scholarly journals Factors Controlling the Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Nationwide Groundwater Quality in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9971
Author(s):  
Chang-Seong Kim ◽  
Maimoona Raza ◽  
Jin-Yong Lee ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Chanhyeok Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Land Use Types

Factors controlling the spatial distribution and temporal trend of groundwater quality at a national scale are important to investigate for sustaining livelihood and ecological balance. This study evaluated groundwater quality data for 12 parameters (n = 6405 for each parameter), collected from 97 groundwater monitoring stations (=289 monitoring wells) for ten years. Spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters varied through the regional scale. Six parameters: T, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and Cl− were having dominant increasing trend, remaining pH, Eh, Na+, K+, SO42−, and NO3− showed a dominant decreasing trend over time. Among land use types, the upland fields had the highest mean of groundwater NO3− (22.2 mg/L), confirming plenty of application of fertilizers (5–10 kg/a more than standard) to upland fields. Means of groundwater Cl− and Na+ (705.3 and 298.4 mg/L, respectively) in the residential areas are greater than those in other land use types by 408–685.9, 154.3–274.2 mg/L, respectively. Agricultural activities were the main controlling factor of groundwater NO3− contamination in rural areas, domestic activities were responsible for groundwater Cl− and Na+ in urban areas, and seawater intrusion was controlling groundwater Cl− in coastal areas (within 10 km from sea). Groundwater hydrochemistry was controlled by the mechanism of geogenic rock and evaporation dominance. The rock dominance mechanism indicated that groundwater was interacting with rocks and resulted in groundwater chemistry. The findings of this study showed that groundwater was mainly contaminated by anthropogenic factors in some rural and residential areas. Effective measures by government authorities are needed to improve the groundwater quality.

scholarly journals Contribution of Greening and High-Albedo Coatings to Improvements in the Thermal Environment in Complex Urban Areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonggeun Song ◽  
Kyunghun Park
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Field Temperature

The aim was to identify microclimate characteristics in relation to ground cover in green areas and the reflectivity of building coating materials. Furthermore, microclimate modeling of temperatures was conducted using ENVI-met, to analyze the effects of improved thermal environments based on increased green areas and increased reflectivity of exterior coatings. The accuracy of ENVI-met was validated through comparisons with field temperature measurements. The RMSE deviation of the predicted and actual field temperature values was 3–6°C; however, the explanatory power was as high as 60%. ENVI-met was performed for commercial and single residential areas that have high densities of artificial cover materials, before and after changes related to development of green areas and to increase in the reflectivity of coating materials. The results indicated that both areas exhibited distinct temperature reductions due to the creation of green spaces. When the reflectivity of the coating material was increased, a temperature increase was observed in all land-use types. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal environment of complex urban areas, it is necessary to improve green-area development and to use high-reflectivity ground and building cover materials, while taking into account the spatial characteristics of land-use types and their surrounding areas.

scholarly journals A Differentiated Spatial Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Services Based on Land Use Data in Halle, Germany

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Arnold ◽  
Janina Kleemann ◽  
Christine Fürst
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Urban Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Cooling Effects

Urban ecosystem services (ES) contribute to the compensation of negative effects caused by cities by means of, for example, reducing air pollution and providing cooling effects during the summer time. In this study, an approach is described that combines the regional biotope and land use data set, hemeroby and the accessibility of open space in order to assess the provision of urban ES. Hemeroby expresses the degree of naturalness of land use types and, therefore, provides a differentiated assessment of urban ES. Assessment of the local capacity to provide urban ES was conducted with a spatially explicit modeling approach in the city of Halle (Saale) in Germany. The following urban ES were assessed: (a) global climate regulation, (b) local climate regulation, (c) air pollution control, (d) water cycle regulation, (e) food production, (f) nature experience and (g) leisure activities. We identified areas with high and low capacity of ES in the urban context. For instance, the central parts of Halle had very low or no capacity to provide ES due to highly compact building styles and soil sealing. In contrast, peri-urban areas had particularly high capacities. The potential provision of regulating services was spatially limited due to the location of land use types that provide these services.

scholarly journals Effects of land use and water quality on greenhouse gas emissions from an urban river system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Ho ◽  
Ruben Jerves-Cobo ◽  
Matti Barthel ◽  
Johan Six ◽  
Samuel Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
River System ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Land Use Types

