scholarly journals Spatial and Multicriteria Analysis of Dimension Stones and Crushed Rocks Quarrying in the Context of Sustainable Regional Development: Case Study of Lower Silesia (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3022
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Lower Silesia

This study aimed to analyze and assess the spatial and temporal trends in distribution of reserves and production of igneous and metamorphic dimension stones and crushed rocks in the Lower Silesia region, which with 90% of total supply is the key source region of these rock raw materials in Poland. The research utilized descriptive statistics to examine temporal variations of production, as well as to determine sufficiency of these resources for four different scenarios and seven main lithological groups of rocks. Spatial statistics in the geographic information system was used to map changes in spatial distribution of production with the density function, as well as to determine areas of highest concentration in the 2010–2018 period. Then, 169 communes in the region were assessed using the multicriteria analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique to identify local communities prospective for development of this mining sector. Strong, positive correlation (r = 0.645) between year to year production change with annual rate of gross domestic product was determined. Sufficiency of economic reserves was estimated, in four scenarios, as being the lowest for melaphyre and porphyry (25–49 years), and the highest for marble (380–389 years). Reserves of basalt and amphibolite should last for approximately 50 years (32–60 and 36–67 years, respectively), granite for 82 to 110 years, and gabbro and gneiss for over 100 years (78–159 and 76–189 years, respectively). Maps revealed a possible trend of increasing production in quarries located in the central and eastern parts of Lower Silesia, whereas multicriteria analysis allowed for the identification of nine communes with the highest potential for rock raw material quarrying. The practical outcome of this study is a knowledge database for authorities, upon which sustainable management of regional rock raw materials can be based in the context of economic, social, and environmental impacts of their extraction.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variations in freeze warnings in the conterminous United States: 2005–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1379-1384
Author(s):  
Brandon Lawhorn ◽  
Robert C. Balling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
The Us ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Frost Free Period ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

AbstractIt is well-documented that the United States (US), along with other mid-latitude land locations, has experienced warming in recent decades in response to changes in atmospheric composition. Among other changes, Easterling (2002) reported that the frost-free period is now longer across much of the US with the first frost in fall occurring later and the last freeze in spring occurring earlier. In this investigation, we explore spatial and temporal variations in all freeze warnings issued by the US National Weather Service. Freeze warning counts are highest in the southeastern US peaking overall in the spring and fall months. Freeze warnings tend to occur more toward summer moving northward and westward into more northerly states. Consistent with the warming in recent decades, we find statistically significant northward movements in freeze warning centroids in some months (December, February) across the study period (2005–2018). Detection of spatial and temporal trends in freeze warnings may be of interest to any number of scientists with applied climatological interests.

Post medieval cargo - contemporary problem source of mercury in pristine seawater environment (Gnalić, Biograd na Moru, Croatia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlado Cuculić ◽  
Neven Cukrov ◽  
Irena Radić Rossi ◽  
Željko Kwokal
Keyword(s):  
Total Mercury ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
White Lead ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

