scholarly journals An Extensive Investigation of an Eco-Approach Controller under a Partially Connected and Automated Vehicle Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifu Jiang ◽  
Jia Hu ◽  
Byungkyu Brian Park ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extensive Test ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness ◽  
Gating Effect ◽  
High Congestion

This study evaluated the performance of an eco-approach control system at signalized intersections under a partially connected and automated vehicle (CAV) environment. This system has the first eco-approach controller able to function with the existence of surrounding human-driven traffic. A previous evaluation only confirmed its benefits. The purpose of this study was to conduct a further extensive test on the controller to identify room for improvement. Two different networks were tested, including an isolated signalized intersection and a corridor with two signalized intersections. The measures of effectiveness (MOEs) adopted were throughput and fuel consumption. All the before-and-after MOEs were compared using t-tests. The results indicate that the controller generally improved the fuel efficiency without harm to the mobility, and its environmental performance was affected by the minimum CAV speed, green ratio, congestion level, and marker penetration rate of CAVs. A detailed investigation revealed that no significant environmental benefit was generated under high congestion levels when the minimum speed of CAVs was more than 20 mph, and the shockwaves caused by the eco-approach control may result in a gating effect that reduces the throughput at the upstream intersection of the corridor under high congestion levels.

Improving Cost and Fuel Efficiency of Short Sea Ro-Ro Vessels through More Slender Designs - A Feasibility Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Lindstad ◽  
Hans Jørgen Mørch ◽  
Inge Sandass
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Hull Forms ◽  
Political Objective

Despite the political objective of decreasing road transport and transfer cargo to road and sea, short sea shipping is struggling. There is therefore a need for development of new short sea Ro-Ro vessels which use significantly less fuel per ton transported which can be built at a modest cost. This feasibility study has: First mapped the main characteristics of the current fleet, i.e. dimensions, capacities, installed power and designs speeds; Second investigated alternative combinations of main measurements to enable more slender hull forms which require less power and hence give fuel consumption and fuel cost per transported unit; Third, performed a case study to compare the economic and environmental performance of these slenderer designs, with traditional designs and road only solutions. This study shows the advantage of investigating a large number of alternative dimensions and capacities to identify the designs which reduces cost and fuel consumption. And that the best option is to design and build more slender vessels.

scholarly journals Dynamic Eco-Driving Speed Guidance at Signalized Intersections: Multivehicle Driving Simulator Based Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Cong Yan ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Shenyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Dynamic Programming Approach ◽  
Driving Speed

Variations in vehicle fuel consumption and gas emissions are usually associated with changes in cruise speed and the aggressiveness of drivers’ acceleration/deceleration, especially at traffic signals. In an attempt to enhance vehicle fuel efficiency on arterials, this study developed a dynamic eco-driving speed guidance strategy (DESGS) using real-time signal timing and vehicle positioning information in a connected vehicle (CV) environment. DESGS mainly aims to optimize the fuel/emission speed profiles for vehicles approaching signalized intersections. An optimization-based rolling horizon and a dynamic programming approach were proposed to track the optimal guided velocity for individual vehicles along the travel segment. In addition, a vehicle specific power (VSP) based approach was integrated into DESGS to estimate the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the overall strategy, 15 experienced drivers were recruited to participate in interactive speed guidance experiments using multivehicle driving simulators. It was found that compared to vehicles without speed guidance, those with DESGS had a significantly reduced number of stops and approximately 25% less fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

Comparing Energy and Other Measures of Environmental Performance in the Original Manufacturing and Remanufacturing of Engine Components

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Adler ◽  
P. A. Ludewig ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Engine Components ◽  
Original Component ◽  
Made In

