scholarly journals Sustaining Cross-Timbers Forest Resources: Current Knowledge and Future Research Needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar Joshi ◽  
Rodney E. Will ◽  
Chris B. Zou ◽  
Gehendra Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Timbers ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
The Cross

The Cross-Timbers region of the United States, situated in the southern Great Plains along the western edge of the eastern deciduous forest, was historically Quercus-dominated open forest interspersed with tallgrass prairie and shrubs communities. The historical structure of the Cross- Timbers forests in this region has been altered, mainly due to fire exclusion, such that the current structure is closed-canopy and includes a midstory of fire-intolerant species. This change has reduced many of the important ecosystem services provided. This paper synthesizes existing literature on the Cross-Timbers with the aim of summarizing the current state of Cross-Timbers management related to sustaining ecosystem services and identifying potential research topics and directions needed. Specifically, we consider the ecological, management, and socio-economic issues. In addition, we theorize how the adoption of active forest management will affect ecosystem services and structure of the Cross-Timbers forests.

Disparities in Health Between Black and White Americans: Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 456-478
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Adrienne M. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Conceptual frameworks for racial/ethnic health disparities are abundant, but many have received insufficient empirical attention. As a result, there are substantial gaps in scientific knowledge and a range of untested hypotheses. Particularly lacking is specificity in behavioral and biological mechanisms for such disparities and their underlying social determinants. Alongside lack of political will and public investment, insufficient clarity in mechanisms has stymied efforts to address racial health disparities. Capitalizing on emergent findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and other longitudinal studies of aging, this chapter evaluates research on health disparities between black and white US adults. Attention is given to candidate behavioral and biological mechanisms as precursors to group differences in morbidity and mortality and to environmental and sociocultural factors that may underlie these mechanisms. Future research topics are discussed, emphasizing those that offer promise with respect to illuminating practical solutions to racial/ethnic health disparities.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Solidago nemoralis Ait.

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry G. Chmielewski ◽  
John C. Semple
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Riparian Habitats

Solidago nemoralis, the gray goldenrod, is a polycarpic hemicryptophyte that reproduces vegetatively from branched caudices. This native North American species is morphologically variable throughout its range, and includes an eastern (ssp. nemoralis) and western (ssp. decemflora) race. The eastern subspecies occurs throughout the eastern deciduous forest region of North America and is commonly diploid, though tetraploids do occur throughout. The western race typically occurs on the prairies and is strictly tetraploid. The species occupies riparian habitats, rock outcrops and open fields and roadsides and grows best in well-drained sandy soils in full sunlight. Although the species is weedy in both Canada and the United States it is not noxious. Key words: Solidago nemoralis, gray goldenrod, verge d'or des bois, Asteraceae, Compositae

scholarly journals Cold Climate Winegrape Cultivar Sensitivity to Sulfur in the Northern Great Plains Region of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
Nagehan D. Köycü ◽  
John E. Stenger ◽  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The North

Elemental sulfur is commonly applied for powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) protection on winegrape (Vitis sp.). The product may be used in a diversified, integrated disease management system to help prevent fungicide resistance to products with other modes of action. Additionally, sulfur may be used as a control option in organic systems. Applications of sulfur have been known to cause phytotoxic injury to susceptible winegrape cultivars, particularly those stemming from fox grape (Vitis labrusca) parentage. To improve recommendations to producers in the northern Great Plains region of the United States, a comparison of injury incidence and severity, as well as effects on yield characteristics was undertaken for 13 regional cultivars exposed to three sulfur rates (0, 2.4, and 4.8 lb/acre a.i.) at a North Dakota State University Research Station near Absaraka, ND. Overall, four cultivars (Bluebell, Baltica, Sabrevois, and King of the North) of the 13 cultivars tested showed phytotoxic symptoms. Injury severity and incidence of these cultivars differed between years and across rates. ‘Bluebell’ showed consistent and severe sulfur injury symptoms. Injury to the other three susceptible cultivars tended to vary by the given environment, with King of the North generally showing the lowest injury response. Injury symptoms were not found to be associated with the overall yield or cluster weight. Results suggest that alternative spray programs that exclude sulfur-based fungicides should be recommended for ‘Bluebell’, ‘Baltica’, ‘Sabrevois’, and ‘King of the North’, whereas sulfur-based fungicides may be applied to ‘Alpenglow’, ‘ES 12-6-18’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Frontenac Gris’, ‘La Crescent’, ‘Marquette’, ‘Somerset Seedless’, ‘St. Croix’, and ‘Valiant’. Observations on fruit ripening in 2014 suggest that future research is needed to determine if a reduction of fruit quality may occur in some seasons with repeated sulfur applications or with successive annual sulfur applications for susceptible cultivars if used in an organic production system.

