable for drinking water by their permissible value of national standards. According to the Gibbs diagram, all studied well waters were belonging to the rock-water interaction dominance area which was indicated by hydrochemical processes. Баянзүрх дүүргийн гүний худгуудын усны гидрохимийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгаагаар Баянзүрх дүүргийн иргэдийн унд ахуйн хэрэгцээндээ ашиглаж буй гүний худгийн усанд нарийвчилсан судалгааг явуулсаны үндсэн дээр усны чанарыг үнэлэх мөн эрдэсжилтээс хамааруулан ус чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлийг тодорхойлох зорилгоор энэхүү ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Баянзүрх дүүргийн 7 хороонд байрлах унд ахуйн зориулалтаар ашигладаг 55 гүний худгийн усны сорьцонд физик-хими, химийн найрлага, микроэлемент, бичил амь судлал болон цацрагийн аюулгүйн үзүүлэлтүүдийг тодорхойлсон болно. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан гүний худгуудын ус нь саармагаас сул шүлтлэг орчинтой, зөөлнөөс зөөлөвтөр устай 46 худаг, хатуувтараас хатуу устай 9 худаг байгаа ба 53 гүний худаг нь HCO3- - Ca2+, Mg2+-ийн төрлийн, бусад нь  HCO3-- Mg2+  болон SO42--Na+  төрлийн усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Баянзүрх дүүргийн иргэдийн унд ахуйн хэрэгцээндээ ашиглаж буй нийт 55 гүний худгийн ус судалгаанд хамрагдсанаас 25 худгийн ус нь зарим анион, катион болон бичил амь судлал, цацрагийн аюулгүйн үзүүлэлтээрээ Монгол улсад мөрдөгдөж байгаа ундны усны стандарт MNS 0900:2018 болон Дэлхийн Эрүүл Мэндийн байгууллагаас гаргасан улс орнуудын мөрддөг ундны усны стандарт шаардлагыг хангахгүй байна. Харин 30 гүний худгийн ус нь бүх үзүүлэлтээрээ Монгол улсад мөрдөж буй MNS 0900:2018 стандартын шаардлагыг хангаж байна. Ус, чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлийг Гиббсийн диаграмм ашиглан тодорхойлоход худгуудын ус нь чулуулаг давамгайлсан мужид оршиж байгаа нь худгийн усны найрлага тухайн орчны геологийн тогтоц болон чулуулгаас хамаарч байгаа бөгөөд ус, чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлд орж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Баянзүрх дүүрэг, ундны ус, химийн найрлага, гүний худаг, ус, чулуулаг

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it is used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease. Objective: The objective of this study to assess the present of bacteriological and the standard of physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Methodology: Seven water sample collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. The water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample than had cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by total bacterial count method. Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95 and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36 and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination. Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals Characterisation of an artesian groundwater system in the Valle de Iglesia in the Central Andes of Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilka Hinzer ◽  
Manuel Altherr ◽  
Rodolfo Christiansen ◽  
Jürgen Schreuer ◽  
Stefan Wohnlich
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Magmatic Rocks ◽  
Current Limit

AbstractDespite its location in the “Arid Diagonal” of South America, the Valle de Iglesia contains a number of artesian springs, the most important of which are the Baños Pismanta thermal springs, which release water at ~ 45 °C. Despite the scarcity of water resources in the Valle de Iglesia, there have been few attempts to study these springs in any detail. In this study, > 50 springs are described, each characterised by small volcano-like mud structures up to 15 m tall. Hydrogeological and hydrochemical analyses of the groundwater system in the Valle de Iglesia were performed to improve our understanding of the subsurface water flow and of the connections between the subsurface water and the associated systems of faults and springs. Site measurements were made, and the concentrations of the main ions and trace elements were also determined by laboratory analysis of water samples. The samples obtained from the spring were rich in Na–HCO3–SO4 and Na–SO4–HCO3, but the surface water samples from the Agua Negra River were rich in Ca–SO4–HCO3. The temperature of the springs was in the range 20–45 °C. Both the temperatures and the ionic ratios are compatible with the presence of a deep hydraulic circulation system. The oxidation of sulphide minerals nearby the magmatic rocks and volcanic edifices causes the mobilisation of arsenic, which accumulates in the groundwater due to the low annual rainfall. The concentrations of arsenic in the spring water samples were therefore higher than the current limit set by the World Health Organisation, meaning that the water is not suitable for human consumption.

scholarly journals Avaliação Da Qualidade De Solo De Área De Lixão Desativado: Uma Revisão De Literatura

