scholarly journals Analysis of Inter-Relationships between Urban Decline and Urban Sprawl in City-Regions of South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Uijeong Hwang ◽  
Myungje Woo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Urban Decline ◽  
The Core ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Employment Decline

This paper identifies inter-relationships between the urban decline in core areas and urban sprawl in hinterlands using 50 city-regions of South Korea. We measured decline- and sprawl-related indicators and estimated a simultaneous equations model using Three-Stage Least Squares. The results show that population decline and employment decline have a different relationship with urban sprawl. While population decline has a negative impact on the urban sprawl in the density aspect, employment decline worsens the urban sprawl in the morphological aspect. Another result suggests that the difference is related to declining patterns of population and employment. Cities that are experiencing population decline in the core area are likely to lose population in their hinterlands as well. On the other hand, the employment decline in the core area shows a positive correlation with employment growth in hinterlands. The results imply that suburbanization of jobs and the inefficient land use exacerbate the urban sprawl in the morphological aspect. Thus, local governments should pay attention to migration patterns of employment and make multi-jurisdictional efforts. Furthermore, growth management and urban regeneration policies should go hand in hand to tackle this issue.

Diagnosing and Debunking Korean Pseudohistory

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-80
Author(s):  
Andrew Logie
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Early State

In current day South Korea pseudohistory pertaining to early Korea and northern East Asia has reached epidemic proportions. Its advocates argue the early state of Chosŏn to have been an expansive empire centered on mainland geographical Manchuria. Through rationalizing interpretations of the traditional Hwan’ung- Tan’gun myth, they project back the supposed antiquity and pristine nature of this charter empire to the archaeological Hongshan Culture of the Neolithic straddling Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces of China. Despite these blatant spatial and temporal exaggerations, all but specialists of early Korea typically remain hesitant to explicitly label this conceptualization as “pseudohistory.” This is because advocates of ancient empire cast themselves as rationalist scholars and claim to have evidential arguments drawn from multiple textual sources and archaeology. They further wield an emotive polemic defaming the domestic academic establishment as being composed of national traitors bent only on maintaining a “colonial view of history.” The canon of counterevidence relied on by empire advocates is the accumulated product of 20th century revisionist and pseudo historiography, but to willing believers and non-experts, it can easily appear convincing and overwhelming. Combined with a postcolonial nationalist framing and situated against the ongoing historiography dispute with China, their conceptualization of a grand antiquity has gained bipartisan political influence with concrete ramifications for professional scholarship. This paper seeks to introduce and debunk the core, seemingly evidential, canon of arguments put forward by purveyors of Korean pseudohistory and to expose their polemics, situating the phenomenon in a broader diagnostic context of global pseudohistory and archaeology.

scholarly journals Determinants of urban sprawl in Latin America: evidence from Santiago de Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Silva ◽  
Francisco Vergara-Perucich
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

AbstractUrban sprawl has been widely discussed in regard of its economic, political, social and environmental impacts. Consequently, several planning policies have been placed to stop—or at least restrain—sprawling development. However, most of these policies have not been successful at all as anti-sprawl policies partially address only a few determinants of a multifaceted phenomenon. This includes processes of extended suburbanisation, peri-urbanisation and transformation of fringe/belt areas of city-regions. Using as a case study the capital city of Chile—Santiago—thirteen determinants of urban sprawl are identified as interlinked at the point of defining Santiago's sprawling geography as a distinctive space that deserves planning and policy approaches in its own right. Unpacking these determinants and the policy context within which they operate is important to better inform the design and implementation of more comprehensive policy frameworks to manage urban sprawl and its impacts.

scholarly journals Cost-efficient factors in local public spending: Detecting relationships between local environments, population size and urban area category

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110038
Author(s):  
Hiroki Baba ◽  
Yasushi Asami
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Major Factors

This study examines regional differences in local environment factors to better understand the sustainability of local governments indexed by per capita public spending. Under the condition of heterogeneous population size, we examine how factor characteristics differ depending on the spatial context represented by the urban area category. By employing a Cobb–Douglas cost function with congestion effects on public service provision, the estimated factors enable us to articulate major factors and differences in cost-efficiency between urban area categories. We found that statistical significance and even the signatures of local environment factors differ depending on the urban employment area category. Regarding factors such as the ratios of employees in secondary and tertiary industries, these did not tend to be statistically significant in small-sized urban areas, while small-sized cities in large-sized urban areas were likely to gain confidence intervals. Moreover, we did not observe any statistical significance for the ratio of elderly people due to the balance of spending between national and local governments. These findings could contribute to sustainable management of cities in the advent of population decline.

