scholarly journals Impact of Climate Extremes on Suitability Dynamics for Japanese Scallop Aquaculture in Shandong, China and Funka Bay, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yongjun Tian ◽  
Sei-Ichi Saitoh ◽  
Irene D. Alabia ◽  
Kan-Ichiro Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Japanese Scallop ◽  
Funka Bay ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Suitable Area

The assessment of extreme weather events on suitable sites for aquaculture could help in establishing sustainable coastal environmental resource management. Japanese scallop culture is an economically important marine farming activity in the coastal communities of Shandong, China and Funka Bay, Japan. In this study, we improved the suitable aquaculture site-selection model (SASSM) by using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data instead of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, as a complementary source for higher temporal and spatial resolution data that are useful for monitoring fine-scale coastal and oceanic processes. We also applied the newly developed SASSM to the Japanese scallop production site along the Shandong coast. Finally, we analyzed the correlations between environmental factors (chlorophyll a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and total suspended sediment), meteorological factors (precipitation, temperature, and wind), and climatic events (winter East Asian monsoon (EAM) and El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation), and the impacts of climate events on suitable zones for scallop aquaculture. The new SASSM maps show that GOCI products have the potential for oceanographic investigations in Shandong, China and Funka Bay, Japan. Our results highlighted higher aquaculture site suitability for scallop in Funka Bay than in Shandong coast. During the winter with a strong EAM (2011), the suitable area for Japanese scallop aquaculture increased. Conversely, in the winter during a strong El Niño (2016), we found fewer areas that were highly suitable for scallop aquaculture in Funka Bay. SST was extremely low in Funka Bay during spring and summer 2017, which caused fewer highly suitable areas (scores of 7 and 8) for scallop aquaculture relative to other years. These findings suggest that extreme climatic events significantly impact the availability of suitable sites for marine farming and thus, should be considered in the development and design of coastal aquaculture sites.

Summary

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley A. Changnon ◽  
Roger A., Jr. Pielke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Decision Makers

Much has been said about El Niño 97-98, some of it profound and some not. Several of the key findings from this assessment are reflected in an excellent short summary published by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in January 1999. . . . The 1997/1998 El Niño was probably the strongest in recorded history; it disrupted the lives of millions of people on all the Earth’s inhabited continents. Not all climate extremes and severe weather events of the period, however, can be directly attributed to the El Niño event. Further, not all its impacts were negative, and some regions that were expected to suffer were not seriously affected. (Obasi, 1999) . . . As the WMO found on a global scale, we have documented the profound impacts of El Niño 97-98 in the United States. But, perhaps contrary to conventional wisdom, the impacts in the United States were, in the aggregate, positive. Because El Niño shifted the geographical distribution of seasonal anomalies and because scientists were able to anticipate these shifts, many decision makers were able to profit from the early warnings to take compensatory actions. The accuracy of the predictions, and the successful use by decision makers of those predictions, offers the promise of the development of a more robust climate service in the United States. The remainder of this chapter summarizes the surprises, the lessons learned, and the legacy of El Niño 97-98. Once the rapid onset of El Niño conditions was detected late in the spring of 1997, forecasters successfully predicted the event’s strength and duration. The oceanic predictions reinforced the ensuing seasonal climate forecasts. The official seasonal outlooks issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the summer of 1997 skillfully predicted the fall, winter, and early spring 1997-1998 conditions in many parts of the United States many months in advance. The seasonal forecasts had an accuracy of greater than 50 percent for temperatures and of between 30 percent and 50 percent for precipitation, the highest levels of accuracy ever attained, a reflection of the benefits of the considerable research and ocean-monitoring efforts directed at the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the past twenty years.

scholarly journals El Niño−Southern Oscillation frequency cascade

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (44) ◽  
pp. 13490-13495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte F. Stuecker ◽  
Fei-Fei Jin ◽  
Axel Timmermann
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Tight Coupling

The El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, the most pronounced feature of internally generated climate variability, occurs on interannual timescales and impacts the global climate system through an interaction with the annual cycle. The tight coupling between ENSO and the annual cycle is particularly pronounced over the tropical Western Pacific. Here we show that this nonlinear interaction results in a frequency cascade in the atmospheric circulation, which is characterized by deterministic high-frequency variability on near-annual and subannual timescales. Through climate model experiments and observational analysis, it is documented that a substantial fraction of the anomalous Northwest Pacific anticyclone variability, which is the main atmospheric link between ENSO and the East Asian Monsoon system, can be explained by these interactions and is thus deterministic and potentially predictable.

scholarly journals Effects of ENSO on Temperature, Precipitation, and Potential Evapotranspiration of North India’s Monsoon: An Analysis of Trend and Entropy

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Ali Tamaddun ◽  
Ajay Kalra ◽  
Miguel Bernardez ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
And Shifts

The influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the north Indian temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) change patterns were evaluated during the monsoon season across the last century. Trends and shifts in 146 districts were assessed using nonparametric statistical tests. To quantify their temporal variation, the concept of apportionment entropy was applied to both the annual and seasonal scales. Results suggest that the El Niño years played a greater role in causing hydro-climatological changes compared to the La Niña or neutral years. El Niño was more influential in causing shifts compared to trends. For certain districts, a phase change in ENSO reversed the trend/shift direction. The century-wide analysis suggested that the vast majority of the districts experienced significant decreasing trends/shifts in temperature and PET. However, precipitation experienced both increasing and decreasing trends/shifts based on the location of the districts. Entropy results suggested a lower apportionment of precipitation compared to the other variables, indicating an intermittent deviation of precipitation pattern from the generic trend. The findings may help understand the effects of ENSO on the hydro-climatological variables during the monsoon season. Practitioners may find the results useful as monsoon is the most important season for India causing climate extremes.