<p>Near the Gnalić islet at the southeast entrance of the Pašman Channel, Croatian Eastern Adriatic there is one of the most important "post-medieval shipwreck known". In November 1583 during sailing popular sea route from Venice (Italy) to Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) Venetian merchantman “Gagliana Grossa” with capacity of 1200 Venetian barrels (700 tonnes) and length of 40 meters sank at this site, two nautical miles of the town of Biograd na Moru. A very varied ship's cargo consisted of large quantities of semi finished and finished products manufactured in various part of Europe. However, the ship also carried raw materials such as tin, brass, white lead and especially mercury in various forms: elemental mercury, ore cinnabar (HgS), and vermillion powder (HgS opaque red pigment). Elemental sulfur found in the cargo also indicates possibility of its use in the production of vermillion by chemical coupling of Hg and S. It is assumed that the mercury was meant for medical (elemental Hg), cosmetic and painting (vermillion) purposes. The ship with the full cargo sank at twenty-five meters of depth and wreck was discovered in 1967, while first detailed and systematic sampling and measurements of mercury at a sinking site and its vicinity began in 2013. Seawater sampling was performed eight times in six years (2013-2019). Individual samples were taken by scuba diving at eight positions 1 to 1.5 m above excavating area (60x20 m) as well as in vicinity and on the sea surface above the site. Measurements of mercury species (total, reactive and dissolved gaseous) were performed 24 hours after sampling using CVAAS method.</p><p>The Gnalić shipwreck is located in the Middle Adriatic coastal waters. According to the "A long-term survey (1984-2017) of the spatial and temporal trends of the total mercury in seawater of the Adriatic Sea" (Kwokal and Cuculić, in preparation) the mean concentration of total mercury based on over 600 samples is 1.4 ng L<sup>-1</sup> for the Middle Adriatic and 1.6 ng L<sup>-1</sup> for the coastal water.</p><p>During archaeological activities on the excavation site all three measured mercury species, total, reactive and dissolved gaseous appeared in concentrations up to three orders of magnitude higher in comparison with the averages found in the Middle Adriatic seawater.</p><p>There is a difference between the results obtained during recovering of the artefacts, cleaning of the hull at the shipwreck site and during the idle state when workspace is conserved. Nevertheless, with no activity on the site, concentrations of mercury species are more than one order of magnitude higher compared to surrounding pristine environment. Data indicates the need of removal of all forms of mercury, especially elemental (roughly estimated 500-1000 kg) from the seabed in order to stop damaging impact on seawater and sediment, consequently on marine life.</p>

scholarly journals Ecological Efficiency and Sustainable Regional Development in Russia During the 20 Years of Resource-Based Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-47
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development

Climate change as well as ecological and social problems requires new goals and instruments of economic policy, based on the principles of sustainable develop­ment. However, over the past 20 years, an increase in energy prices has resulted in the raw material growth model prevailing in Russia. Has this growth led to sustainable regional development? We propose an approach to evaluating eco­logical efficiency of the Russian regions as the ratio of the output of non-primary goods and services to the input of resources (labor, capital, raw materials, and environmental costs). This is a new indicator of the quality of economic growth. The sustainable development model, combining growth of GRP per capita and ecological efficiency, has been observed for more than half of the period in most regions. The eco-efficiency of the average region has been growing since 2003, except crisis periods, following an increase of the services sector share and the closure of inefficient pollution-intensive factories. According to the econometric results, ecological efficiency was growing faster in densely populated regions with a high share of high-tech services, investment attractiveness and intensive tech­nology implementation (Moscow; Saint Petersburg; Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Belgorod and Kaliningrad regions etc.); it decreased in most northern and Siberian regions. Great potential for raising eco-efficiency remains in most regions. In general, the results of regional development in Russia do not contradict the principles and goals of sustainable development (SDGs), although it was largely achieved due to the system of inter-budget transfers, distributing the oil rent surplus among the regions. In the future, an increase in investments in the non-primary sector, en­ergy efficiency and public transportation will be required. Corresponding changes can be accelerated in the context of an emerging economic crisis caused by the pandemic and falling oil prices.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Black Bullhead ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

<em>Abstract</em>.—Ictalurids compose a substantial portion of the commercial harvest in the upper Mississippi River (UMR). The purpose of this investigation was to examine spatial and temporal trends in commercial harvest of ictalurids in the UMR. The study focused on four species: channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, flathead catfish<em> Pylodictis olivaris</em>, blue catfish <em>I. furcatus</em>, and black bullhead <em>Ameiurus melas</em>. We described trends in yield and market value and evaluated the influence of numerous factors on commercial catfish harvest in Pools 3–26 of the UMR between 1953 and 2001. Spatial and temporal variations in commercial harvest of catfish appeared to be driven by different factors through time. Early factors included habitat loss and overexploitation, and later factors included loss of the market share and increased market competition with aquaculture. Ictalurids have maintained a consistent proportion of the total commercial harvest in the UMR, and decreases in catfish harvest may indicate larger declines in commercial fishing.

