scholarly journals Interplay between Diets, Health, and Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajal Pradhan ◽  
Jürgen P. Kropp
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The world is facing a triple burden of undernourishment, obesity, and environmental impacts from agriculture while nourishing its population. This burden makes sustainable nourishment of the growing population a global challenge. Addressing this challenge requires an understanding of the interplay between diets, health, and associated environmental impacts (e.g., climate change). For this, we identify 11 typical diets that represent dietary habits worldwide for the last five decades. Plant-source foods provide most of all three macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, and fat) in developing countries. In contrast, animal-source foods provide a majority of protein and fat in developed ones. The identified diets deviate from the recommended healthy diet with either too much (e.g., red meat) or too little (e.g., fruits and vegetables) food and nutrition supply. The total calorie supplies are lower than required for two diets. Sugar consumption is higher than recommended for five diets. Three and five diets consist of larger-than-recommended carbohydrate and fat shares, respectively. Four diets with a large share of animal-source foods exceed the recommended value of red meat. Only two diets consist of at least 400 gm/cap/day of fruits and vegetables while accounting for food waste. Prevalence of undernourishment and underweight dominates in the diets with lower calories. In comparison, a higher prevalence of obesity is observed for diets with higher calories with high shares of sugar, fat, and animal-source foods. However, embodied emissions in the diets do not show a clear relation with calorie supplies and compositions. Two high-calorie diets embody more than 1.5 t CO 2 eq/cap/yr, and two low-calorie diets embody around 1 t CO 2 eq/cap/yr. Our analysis highlights that sustainable and healthy diets can serve the purposes of both nourishing the population and, at the same time, reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.

scholarly journals Global and National Consumption of Animal Source Foods for Children and Adults in 2015: Systematic Analysis of Country-Specific Nutrition Surveys Worldwide (P10-077-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Miller ◽  
Renata Micha ◽  
Frederick Cudhea ◽  
Jennifer Onopa ◽  
Peilin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Red Meat Intake ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Objectives Global intakes of animal source foods (ASFs) are important for several health outcomes─ broadly positive for maternal and child health outcomes (MCH) and broadly negative for some non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While ASFs represent an important source of key nutrients for many (particularly lower-income) consumers, the distributions of ASF intake is not well established. Our objective was to generate comprehensive estimates of daily intakes of milk, eggs, unprocessed red meat, and additional ASFs by country, age, sex, education and urban/rural location in 2015. Methods National and subnational surveys on dietary intake were identified through systematic searches of multiple electronic databases, and through personal communication with experts worldwide. Presently, the Global Dietary Database (GDD) includes 1137 survey-years of global data representing participants from 185 countries (97.5% of the world's population). Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods were used to combine individual-level intake data with country-level availability data and estimate mean intake and its statistical uncertainty for each country-, age-, sex-, education-, urban/rural- and year-specific stratum. Results In 2015, global milk intake was 95.0 g/day (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 70.1–134.7 g/day) with region-specific intakes ranging from 49.2 g/day in Asia to 155.9 g/day in high-income countries (Figure 1). Mean national milk intake was highest in Sweden (299.9 g/day) and lowest in China (23.4 g/day). Global egg intake was 25.0 g/day (13.5–54.1 g/day). Region-specific intake was highest in Latin American and the Caribbean (45.4 g/day) and lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa (13.9 g/day; Figure 2). Mean national egg intake was ≥1 serving per day (55 g) in 3 of the 185 countries. Global unprocessed red meat intake was 57.9 g/day (40.1–89.2 g/day) and intake was greatest in the Former Soviet Union (75.3 g) and Latin America and the Caribbean (69.4 g; Figure 3). National red meat intake was ≥1 serving per day (100 g) in 7 of the 185 countries. Additional findings for cheese, yogurt, reduced fat milk, whole milk, seafood and processed meat will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions Our findings highlight the substantial range of ASF intake worldwide. These data are valuable for dietary monitoring and the development of policies to prevent MCH and NCDs associated with both ASF insufficiency and surplus. Funding Sources Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Is participation in Care Groups associated with enhanced diet quality amongst women and children? Experiences from Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Pamela Ncube-Murakwani ◽  
Craig Nyathi ◽  
Mutsa Dzimba ◽  
Sijabulisiwe Dube ◽  
Shamiso Moyo
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Care Groups ◽  
Nutrition Practices