scholarly journals Aging and Disability Among Hispanics in the United States: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A Garcia ◽  
Brian Downer ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
Kyriakos S Markides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Population

Abstract Background and Objectives Hispanics are the most rapidly aging minority population in the United States. Our objective is to provide a summary of current knowledge regarding disability among Hispanics, and to propose an agenda for future research. Research Design and Methods A literature review was conducted to identify major areas of research. A life course perspective and the Hispanic Paradox were used as frameworks for the literature review and for identifying future areas of research. Results Four research areas were identified: (1) Ethnic disparities in disability; (2) Heterogeneity of the U.S. older Hispanic population; (3) Risk factors for disability; and (4) Disabled life expectancy. Older Hispanics are more likely than non-Hispanic whites to be disabled or to become disabled. Disability varied by country of origin, nativity, age of migration, and duration in the United States. Important risk factors for disability included chronic health conditions, depression, and cognitive impairment. Protective factors included positive affect and physical activity. Older Hispanics have longer life expectancy than non-Hispanic whites but spend a greater proportion of old age disabled. Future research should continue to monitor trends in disability as younger generations of Hispanics reach old age. Attention needs to be given to regional variation within the United States for disability prevalence, early-life risk factors, and factors that may contribute to variation in disabled life expectancy. There is also an urgent need for interventions that can effectively prevent or delay the onset of disability in older Hispanics. Discussion and Implications Considerable research has examined disability among older Hispanics, but continued research is needed. It is important that research findings be used to inform public policies that can address the burden of disability for older Hispanic populations.

scholarly journals Research on ecosystem services in Brazil: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilia Maria Parron ◽  
Elaine Cristina Cardoso Fidalgo ◽  
Alessandra Polli Luz ◽  
Monica Matoso Campanha ◽  
Ana Paula Dias Turetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Graduate Courses ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Hydrological Services

Studies using the ‘ecosystem services’ (ES) approach developed in Brazil based on the framework of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), and range from quantitative and qualitative evaluation to the development of economic instruments for payment for ecosystem services (PES) or compensation for their maintenance, mainly for hydrological services. In order to summarize current knowledge regarding ES, the structure for teaching in ES, and also to provide a basis for future research in Brazil, we carried out a systematic review of publications on ES and a study on the availability of undergraduate and graduate courses related to ES. We found 282 publications for the 2006-2017 period, which included peer-reviewed articles, books, book chapters, theses, dissertations, articles in annals and technical publications. We identified current knowledge, knowledge gaps and trends in ES researches that may guide surveys and scenario analyses for future studies, in different biomes and regions of the country. Atlantic Forest and Amazon are the most-studied biome. Most of the studies were related to the evaluation of different types of ES and to the development of methodologies for their evaluation and monitoring.  The most common ES are related to biodiversity, carbon sequestration and water.

scholarly journals Arthropods of Canadian grasslands: a retrospective of a 40-year project of the Biological Survey of Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Floate ◽  
J.D. Shorthouse ◽  
D.J. Giberson ◽  
H.A. Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Monograph Series ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Grassland Habitats

AbstractThe Biological Survey of Canada initiated a project in 1979 to collect and synthesise information on the native arthropod fauna of the vanishing grassland habitats of Canada. At that time, it was thought that the Canadian arthropod fauna might comprise about 66 000 species. Recent studies suggest that the fauna may exceed 100 000 species, of which >25% may occur in the Prairies Ecozone. Results of this near 40-year project have been published in four volumes of the Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands monograph series of the Biological Survey of Canada. Here, the editors of this series review the grasslands project of the Biological Survey of Canada, summarise the contents of the volumes, and discuss current knowledge on the diversity of the grasslands arthropods of Canada. Whereas information on the species richness of some groups in the Prairies Ecozone is largely complete, information on the diversity of many other groups remains sparse. Reviewing the steps between initiation and publication of the Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands series may aid development of similar projects elsewhere. Identifying knowledge gaps will direct future research efforts. Identifying the diversity of grassland arthropods, their distribution and abundance, and the ecosystem services that they provide will facilitate efforts to conserve the remaining grassland habitats in Canada.

