scholarly journals Urban Congestion Charging Acceptability: An International Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5044
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shatanawi ◽  
Fatma Abdelkhalek ◽  
Ferenc Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Statistical Effect ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Congestion Charging ◽  
Significant Direct Effect ◽  
General Acceptability

The congestion charging scheme is regarded as a successful measure to reduce traffic-related problems. However, low general acceptability of the public for implementing such a scheme is a barrier against its success. In this research, an online pre-designed survey was conducted in five capitals (Budapest, Tunis, Amman, Ulaanbaatar, and Damascus) to define the factors that affect congestion charging acceptability the most. The results of relationships between the studied factors like travel behavior and acceptance of the congestion charging scheme show an irregular pattern in each city. It indicates that the identity of each city and its general policy implications determine which factors significantly affect the public acceptability of congestion charging scheme. In Amman and Budapest, most of the predictors have no statistical effect on the schemes’ public acceptability. Consistent with previous researches, on the other hand, the results demonstrate that the schemes’ effectiveness is crucial and affects the acceptability significantly in all cities. At the same time, it shows that the “prior scheme knowledge” factor has a significant direct effect on the acceptability level in three cities (Damascus, Tunis, and Ulaanbaatar).

scholarly journals Impact of Perceived Uncertainty on Public Acceptability of Congestion Charging: An Empirical Study in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacan Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Luyao Xie ◽  
Huiyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Acceptability ◽  
Revenue Allocation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Congestion Charging

Severe traffic congestion is now a common problem in major cities worldwide, causing huge economic, environmental, and social losses to overall welfare. Governments are now considering congestion charging as an effective way to manage congestion. However, since congestion charging has not yet been implemented widely, the public remains uncertain about it. Few scholars have explored public uncertainty about congestion charging. This paper examined how the public perceived uncertainty toward fairness and efficiency affects willingness to accept congestion charging. Through an experimental study of stated preference, this paper analyzes the influence of observable variables and unobserved latent variables on public acceptability and compares the results with a traditional discrete choice model. The results indicated that the public’s perceived uncertainty about congestion charging will have significant negative effect on acceptability and that the perception of fairness has an even larger effect. As for uncertainty about the effectiveness of congestion charging on alleviating congestion, the implementation efficiency of the government is the most significant. For uncertainty about fairness, whether charge collection and revenue allocation are reasonable is the most significant. These findings provide an empirical basis for reducing public uncertainty and increasing public acceptance of congestion charging.

Fiduciary Principles and Public Offices

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-322
Author(s):  
Ethan J. Leib ◽  
Stephen R. Galoob
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Normative Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Law

This chapter examines how fiduciary principles apply to public offices, focusing on what it means for officeholders to comport themselves to their respective public roles appropriately. Public law institutions can operate in accordance with fiduciary norms even when they are enforced differently from the remedial mechanisms available in private fiduciary law. In the public sector, fiduciary norms are difficult to enforce directly and the fiduciary norms of public office do not overlap completely with the positive law governing public officials. Nevertheless, core fiduciary principles are at the heart of public officeholding, and public officers need to fulfill their fiduciary role obligations. This chapter first considers three areas of U.S. public law whose fiduciary character reinforces the tenet that public office is a public trust: the U.S. Constitution’s “Emoluments Clauses,” administrative law, and the law of judging. It then explores the fiduciary character of public law by looking at the deeper normative structure of public officeholding, placing emphasis on how public officeholders are constrained by the principles of loyalty, care, deliberation, conscientiousness, and robustness. It also compares the policy implications of the fiduciary view of officeholding with those of Dennis Thompson’s view before concluding with an explanation of how the application of fiduciary principles might differ between public and private law settings and how public institutions might be designed or reformed in light of fiduciary norms.