Climate Variability and Trends in Bolivia

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Seiler ◽  
Ronald W. A. Hutjes ◽  
Pavel Kabat
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Antarctic Oscillation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Variable Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClimate-related disasters in Bolivia are frequent, severe, and manifold and affect large parts of the population, economy, and ecosystems. Potentially amplified through climate change, natural hazards are of growing concern. To better understand these events, homogenized daily observations of temperature (29 stations) and precipitation (68 stations) from 1960 to 2009 were analyzed in this study. The impact of the positive (+) and negative (−) phases of the three climate modes (i) Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), (ii) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) events, and (iii) Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) were assessed. Temperatures were found to be higher during PDO(+), EN, and AAO(+) in the Andes. Total amounts of rainfall, as well as the number of extreme events, were higher during PDO(+), EN, and LN in the lowlands. During austral summer [December–February (DJF)], EN led to drier conditions in the Andes with more variable precipitation. Temperatures increased at a rate of 0.1°C per decade, with stronger increases in the Andes and in the dry season. Rainfall totals increased from 1965 to 1984 [12% in DJF and 18% in June–August (JJA)] and decreased afterward (−4% in DJF and −10% in JJA), following roughly the pattern of PDO. Trends of climate extremes generally corresponded to trends of climate means. Findings suggest that Bolivia’s climate will be warmer and drier than average in the near-term future. Having entered PDO(−) in 2007, droughts and LN-related floods can be expected in the lowlands, while increasing temperatures suggest higher risks of drought in the Andes.

scholarly journals The Impacts of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Agriculture and Coping Strategies in Rural Communities of Ethiopia: Systematic Review Article

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Ginjo Gitima ◽  
Mengiste Mersha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Weather Events

The principal cause of drought in Ethiopia is asserted to be the fluctuation of the global atmospheric circulation, which is triggered by Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA), occurring due to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. It can make extreme weather events more likely in certain regions in Ethiopia. ENSO episodes and events, and related weather events have an impact on seasonal rainfall distribution and rainfall variability over Ethiopia. Thus, the main aim of this review was to identify and organize the major impacts of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on agriculture and adaptation strategies of rural communities in Ethiopia. Most of the rural communities in the country depend on rain-fed agriculture, and millions of Ethiopians have lost their source of food, water, and livelihoods due to drought triggered by ENSO. The coping strategies against ENSO induced climate change are creating a collective risk analysis, and Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) at the national level. In addition, community-based coping strategies for ENSO are integrated with watershed management, livelihood diversification and land rehabilitation to better cope with erratic rainfall and drought risks in the country.

scholarly journals Climate change alters impacts of extreme climate events on a tropical perennial tree crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Creedy ◽  
Rebecca A. Asare ◽  
Alexandra C. Morel ◽  
Mark Hirons ◽  
Yadvinder Malhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract Anthropogenic climate change causes more frequent and intense fluctuations in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Understanding the effects of ENSO on agricultural systems is crucial for predicting and ameliorating impacts on lives and livelihoods, particularly in perennial tree crops, which may show both instantaneous and delayed responses. Using cocoa production in Ghana as a model system, here we show that in recent times, El Niño years experience reductions in cocoa production followed by several years of increased production, a significantly different pattern than prior to the 1980s. ENSO phase affects the climate in Ghana, and over the same time period, we see concomitant significant shifts in the climatic conditions resulting from ENSO extremes, with increasing temperature and water stress. Our results illustrate the big data analyses necessary to improve understanding of perennial crop responses to climate change in general, and climate extremes in particular.

Relationship between spat density, food availability, and growth of spawners in cultured Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Funka Bay: concurrence with El Niño Southern Oscillation

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Baba ◽  
Rieko Sugawara ◽  
Hisashi Nitta ◽  
Kiyoshi Endou ◽  
Akira Miyazono
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Mizuhopecten Yessoensis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Funka Bay ◽  
Adductor Muscles

To elucidate the factors that influence the interannual variation in the density of cultured Japanese scallop ( Mizuhopecten yessoensis ) spat, we analyzed the relationship between spat density (Ds), monthly chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, water temperature, and adductor muscle weight of spawners over 15 years (1992–2006) in Funka Bay (Japan) on the western North Pacific Ocean. The interannual variation of spat density was best explained by a campaniform model that used chl a concentration in February ([chl]Feb) and a categorical variable that indicates whether growth of spawners in a year is low or not as independent variables (R2 = 0.91). The gonadosomatic index increased fastest in February. Low growth years were detected as outliers in the Ds – [chl]Feb relationship and were characterized by an average weight of adductor muscles in February of <12 g. Therefore, food availability during gonadal development and growth conditions of spawners were the main factors determining spat density. The proportion of ovary necrosis was high in the years of low [chl]Feb and low growth. Those years corresponded with El Niño and La Niña years, respectively. Thus, global climatic anomalies apparently affect reproduction of the scallop in Funka Bay.

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