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Thaís Aparecida Costa Da Silva ◽  
Rogério Melloni ◽  
Eliane Guimarães Pereira Melloni ◽  
Poliana Paula Ramos ◽  
Jamil De Morais Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Final Disposal

Os lixões são caracterizados pela simples disposição final de resíduos sólidos sobre o solo sem qualquer medida de controle ambiental, impactando negativamente o meio em função da geração de gases, chorumes e outros subprodutos da degradação do material orgânico e inorgânico. Desde 2010 o Brasil tem buscado a desativação dos lixões. No entanto, o encerramento das atividades dos lixões resulta em áreas que sofreram degradação ambiental e necessitam de recuperação.  O solo é considerado o principal desafio nos projetos de recuperação destas áreas, uma vez que seus atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos são fortemente afetados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever sobre a utilização de indicadores de qualidade do solo, já estabelecida para situações agrícolas, em áreas de lixão desativado. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura baseada em materiais científicos, legislações e documentos sobre gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos publicadas sobre este assunto no período de 2012 a 2018. O emprego de indicadores de qualidade de solo em lixão desativado tem se tornado cada vez mais comum. No entanto, ainda são raros os estudos que combinam o emprego de indicadores físicos, químicos e biológicos na avaliação da condição ambiental destas áreas.  A avaliação de áreas de lixão desativado por meio de um conjunto de indicadores torna-se essencial no processo de estabelecimento de projetos específicos de recuperação destas áreas. Evaluation of the quality of soil from disposal of disposal of land: a literature review A B S T R A C TThe dumps are characterized by simple final disposal of solid waste on the soil without any environmental control measure, impacting negatively the environment in function to the generation of gases, slurries and other by-products of organic and inorganic material degradation. Since 2010 Brazil has sought the disabling of drumps. However, the closure of the activities of the dumps results in areas that have suffered environmental degradation and need recovery. The soil is considered the main challenge in recovery projects in these areas, since their chemical, physical and biological attributes are strongly affected. This study aimed to describe the use of soil quality indicators for the evaluation of environmental condition in the disabled dump area. For this, a literature review was carried out based in scientific materials, legislation and documents about solid waste management published on this subject in the period from 2012 to 2018. The use of soil quality indicators in dump disabled area has become increasingly common. However, studies that combine physical, chemical and biological indicators in the assessment of the environmental condition of these areas are still rare. The assessment of disable dump areas by a set of indicators becomes essential in the process of establishing specific recovery projects in these areas.Keywords: Solid Waste Management, Final Disposal, Soil health.

scholarly journals The health benefits of attaining and strengthening air quality standards in Cape Town

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Keen ◽  
K. Altieri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Standard Limit

The link between pollution and poor health and mortality has been established globally. Developing countries carry most of the burden of ill health from air pollution, and urban centres like the City of Cape Town even more so. Effective air quality management to protect human health relies on the attainment of air quality standards. This study uses the Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP) along with a locally derived exposure-response function and air quality monitor data to investigate whether the consistent attainment of current or more stringent air quality standards would avoid loss of life. The results show that attaining the PM10 24-hour mean South Africa National Standard limit and the PM10 and SO2 24-hour mean World Health Organisation guidelines in Cape Town reduces levels of pollutants and does reduce excess risk of mortality in Cape Town.

Solid waste management practice in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Samson Afolabi ◽  
Hafeez Idowu Agbabiaka ◽  
Abel Omoniyi Afon ◽  
Akinkunle Akintan Akinbinu ◽  
Emmanuel Adetayo Adefisoye
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
Waste Management Practice

Purpose Hospital solid waste may cause serious health hazards and impair the quality of life of the community through transmission of diseases and injury if not properly managed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine solid waste management practice (SWMP) in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected for this study through interview and questionnaire administration. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 60 students, 13 staffs, 43 cleaners, 8 contractors, and a management staff for questionnaire administration. Data obtained were analyzed using frequency distribution, pictorial analysis, and factor analysis. Findings Findings established that solid wastes components generated in the hospital were not segregated in line with the directive of the World Health Organization. The study further established that the factors influencing SWMP accounted for 79.9 percent variance in the following proportion: available storage and collection facilities (30.94 percent), number of patients’ factors (17.86 percent), transportation factor (15.39 percent), human and material resource factors (8.33 percent), and disposal (7.36 percent). Originality/value The study therefore concludes that the effectiveness of SWMPs depends on the facilities and equipment, human resources capacity, and frequency of waste collection and disposal.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it been used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease.Objective: The objective of this study to assess the presence of bacteriological and physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia.Methodology: Seven water samples collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample was cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by the total bacterial count method.Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel, and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95, and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean, standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36, and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in the personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools, and enforcement of standards by the government.

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