scholarly journals Wooden Truss Analysis, Preservation Strategies, and Digital Documentation through Parametric 3D Modeling and HBIM Workflow

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Massafra ◽  
Davide Prati ◽  
Giorgia Predari ◽  
Riccardo Gulli
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Generative Algorithms

The main focus of this paper is the most recent phase of a large research project that has studied several wooden roof structures in the area of Bologna, belonging to a set of important historical buildings, all dating back to the 16th and 18th centuries. In particular, the behavior of the wooden trusses that support pitched roofs is analyzed, according to a methodological approach, based on generative algorithms that can help researchers and technicians to improve the comprehension of wooden structures’ behavior during their entire lifespan. While all the previous case studies concerned churches, this latest step extends the survey to the roofing system of the Municipal Theater of Bologna, which has a span of approximately 25 m. The core of the process concerns the automatic transformation of the point cloud into 3D models using parametric modeling tools, such as Grasshopper generative algorithms. Following this workflow, it is possible to speed up the creation of different truss models by changing only a few input parameters. This updating of the research protocol automatically creates a Building Information Modeling (BIM) model and a calculation model for the wooden trusses to perform a structural stress analysis by linking Grasshopper tools with Dynamo-Revit features. The procedure that has been developed from previous studies is still evolving and aims to speed up the modeling procedure and introduce new tools and methods for interpreting the functioning of these structural elements when surveyed through terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) devices.

scholarly journals WOODEN TRUSSES RECONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS THROUGH PARAMETRIC 3D MODELING

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 623-629
Author(s):  
D. Prati ◽  
G. Zuppella ◽  
G. Mochi ◽  
L. Guardigli ◽  
R. Gulli
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Generative Algorithms ◽  
Wooden Structures

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper aims to indicate a new methodological approach, based on generative algorithms, to attempt a more in-depth and transversal understanding of the behavior of these wooden structures. The developed method accelerates modeling procedures and brings on new tools for analyzing these structural systems when surveyed through TLS devices. The main topic of this work is the most recent step of a wider research project that has analyzed a few wooden roofing structures in the area of bologna. These case studies are represented by a set of important churches in Bologna, all built between the 16th and 18th centuries, whose pitched roofs are supported by timber trusses. Among them, the most impressive is the wooden truss in the St. Peter Cathedral that has approximately 26 meters of span, 7 meters of height for nearly 9 tons of weight. It also shows a complex static conception with the coexistence of an external nondeformable triangle and an internal virtual discharging arc. The focus is on the transformation of the point cloud into 3D models using parametric modeling tools such as Grasshopper generative algorithms. These algorithms, once created for a single truss, allow to automatically generating 3D models of all trusses, changing only input parameters.</p>

scholarly journals INTEGRATING TOPOGRAPHIC, PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND LASER SCANNING TECHNIQUES FOR A SCAN-TO-BIM PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2021 ◽  
pp. 883-890
Author(s):  
M. Lo Brutto ◽  
E. Iuculano ◽  
P. Lo Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Real ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Heritage Building

Abstract. The preservation of historic buildings can often be particularly difficult due to the lack of detailed information about architectural features, construction details, etc.. However, in recent years considerable technological innovation in the field of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) has been achieved by the Building Information Modeling (BIM) process. BIM was developed as a methodology used mainly for new construction but, given its considerable potential, this approach can also be successfully used for existing buildings, especially for buildings of historical and architectural value. In this case, it is more properly referred to as Historic – or Heritage – Building Information Modeling (HBIM). In the HBIM process, it is essential to precede the parametric modeling phase of the building with a detailed 3D survey that allows the acquisition of all geometric information. This methodology, called Scan-to-BIM, involves the use of 3D survey techniques for the production of point clouds as a geometric “database” for parametric modeling. The Scan-to-BIM approach can have several issues relating to the complexity of the survey. The work aims to apply the Scan-to-BIM approach to the survey and modeling of a historical and architectural valuable building to test a survey method, based on integrating different techniques (topography, photogrammetry and laser scanning), that improves the data acquisition phase. The “Real Cantina Borbonica” (Cellar of Royal House of Bourbon) in Partinico (Sicily, Italy) was chosen as a case study. The work has allowed achieving the HBIM of the “Real Cantina Borbonica” and testing an approach based exclusively on a topographic constraint to merge in the same reference system all the survey data (laser scanner and photogrammetric point clouds).

scholarly journals A Multi-Analytical Study for the Enhancement and Accessibility of Archaeological Heritage: The Churches of San Nicola and San Basilio in Motta Sant’Agata (RC, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3738
Author(s):  
Dario Giuffrida ◽  
Viviana Mollica Nardo ◽  
Daniela Neri ◽  
Giovanni Cucinotta ◽  
Irene Vittoria Calabrò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Archaeological Heritage