The remanufacturing industry is rapidly becoming a source of economic growth and environmental benefit. In the past, researchers have presented cost and energy savings due to remanufacturing a variety of products, largely based on the results of industry-wide surveys. However, little or no effort has focused on the life cycle assessment of remanufacturing. In fact, no study has performed a life cycle assessment of engine components, comparing the original component manufacture with remanufactured components. In this paper, a comparison of the original manufacture and remanufacture of components from a typical Caterpillar diesel engine is described. The “gate-to-gate” analysis considers components that represent a majority of the engine assembly by weight. The comparison is made in two measures of environmental performance: energy and material usage.

scholarly journals Improving The Environmental Performance of The Building Through Biomimicry – Appling study on economic housing in Nasser city, west of Asyut – Egypt –: تحسين الأداء البيئي للمبنى من خلال محاكاة الطبيعة – دراسة تطبيقية على الإسكان الاجتماعي بمدينة ناصر غرب أسيوط – مصر –

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Medhat Ibrahim Mahmoud Gouda, Asmaa Nasr Elden Elbadra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Thermal Loads ◽  
Environmental Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Thermal Transfer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The City

Despite the development taking place in architecture to the present day, this development had its advantages and disadvantages; With this development, interest in achieving Financial profit to the extent that neglected the humanitarian aspects of the users in spaces, especially climatic aspects, so that the modern buildings represent a thermal burden on the user; Therefore one of the most important challenges facing the designer is how to create an internal environment that achieves thermal comfort for users as well as reduce energy consumption; Therefore, the study aims to reach an environmental strategy to improve the environmental performance of buildings, especially in hot regions, by simulating biological systems to adapt to the environment in plants that live in hot regions and transform them into strategies and environmental elements that contribute to reducing thermal loads within building spaces ;This comes through applying the direct biomimicry method of nature on the cactus plant, which grows in desert areas and can achieve a balance between natural light and heat to increase water storage in addition to its ability to self-shading and self-ventilating, thereby reducing the effect of heat from solar radiation; A model for economic housing has been chosen, the city is "Nasser" in the western of Asyut region, one of the fourth generation cities, and the first in Upper Egypt, as it represents an explicit model for the hot desert environment that needs special treatments to make sustainable buildings that can be compatible with its surrounding environment, By comparing the results of the study to the values of the thermal transfer coefficient of the walls and ceilings in the building before and after the natural simulation process, we find that it decreased by a large percentage, reaching 88% in the walls and 64% in the ceilings, and these ratios help in reducing the rate of thermal loads, which have a role in improving the environmental performance of the building Therefore, the study recommends the necessity of applying nature simulation approaches and making use of methods of dealing with them in order to solve environmental problems in an innovative way.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT IN SIX DETACHED HOUSES BEFORE AND AFTER THERMAL INSULATION RETROFIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (743) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi HASEGAWA ◽  
Shin-ichi MATSUMOTO ◽  
Hayato HOSOBUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Decreasing the Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions of Excavator-Based Harvesters with a Machine Control System

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Angelo de Arruda Moura
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Random Variability ◽  
Machine Control

Compared with purpose-built units, excavator-based harvesters offer many advantages, but they also face one main limitation: a much higher fuel consumption, which also results in higher CO2 emission levels. The fuel efficiency of excavator-based harvesters can be increased by a better interface between the excavator and the harvester head. This study aimed to determine the performance of a new adaptation kit, specifically designed to improve the communication between these two components. The new kit offers real-time adjustment between the power demand of the harvester head and the power output of the excavator, which should help reducing fuel consumption while stabilizing hydraulic fluid temperature. The test was conducted on 53 excavator-based harvesters purchased and managed by a large Brazilian company. Time use, fuel consumption and production were monitored continuously for one full month, before and after installation of the kit. Overall, the study covered 40,000 h of work, during which the harvesters cut, processed, and debarked 4.5 million trees, or 650,000 m3 of wood, under bark. Fuel consumption amounted to 900,000 liters. After installing the adaptation kit, productivity increased 6%, while fuel consumption per hour decreased 3.5%. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions per product unit decreased 10%, as an average. The effect of random variability typical of an observational study prevented formulating an accurate figure for the amount of fuel that can be saved by installing the adaptation kit. Yet, one may confidently state that, in most cases, installing the kit results in a reduction of fuel use, and that such reduction is most often in the range from −10 to −20% on a per m3 basis.