The cytotaxonomy of Solidago nemoralis (Compositae: Astereae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Brammall ◽  
John C. Semple
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Cytotype Distribution

Chromosome number determinations were made from 218 populations of Solidago nemoralis collected throughout the range of the species in Canada and the United States. All individuals of ssp. decemflora were tetraploid (2n = 36; 28 populations); these came from the prairies and adjacent eastern deciduous forest states and provinces. The majority of the collections of ssp. nemoralis were diploid (2n = 18; 161 populations) and came from throughout the eastern deciduous forest region of eastern North America. Tetraploids (2n = 36; 29 populations) of ssp. nemoralis were less frequent and occurred scattered across the eastern and northern portions of the range of the subspecies. The cytotype distribution pattern of the two subspecies of Solidago nemoralis is representative of what appears to be a frequent evolutionary strategy in the goldenrods.

scholarly journals Urban Ecosystem Services: Current Knowledge, Gaps, and Future Research

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Alessio Russo ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Urban Ecosystem Services ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
Ecosystem Conservation

The term ecosystem services was coined to describe the societal benefit that natural ecosystems provide, as well as to raise awareness about biodiversity and ecosystem conservation [...]

scholarly journals Up in the Air? Future Research Strategies to Assess Aerosols in Dentistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442098250
Author(s):  
M.L. Geisinger ◽  
E. Iaonnidou
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Control And Prevention

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused major disruption in global health care delivery. In March 2020, based upon guidance from the American Dental Association and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, dental procedures in the United States were limited to emergent and urgent care. Establishment of an airborne route of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has highlighted the potential risks associated with aerosol-generating dental procedures (AGDPs) during the provision of dental care. It has also served to open the door on novel research avenues that could have a meaningful downstream effect on the practice of dentistry and could enhance current infection control and prevention practices. This commentary seeks to identify gaps in our current knowledge regarding airborne disease transmission in dental practice and to draw attention to potential research questions regarding dental aerosols and their potential to cause disease. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Recent reports on the airborne transmission of respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, have highlighted a need for investigation of dental aerosols and their infectious potential.

scholarly journals Odonata species diversity, distributions, and status in a rare sand prairie-savanna wetscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Jason T. Bried
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Eastern Deciduous Forest ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Successional Vegetation

Inland sand areas scattered across the North American eastern deciduous forest and western tallgrass prairie ecotone are known for supporting pyrogenic early-successional vegetation and specially adapted terrestrial faunas. Many of these globally and regionally rare systems contain functionally connected wetland networks (“wetscapes”) potentially important for aquatic insects. Sampling adults, nymphs, and exuviae in a remnant sand prairie-savanna wetscape in Illinois, USA, I assessed odonate species diversity (alpha, gamma, beta), distributions (spatial, temporal, abundance), and rarity status. In one field season (12 sites, 12 visits) I found more than a third of Illinois odonate species and close to half of the state’s lentic breeding odonates, including a new state record (Erythemis vesiculosa). Richness averaged 25.8 species per site, reducing to 12.4 species with removal of nonbreeding occurrences. Three sites including a shrub swamp, beaver pond, and forested vernal depressions complex made significant contributions to beta diversity, dependent on general versus breeding occurrences. Majorities of Anisoptera species (70%) and Zygoptera species (53%) bred at three or fewer sites. Eight species flew during all or most of the study period (late May to early October) whereas 14 species were detected on a si ngle survey. Status classification derived from the observed spatial, temporal, and abundance distributions resulted in 24 common or very common species, 20 uncommon or rare species, and 10 vagrants across the wetscape. These context-specific classifications may be combined with diversity and breeding patterns and other information in wetscape prioritization schemes.

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