Abstract. Rivers act as a natural source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can be released from the metabolisms of aquatic organisms. Anthropogenic activities can largely alter the chemical composition and microbial communities of rivers, consequently affecting their GHG emissions. To investigate these impacts, we assessed the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from Cuenca urban river system (Ecuador). High variation of the emissions was found among river tributaries that mainly depended on water quality and neighboring landscapes. By using Prati and Oregon Indexes, a clear pattern was observed between water quality and GHG emissions in which the more polluted the sites were, the higher were their emissions. When river water quality deteriorated from acceptable to very heavily polluted, their global warming potential (GWP) increased by ten times. Compared to the average estimated emissions from global streams, rivers with polluted water released almost double the estimated GWP while the proportion increased to ten times for very heavily polluted rivers. Conversely, the GWP of good-water-quality rivers was half of the estimated GWP. Furthermore, surrounding land-use types, i.e. urban, roads, and agriculture, significantly affected the river emissions. The GWP of the sites close to urban areas was four time higher than the GWP of the nature sites while this proportion for the sites close to roads or agricultural areas was triple and double, respectively. Lastly, by applying random forests, we identified dissolved oxygen, ammonium, and flow characteristics as the main important factors to the emissions. Conversely, low impact of organic matter and nitrate concentration suggested a higher role of nitrification than denitrification in producing N2O. These results highlighted the impacts of land-use types on the river emissions via water contamination by sewage discharges and surface runoff. Hence, to estimate of the emissions from global streams, both their quantity and water quality should be included.

Habitat selection by river otters (Lontra canadensis) under contrasting land-use regimes

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gallant ◽  
L. Vasseur ◽  
M. Dumond ◽  
E. Tremblay ◽  
C. H. Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
River Otters ◽  
Sign Distribution

Habitat preferences of river otters ( Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) are well known, but because most studies were conducted in regions with markedly low or high levels of anthropogenic disturbances, it is not well known how their habitat usage is affected by varied anthropogenic disturbances and land-use regimes on a regional scale. We studied habitat use by otters in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, in an area having both protected and disturbed riparian habitats. Using long-range winter riparian transects, we documented activity-sign distribution along riverbanks in relation to 12 habitat factors and 9 categories of anthropogenic disturbances. We documented variables at site with activity signs and at habitat stations along riverbanks at 500 m intervals. We used logistical regressions and Akaike’s information criterion in an information–theoretic approach to compare models and determine the important factors involved. Habitat-related factors were more important than anthropogenic ones in describing habitat use. The best performing models were those incorporating both habitat and anthropogenic factors. Beaver ( Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) ponds were the most important habitat factor, while fields were the most important anthropogenic factor. Our results indicate that otters responded mostly to the presence of habitat features they use and secondarily to the presence of anthropogenic structures or activities in an area.

Modelling the spatial distribution of agricultural land use at the regional scale

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D.A Rounsevell ◽  
J.E Annetts ◽  
E Audsley ◽  
T Mayr ◽  
I Reginster
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land Use

scholarly journals Relationship Study on Land Use Spatial Distribution Structure and Energy-Related Carbon Emission Intensity in Different Land Use Types of Guangdong, China, 1996–2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Bin Xia ◽  
Lei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
Carbon Emission Intensity ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Distribution Structure ◽  
Concentration Degree

This study attempts to discuss the relationship between land use spatial distribution structure and energy-related carbon emission intensity in Guangdong during 1996–2008. We quantized the spatial distribution structure of five land use types including agricultural land, industrial land, residential and commercial land, traffic land, and other land through applying spatial Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. Then the corresponding energy-related carbon emissions in each type of land were calculated in the study period. Through building the reasonable regression models, we found that the concentration degree of industrial land is negatively correlated with carbon emission intensity in the long term, whereas the concentration degree is positively correlated with carbon emission intensity in agricultural land, residential and commercial land, traffic land, and other land. The results also indicate that land use spatial distribution structure affects carbon emission intensity more intensively than energy efficiency and production efficiency do. These conclusions provide valuable reference to develop comprehensive policies for energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in a new perspective.

scholarly journals Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran

GeoScape ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Navid Forouhar ◽  
Amir Forouhar ◽  
Mahnoosh Hasankhani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Commercial Development

Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Leptospirosis and Land Use in Bantul District, 2010-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nur Lathifah Syakbanah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
The Government

Land use is an important environmental factor in the dynamics of human health. In the case of leptospirosis, environmental transmission cycles are caused by rat transition, environmental changes and populations at risk. Utilization of GIS-based spatial analysis may help detecting distribution patterns of leptospirosis cases, allocating resources and planning effective control and surveillance programs in endemic areas. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of leptospirosis based on land use and stream flow in Bantul District, 2010-2018. This ecological study was conducted in Bantul District, Yogyakarta for 9 years. Spatial analysis overlays processed data on leptospirosis cases per village and land use maps of 2016 using QGIS 3.0. Spatial distribution of 12 of high leptospirosis villages (18-35 cases) are in residential areas, tributaries, croplands, irrigated fields, rain-fed rice fields, and plantations. Those villages was crossed by major river basin which is potentially as transmission media of leptospirosis cases after heavy rainfall. It is suggested to increase the Early Awareness and Alert (EAA) system by active surveillance of early case finding from the government and endemic villagers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document