NETSIM-Based Approach to Evaluation of Bus Preemption Strategies

1996 ◽  
Vol 1554 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehamay Khasnabis ◽  
Rajashekar R. Karnati ◽  
Rama K. Rudraraju
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Measures Of Effectiveness

Preemption techniques are designed to provide preferential treatment to buses at signalized intersections. Uncertainties resulting from variations in passenger boardings and unboardings at bus stops make the prediction of the exact arrival times of buses at intersections extremely difficult. A preemption strategy, if properly designed, can provide continuous green phases to buses at successive intersections. It is unfortunate that a validated technique that can be used to assess the possible consequences of signal preemption is not available. The authors present the application of a simulation model, NETSIM, to make such an assessment. NETSIM was selected because of its ability to microscopically simulate vehicular movements on a street network and its ability to track an individual vehicle from the source to the sink by the use of an animation feature. A major bus route in Ann Arbor, Michigan, was used as the experimental site. The major conclusions are that NETSIM, when properly validated, can generate delay and queue-related measures of effectiveness that are compatible with field data and that the animation feature of NETSIM can be used to assess the operational consequences of bus preemption on a series of intersections on a bus route. For the volume levels studied in the project, savings in delay along the bus route resulting from preemption exceed the increases in delay along the cross street. Further research is needed to determine whether the net savings in delay, when balanced against the costs of installing and maintaining the system and the inconvenience to motorists along the cross street, make the system worthwhile.

Leading Pedestrian Intervals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2620 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
Edward Smaglik ◽  
Sirisha Kothuri ◽  
Oliver Smith ◽  
Peter Koonce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Benefit Cost

To improve the safety of people walking at particular signalized intersections, traffic signal engineers may implement leading pedestrian intervals (LPIs) to provide pedestrians with a walk signal for a few seconds before the parallel vehicular green indication. Previous before-and-after studies and simple economic analyses have indicated that LPIs are low-cost tools that can reduce vehicle–pedestrian conflicts and crashes at some signalized intersections. Despite this evidence, municipalities have little guidance for when to implement LPIs. A marginal benefit–cost framework is developed with quantitative metrics and extends the concept of traffic conflicts and marginal safety–delay trade-offs to analyze the appropriateness of implementing an LPI at specific signalized intersections. The method provides guidance to help quantify the probability of a conflict occurring and direction on whether to implement an LPI at a given location from macroscopic-level inputs, including number of turning movements, crash data, and geometry. A case study with sample data indicated that an LPI was cost-effective for the scenario presented.

Environmental Benefits of Elementary School’s Renovation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Karel Struhala ◽  
Petr Jelínek ◽  
Zuzana Stránská ◽  
Jiří Sedlák
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Cumulative Energy Demand ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Design Office ◽  
Before And After

This paper shows partial results of IEA ECBCS Annex 56 which deals with energy-, economically-and environmentally-efficient renovations of buildings. It describes one of the assessed case studies - renovation of elementary school Kamínky 5 in Brno-Nový Lískovec, Czech Republic into low-energy standard. The school was built in 1959 and renovated in 2009 and 2010. The renovation significantly reduced energy consumption of the school. The energy consumption (heat, electricity) as well as environmental performance (represented by CO2 emissions, non-renewable and cumulative energy demand) of the school, both before and after the renovation, is described in detail in the paper. Data about the energy consumption are based on audits and financial reports that has been provided by the Borough Office Brno – Nový Lískovec. Data for the environmental assessment are taken from renovation‘s designs (provided by design office Menhir project s. r. o.) and in-situ inspection.

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