scholarly journals Exploring the Traveler’s Intentions to Use Public Transport during the COVID-19 Pandemic While Complying with Precautionary Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Nazam Ali ◽  
Charitha Dias ◽  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf Javid
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Public transport use has drastically declined during the COVID-19 pandemic because the virus spreads through close contact with infected people and contaminated surfaces, especially in closed-environments. Evidence suggests that following the necessary safety guidelines can limit the spread of the virus, however, non-compliance to precautionary measures has been reported widely. Ignoring the precautionary measures may lead to quick transmission of the virus since public transport vehicles generally resemble closed-environments. This study explores people’s intentions to use public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic while adhering to precautionary measures. For this purpose, a total of 1516 useable responses were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Regression models were developed to model the intentions to use public transport during the pandemic, to adhere to the precautionary measures while using public transport during the pandemic, and to use public transport while suffering from COVID-19 disease. The results of this study will help in understanding the intentions of the public transport users during the COVID-19 pandemic. It will also provide insights for policymakers and public transport operators about further necessary actions to promote safe public transport use during the current and any possible future pandemics. As public transport use declined during the pandemic, policy implications for alternative mobility options such as demand-responsive-transport (DRT) are also presented. Considering the study results, a policy interventions framework is proposed to promote the safe use of various public transport modes, particularly in developing regions.

scholarly journals Assessing the public acceptability of proposed policy interventions to reduce the misuse of antibiotics in Australia: A report on two community juries

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Degeling ◽  
Jane Johnson ◽  
Jon Iredell ◽  
Ky-Anh Nguyen ◽  
Jacqueline M. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Public Acceptability

scholarly journals Worker Choices About Payouts in Public Pensions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Clark ◽  
Janet Raye Cowell
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
The Public ◽  
State And Local ◽  
State Employees ◽  
State Pension

This chapter reviews available data on the annuity choices offered to retirees who participate in defined benefit (DB) plans. DB plans are most commonly offered by state and local governments to their employees, and information on annuity options is readily available. The authors examine all state pension plans that cover general state employees and teachers, and develop a table showing the similarities and differences across these approximately eighty separate state retirement plans. The authors determine the proportion of retirees selecting each of the annuity options. Where possible, annuity options in the public sector are compared to those offered by private sector employers. The chapter also reviews the empirical literature on who chooses the various annuity options offered in DB plans. Finally, the authors consider the policy implications of plan design and how this affects the types of annuities offered to retirees.

scholarly journals Insurance Fraud in Korea, Its Seriousness, and Policy Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyong Jung ◽  
Byung-Jik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Insurance Fraud ◽  
The Public ◽  
Big Data Technologies ◽  
National Initiative ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Dynamic Concentration

Several characteristics of insurance fraud including its chronic nature justifies the need for identifying feasible proposals which can be expected to bring about significant impacts. Recent statistics show that insurance fraud is now consistently on the increase. However, insurance fraud is highly fragmented and each offence is not significant enough to elicit active interest among the public or interventions from the police. Three problems have been identified and diagnosed. These were a lack of awareness, an absence of a national leadership and also limited attention directed to insurance fraud by the investigating authorities. Based on these, three recommendations have been suggested. (1) Embarking on and developing a national initiative by central government, (2) Taking a dynamic concentration approach to send deterrent threats to potential fraudsters, and (3) Using big data technologies to detect clandestine activities by organised groups.

Aging Ethnicity, and the Public: Policy Implications

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Peter Kong-ming New ◽  
J. Neil Henderson ◽  
Deborah K. Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Public

Exploiting Existing Opinion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Bill Clinton ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Strategic Defense Initiative ◽  
White House ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Strategic Defense

This chapter examines how the president exploits existing opinion on policies by showing the public how its views are compatible with his policies or by increasing the salience of White House initiatives that are popular with the public. Using Abraham Lincoln as an example, the chapter explains how the president can exploit the congruence of the public’s views with those of the White House by articulating opinion in a way that clarifies its policy implications and shows the public that its wishes are consistent with his policies. It also considers how framing and priming allows the president to define what a public policy issue is about, citing the experiences of Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, and media resistance to the White House’s framing of issues. Finally, it shows how the president can influence fluid public opinion by analyzing Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative and George W. Bush’s stem cell research policy.

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