In the coming years, Italy will need to take on a great challenge concerning the digitization of its archaeological and architectural heritage, one of the richest and most problematic in the world. The aim is to improve the knowledge, conservation, enhancement and accessibility of cultural assets and to make them a resource for national and local development. In this process, the next generation of 3D survey methods (laser scanning and photogrammetry), in combination with diagnostic techniques (spectroscopy analyses) and GIS/BIM (Geographic Information System/Building Information Modeling) solutions, represent a valid support. This work, part of a broader intervention launched by the Municipality of Reggio Calabria for the requalification of some archaeological sites located within its urban and metropolitan area, is focused on the study case of Motta S. Agata. The ancient settlement is located 8 km from Reggio C. in a hilly area difficult to reach and preserves numerous structures in a state of ruin. Among these, two interesting medieval churches are proposed for examination: the church of San Nicola, characterized by five hypogeal funeral crypts, and the chapel of San Basilio, which preserves the traces of a wall painting. A multi-methodological approach including close-range photogrammetry, laser scanning and chemical and thermal analyses was adopted in order to fulfill different tasks: creating a topographic model of the hillfort, mapping the archaeological evidence, digitizing and returning 3D models of the churches, characterizing materials through chemical analyses and monitoring the surfaces with thermal imaging. These combined applications have contributed to reaching the planned goals, i.e., study, conservation, diagnostics, preparation for restoration interventions, development of digital media and dissemination. In this way, a type of interactive museum (made up of virtual tours and informative digital models) has been made available in order to improve the site’s accessibility and inclusivity as well as to test the effect of digitization in attracting tourists and local people toward a place located outside of the usual tourist circuits.

scholarly journals Procedural Modeling-Based BIM Approach for Railway Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
S. A. Biancardo ◽  
M. Intignano ◽  
N. Viscione ◽  
S. Guerra De Oliveira ◽  
A. Tibaut
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Building Information ◽  
First Results ◽  
Bim Object

Building information modeling (BIM) is a powerful methodological approach for designers that has revolutionized the field of architecture and construction for some years now, minimizing errors and making the entire design, construction, and management process more efficient. The first results have been so encouraging that many countries, from Europe to the United States to Asian countries, have adopted specific regulations to promote its development and use. BIM models are based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard, i.e., an object-based file format with a data model developed by building SMART to facilitate interoperability. Objects are characterized by properties, such as geometry, material, cost, and all related construction process information, such as scheduling or the maintenance process. The 3D modeling of these objects geometric information is parametric, in order to make the design more flexible. This research work offers an insight into the possibilities offered by different BIM-based tools for parametric modeling applied in the railway sector whereby an example of a railway section model is presented. Indeed, the focus will be on the creation of parametric objects representing railway components, as existing BIM object libraries lack them in the IFC2 × 3 standard format.

scholarly journals BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING APPLIED TO THE INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS CASE STUDY OF SAINT PETERSBURG

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
E. S. Soonwald ◽  
A. E. Wojnarowski ◽  
S. G. Tikhonov ◽  
O. V. Artemeva ◽  
S. V. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Information Models

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Development and implementation of information models of spatial objects affect broadest application areas currently. Building Information Models (BIMs) are now becoming extremely popular. These models are able to describe a great number characteristics of building or engineering construction, including physical and functional properties, economic parameters, visual parameters, etc. BIM use is introduced currently as the mandatory aspect of building life cycle management, from design and construction to demolition. However, implementation of the BIM concept into the reconstruction, restoration and conservation of historical and cultural heritage remains the least developed domain. Therefore, research and development activities concerned with HBIMs (Historical Building Information Models) are particularly relevant. Saint Petersburg being the second largest Russian city has a huge number of architectural monuments, while industrial architecture composes a special category of these monuments. We provided a number of research and development activities devoted to the 3D information modelling of industrial architectural monuments located in St. Petersburg. Context of these works was established by the reconstruction and adaptation of these monuments to modern needs. 3D models of buildings were produced basing on results of the laser scanning and photogrammetric survey. Basing on our work, we have formalized main approaches to design and implementation of Building Information Models of the industrial architectural monuments.</p>

scholarly journals Integration of BIM and Procedural Modeling Tools for Road Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Antonio Biancardo ◽  
Alessandra Capano ◽  
Sara Guerra de Oliveira ◽  
Andrej Tibaut
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Representation ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Visual Programming ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
The Creation