A Study on the Planning Method of Underground Space in Urban Core District - Taking Hangzhou Eastern New City Zone as an Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1411-1420
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Si Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Core ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
New City

Nowadays, Underground space exploitation is one of the directions of the main focus in the construction of Hangzhou. This paper comprehensively introduces the schematic design of the underground space exploitation of Hangzhou east station, combined with the underground space development project of the core area in Hangzhou eastern new city zone. Firstly, the background of the surrounding area is discussed to illuminate the important status of the core area of eastern new city zone in Hangzhou’s future construction. Then, the holistic design concept and construction goal of the underground space exploitation of the core area are presented, and its functions and layout are clarified focusing on the railway construction and circumjacent exploitation project of Hangzhou east station. Lastly, the executive plan about the underground space exploitation of the core area of Hangzhou eastern new city zone is expatiated comprehensively.

Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity Assessment: French Simplified Analysis Method Applied to Underclad Postulated Defect in Nozzle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Arrieta-Ruiz ◽  
Eric Meister ◽  
Stéphane Vidard
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
The Core ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Structural integrity of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is one of the main concerns regarding safety and lifetime of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) since this component is considered as not reasonably replaceable. Fast fracture risk is the main potential damage considered in the integrity assessment of RPV. In France, deterministic integrity assessment for RPV vis-à-vis the brittle fracture risk is based on the crack initiation stage. As regards the core area in particular, the stability of an under-clad postulated flaw is currently evaluated under a Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) through a dedicated fracture mechanics simplified method called “beta method”. However, flaw stability analyses are also carried-out in several other areas of the RPV. Thence-forward performing uniform simplified inservice analyses of flaw stability is a major concern for EDF. In this context, 3D finite element elastic-plastic calculations with flaw modelling in the nozzle have been carried out recently and the corresponding results have been compared to those provided by the beta method, codified in the French RSE-M code for under-clad defects in the core area, in the most severe events. The purpose of this work is to validate the employment of the core area fracture mechanics simplified method as a conservative approach for the under-clad postulated flaw stability assessment in the complex geometry of the nozzle. This paper presents both simplified and 3D modelling flaw stability evaluation methods and the corresponding results obtained by running a PTS event. It shows that the employment of the “beta method” provides conservative results in comparison to those produced by elastic-plastic calculations for the cases here studied.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of the regional variation of hypertensive disease mortality and its socio-economic correlates in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Yong Park ◽  
Jin-Mi Kwak ◽  
Eun-Won Seo ◽  
Kwang-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Mortality

This paper presents a cross-sectional study based on the cause of death statistics in 2011 extracted from all 229 local governments in South Korea. The standardised hypertensive disease mortality rate (SHDMR) was defined by age- and sex-adjusted mortality by hypertensive diseases distinguished by International Classification of Disease- 10 (ICD-10). Variables taken into account were the number of doctors per 100,000 persons, the proportion with higher education (including university students and high school graduates), the number of recipients of basic livelihood support per 100,000 persons, the annual national health insurance premium per capita and the proportion of persons classified as high-risk drinkers. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were applied to identify the potential associations. The statistical analysis was conducted with SAS ver. 9.3, while ArcGIS ver. 10.0 was utilised for the spatial analysis. The OLS results showed that the number of basic livelihood recipients per 100,000 persons had a significant positive association with the SHDMR, and the proportion with higher education had a significant negative one. GWR coefficients varied depending on region investigated and some regional variables had various directions. GWR showed higher adjusted R2 than that of OLS. It was found that the SHDMR was affected by socio-economic status, but as the effects observed were not consistent in all regions of the country, the development of health policies will need to consider the potential for regional variation.

scholarly journals Core area and centre of activity of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), submitted to supplemental feeding

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim de Araújo Silva ◽  
Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Method ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
M Cell ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Fixed Kernel ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Based on the finding of remains (tracks, scats, and hairs), an analysis was made of the core area and centre of activity of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), living in a private natural reserve in which ecotourism activities are developed and these animals are daily fed bovine meat. A total of 465 samples of remains were recorded. Using the fixed kernel method, the area encompassing all samples recorded was estimated at 25.7 km², yet 50% of all samples were found in an area of only 1.5 km², representing 5.8% of the total area covered. For estimating the core area of the animals, the frequency of occurrence of the samples was determined by superimposing a 50 x 50 m cell grid over a map of the area encompassing all recorded occurrences. Based on the cells containing more than six occurrences, the animals' core area was 0.99 km², which included the place where the animals are fed. The centre of activity was located only 0.50 km from this place. The high negative correlation (r = -0.93, p < 0.05) between the densities of the recorded occurrences and the distances from these to the sanctuary indicates that the core area and centre of activity are conditioned by artificial feeding.

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