The Amalima program, a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Food for Peace intervention, has been promoting Care Groups from 2014 to 2020 in a resource constrained setting in Zimbabwe. Care Groups are community-based peer-to-peer support groups for mothers, which provide a platform for promoting recommended maternal, infant and young nutrition practices. The researchers conducted a study to compare the quality of the diet for children and mothers participating in Care Groups and children and mothers not participating in Care Groups. The research was conducted in two districts (Gwanda and Tsholotsho) in Zimbabwe across 8 purposively selected sites, six years after project implementation began. A total of 242 children aged 6 to 23 months and 168 women beneficiaries were included in the study. We analysed consumption of the three non-staple food groups promoted by the Care Groups under the theme ‘Four Star Diet’ namely vegetables and fruits, legumes and animal source foods. Our results showed that children whose caregivers were members of Care Groups had a higher consumption of pulses and legumes (29% vs 1%; p = 0.00001), fruits and vegetables (33% vs 18%; p = 0.00104) and animal source foods (59% vs 26%; p = 0.00001) compared to children whose caregivers were not Care Group members. There was no difference in diet quality between women participating or not participating in Care groups. Efforts should be put in place to increase participation in Care Groups, as they serve as a key contact point to support recommended infant and young child nutrition practices during the first 1000 days of life. There is a need to explore barriers to Care Group participation and develop a strategy to address the barriers for non-Care Group participants. Future programs should explore the reasons behind the limited impact that Care Group attendance had on the diet quality for women.

Prevalência de Obesidade Infantil em uma Escola Pública da Cidade de Ipatinga (MG)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jackeline De Souza Alecrim ◽  
Lorena Freire Sousa ◽  
Josiane Márcia de Castro ◽  
Gulnara Patricia Cabrera Borja ◽  
Luna Luiza Borges de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Low Prevalence

O alto predomínio da obesidade na infância vem se tornando cada vez mais preocupante, desta forma, pais, profissionais da saúde, educadores e representantes de entidades ligadas ao tema buscam respostas e soluções para o problema que cresce de maneira alarmante. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o índice de obesidade infantil em crianças de 6 a 10 anos, em uma instituição pública de ensino, analisando seus hábitos alimentares e as condições patológicas associadas à obesidade correlacionando a ausência ou não da prática de exercícios físicos. Ficando evidenciada a baixa prevalência de crianças obesas e um alto índice de crianças abaixo do peso preconizado pela OMS para a faixa etária. Apesar da maior prevalência de crianças com baixo peso se observou que a grande maioria adota uma alimentação inadequada e um alto consumo de carboidratos e gorduras e apenas 4,54% e 9,8% das crianças com idade de 6 e 7 anos e 8, 9 e 10 anos, respectivamente, afirmaram consumir diariamente frutas e verduras. O que pode ser considerado preocupante, uma vez que maus hábitos alimentares associados a outros fatores predisponentes podem desencadear deficiências nutricionais, que podem oferecer graves consequências para a saúde do indivíduo.Palavras-chave: Obesidade Infantil. Baixo Peso. Alimentação Infantil.AbstractThe high prevalence of obesity in childhood has become increasingly worrying, so parents, health professionals, educators and representatives of entities associated to the theme, seek answers and solutions to the problem that grows alarmingly. The objective of this study was to investigate the childhood obesity index in children aged 6 to 10 years in a public institution analyzing their eating habits and the pathological conditions associated with obesity, correlating the absence or absence of physical exercise practice. A low prevalence of obese children and a high index of underweight children was evidenced recommended by WHO for the age group. Despite the higher prevalence of underweight children, it was observed that the vast majority adopt an inadequate diet and a high consumption of carbohydrates and fats, and only 4.54% and 9.8% of children aged 6 and 7 and 8 , 9 and 10 years, respectively, reported consuming fruits and vegetables daily. This can be considered a concern since poor dietary habits associated with other predisposing factors can trigger nutritional deficiencies that can offer serious health consequences to the individual.Keywords: Child Obesity. Low Weight. Infant Feeding.