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a design and management methodology strongly used in the Industry of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC). It allows the creation of a 3D model through parametric modelling in a workflow that updates data, geometry and semantics using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply a BIM method for road infrastructures. The creation of the BIM 3D models was carried out using different visual programming software and BIM tools, designing the spatial and parametric representation of the roadway. This way, it has been possible to discover the advantages of using procedural modelling to design road infrastructure through software that are usually used in the mechanical and architectural field. Finally, the interoperability of the software to extract and exchange information between these BIM tools was assessed.

scholarly journals Integration of Emergy Analysis with Building Information Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7990
Author(s):  
Suman Paneru ◽  
Forough Foroutan Jahromi ◽  
Mohsen Hatami ◽  
Wilfred Roudebush ◽  
Idris Jeelani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Building Information

Traditional energy analysis in Building Information Modeling (BIM) only accounts for the energy requirements of building operations during a portion of the occupancy phase of the building’s life cycle and as such is unable to quantify the true impact of buildings on the environment. Specifically, the typical energy analysis in BIM does not account for the energy associated with resource formation, recycling, and demolition. Therefore, a comprehensive method is required to analyze the true environmental impact of buildings. Emergy analysis can offer a holistic approach to account for the environmental cost of activities involved in building construction and operation in all its life cycle phases from resource formation to demolition. As such, the integration of emergy analysis with BIM can result in the development of a holistic sustainability performance tool. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a comprehensive framework for the integration of emergy analysis with existing Building Information Modeling tools. The proposed framework was validated using a case study involving a test building element of 8’ × 8’ composite wall. The case study demonstrated the successful integration of emergy analysis with Revit®2021 using the inbuilt features of Revit and external tools such as MS Excel. The framework developed in this study will help in accurately determining the environmental cost of the buildings, which will help in selecting environment-friendly building materials and systems. In addition, the integration of emergy into BIM will allow a comparison of various built environment alternatives enabling designers to make sustainable decisions during the design phase.

A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-176
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Treatises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Identification of Vulnerability Elements in Existing Buildings and Their Visualization in the BIM Model for Better Project Management: The Case Study of Cuccagna Farmhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Garavaglia ◽  
Anna Anzani ◽  
Fabio Maroldi ◽  
Fabio Vanerio
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
The Mediterranean

Due to the conjunction between the European and African plates, complex tectonic phenomena take place in the Mediterranean basin. These phenomena cause more or less violent seismic resentments in the countries facing the basin itself. The diffused built historical heritage, characteristic of villages in the Mediterranean countries, is the most vulnerable toward seismic action, and in case of a catastrophic event can cause the loss of human lives. In Italy, the protection of historic buildings is a significant issue, and many regions promoted policies to ensure the safety of the diffused built heritage. Research groups work in synergy to develop procedures for the vulnerability assessment of existing buildings and to define appropriate action plans. This research presents a little or not at all invasive procedure for investigating vulnerability. This procedure is easily replicable and able to support techniques already in use with innovative aspects such as laser scanning of the entire complex and visual identification of vulnerable elements through the BIM (building information modeling) methodology. The procedure applicability is shown in the study of a Milanese farmhouse that has been financed by Fondazione CARIPLO, Bandi 2017 Arte e Cultura-Beni culturali a rischio, Project PRE.CU.R.S.OR.

scholarly journals ABGS: A System for the Automatic Generation of Building Information Models from Two-Dimensional CAD Drawings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6713
Author(s):  
Youngsoo Byun ◽  
Bong-Soo Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Floor Plans

Building Information Modeling (BIM) refers to 3D-based digital modeling of buildings and infrastructure for efficient design, construction, and management. Governments have recognized and encouraged BIM as a primary method for enabling advanced construction technologies. However, BIM is not universally employed in industries, and most designers still use Computer-Aided Design (CAD) drawings, which have been used for several decades. This is because the initial costs for setting up a BIM work environment and the maintenance costs involved in using BIM software are substantially high. With this motivation, we propose a novel software system that automatically generates BIM models from two-dimensional (2D) CAD drawings. This is highly significant because only 2D CAD drawings are available for most of the existing buildings. Notably, such buildings can benefit from the BIM technology using our low-cost conversion system. One of the common problems in existing methods is possible loss of information that may occur during the process of conversion from CAD to BIM because they mainly focus on creating 3D geometric models for BIM by using only floor plans. The proposed method has an advantage of generating BIM that contains property information in addition to the 3D models by analyzing floor plans and other member lists in the input design drawings together. Experimental results show that our method can quickly and accurately generate BIM models from 2D CAD drawings.

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