scholarly journals Research on food safety prediction method based on k-means clustering algorithm

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Mengjuan Wu ◽  
Huan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Risk Categories

Aiming at the problem of food risk prediction, this paper proposes a method based on clustering algorithm to predict product risk by raw material risk. Firstly, based on the provincial supply chain closed-loop hypothesis, this paper proposes the selection method of clustering indexes for products and their raw materials. Secondly, this paper uses the k-means clustering algorithm to cluster the products and the corresponding raw materials respectively, then based on the clustering Class results automatically determine the high-risk categories of the products and their raw materials. Finally, the analysis of the experimental data of the 8 categories of products and their raw materials shows that the ratio of the high-risk categories of products and the ratios of the corresponding high-risk categories of raw materials have a strong positive correlation. The experimental results prove the rationality of the raw material clustering index selection method proposed in this paper and the correctness of the method of predicting product risk based on the raw material risk based on the clustering algorithm.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TRENDS OF SOIL AND SURFACE PROPERTIES CHANGES IN AN AREA WITH URBAN, BARE SOIL AND WETLAND COVERS: A 30-YEAR CASE STUDY IN GOMISHAN, IRAN

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
S. K. Alavipanah ◽  
M. Konyushkova ◽  
S. Hamzeh ◽  
A. A. Kakroodi ◽  
A. Heidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends

Abstract. Climate is one most important factors that can reconstructs the formation of soils. Accordingly, the objective of this study is characterizing spatial and temporal trends of soil and surface properties changes in Gomishan region during the period of 2017–1987. For this purpose, 432 monthly product of LST (MOD11C3) and vegetation cover (MOD13C2) of MODIS sensor and 3 Landsat images were used. Single-channel algorithm and various spectral indexes were used to modeling of Land surface temperature (LST) and surface properties including brightness, greenness, wetness and salinity. Then, based on the soil line analyse, pixels with the full cover of soil were extracted. Finally, trend of LST and surface properties variations were investigated for these pixels and whole studied area. The average of LST and vegetation cover changes in January, February, March and April are higher than other months. The variance of LST and surface properties for Gomishan wetland was higher than other regions of the studied area. The values of Soil salinity index in 2000 year was higher than 1987 and 2017 years. The LST of pixels with full cover of soil in the north of study area was higher than the south. Also, wetness of these pixels in the northern regions is lower than the southern regions of the study area. The results of study indicate, spatial and temporal variations of the surface properties of the Gomishan area derived from remote-sensing data were high.

scholarly journals Analysis of Rock Raw Materials Transport and its Implications for Regional Development and Planning. Case Study of Lower Silesia (Poland)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3165
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Lower Silesia

The movement of rock raw materials from source to demand areas is carried out predominately with road and railway transport. The latter is less damaging to infrastructure, the environment and society and is cheaper for longer distances, but it is also less flexible and not widely used. The Lower Silesia region in southwestern Poland is an important producer of rock raw materials and the principal provider of igneous and metamorphic dimension stones and crushed rocks in the country. A multicriteria scoring scheme has been developed and applied to identify mines presently using road transport, that are predisposed to switch to or include a railway form of transport. Four criteria have been proposed, C1—distance to railway loading point, C2—annual production of rock raw material, C3—economic reserves, and C4—type of rock raw material. The scoring scheme (classification) was developed based on the results of descriptive statistics for mines presently using railway or combined road and railway forms of transport. Two scenarios were analyzed, one with equal weights (0.25) and the other with higher significance of C1 = 0.40 and C2 = 0.30, and lower significance of C3 = 0.20 and C4 = 0.10. In the result, 24 mines were identified and ranked in terms of their potential to introduce railway transport. The proposed methodology can be used universally for other regions and countries, and the results will be included in drawing up regional spatial development policies.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

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