scholarly journals Cash transfers and child nutritional outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003621
Author(s):  
James Manley ◽  
Yarlini Balarajan ◽  
Shahira Malm ◽  
Luke Harman ◽  
Jessica Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundCash transfer (CT) programmes are implemented widely to alleviate poverty and provide safety nets to vulnerable households with children. However, evidence on the effects of CTs on child health and nutrition outcomes has been mixed. We systematically reviewed evidence of the impact of CTs on child nutritional status and selected proximate determinants.MethodsWe searched articles published between January 1997 and September 2018 using Agris, Econlit, Eldis, IBSS, IDEAS, IFPRI, Google Scholar, PubMed and World Bank databases. We included studies using quantitative impact evaluation methods of CTs with sample sizes over 300, targeted to households with children under 5 years old conducted in countries with gross domestic product per capita below US$10 000 at baseline. We conducted meta-analysis using random-effects models to assess the impact of CT programmes on selected child nutrition outcomes and meta-regression analysis to examine the association of programme characteristics with effect sizes.ResultsOut of 2862 articles identified, 74 articles were eligible for inclusion. We find that CTs have significant effects of 0.03±0.03 on height-for-age z-scores (p<0.03) and a decrease of 2.1% in stunting (95% CI −3.5% to −0.7%); consumption of animal-source foods (4.5%, 95% CI 2.9% to 6.0%); dietary diversity (0.73, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.19) and diarrhoea incidence (−2.7%, 95% CI −5.4% to −0.0%; p<0.05). The effects of CTs on weight-for-age z-scores and wasting were not significant (0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.08; p<0.42) and (1.2%, 95% CI: −0.1% to 2.5%; p<0.07), respectively. We found that specific programme characteristics differentially modified the effect on the nutrition outcomes studied.ConclusionWe found that CT programmes targeted to households with young children improved linear growth and contributed to reduced stunting. We found that the likely pathways were through increased dietary diversity, including through the increased consumption of animal-source foods and reduced incidence of diarrhoea. With heightened interest in nutrition-responsive social protection programmes to improve child nutrition, we make recommendations to inform the design and implementation of future programmes.

The Benefit of Focusing on Air Pollution Instead of Climate Change: How Discussing Power Plant Emissions in the Context of Air Pollution, Rather than Climate Change, Influences Perceived Benefits, Costs, and Political Action for Policies to Limit Emissions

2020 ◽  
pp. 107554702098044
Author(s):  
P. Sol Hart ◽  
Lauren Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Power Plant Emissions ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This experiment examines how framing power plant emissions in terms of air pollution or climate change, and in terms of health or environmental impacts, influences perceived benefits and costs of policies to reduce emissions and intentions to take political action that supports such policies. A moderated-mediation model reveals that focusing on air pollution, instead of climate change, has a positive significant indirect influence on intended political action through the serial mediators of perceived benefits and costs. Political ideology moderates the association between perceived benefits and political action. No framing effects are observed in the comparison between health and environmental impacts.

Prevalence of obesity and its risk factors among school children in Karachi, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Mansoori ◽  
Nighat Nisar ◽  
Naveen Shahid ◽  
Syed Muhammad Mubeen ◽  
Shahid Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted during 2012 in private and public-sector schools of Karachi to determine the prevalence and factors influencing overweight and obesity among school children (aged 11–15 years). Sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits were explored. The CDC Growth Chart was used to record height and weight. Of a total of 887 children, being overweight and frankly obese was found in 169 (19.1%) and 96 (10.8%), respectively. Of these, 176 (66.4%) were from private schools, and significant associations were found in 202 (76.2%) who were spending > 2 h/day watching television and 139 (52.5%) sleeping > 8 h/day.

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