Overcapacity Risk of China’s Coal Power Industry: A Comprehensive Assessment and Driving Factors

The comprehensive and accurate monitoring of coal power overcapacity is the key link and an important foundation for the prevention and control of overcapacity. The previous research fails to fully consider the impact of the industry correlation effect; making it difficult to reflect the state of overcapacity accurately. In this paper; we comprehensively consider the fundamentals; supply; demand; economic and environmental performance of the coal power industry and its upstream; downstream; competitive; and complementary industries to construct an index system for assessing coal power overcapacity risk. Besides; a new evaluation model based on a correlation-based feature selection-association rules-data envelopment analysis (CFS-ARs-DEA) integrated algorithm is proposed by using a data-driven model. The results show that from 2008 to 2017; the risk of coal power overcapacity in China presented a cyclical feature of “decline-rise-decline”, and the risk level has remained high in recent years. In addition to the impact of supply and demand; the environmental benefits and fundamentals of related industries also have a significant impact on coal power overcapacity. Therefore; it is necessary to monitor and govern coal power overcapacity from the overall perspective of the industrial network, and coordinate the advancement of environmental protection and overcapacity control.

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Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-020-01353-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarker Masud Parvez ◽

Musarrat Jabeen Rahman ◽

Rashidul Azad ◽

Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Leanne Unicomb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Efficacy Trial ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Link Type ◽

Education Levels ◽

Change Promotion ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Supply driven programs that are not closely connected to community demand and demand-driven programs that fail to ensure supply both risk worsening inequity. Understanding patterns of uptake of behaviors among the poorest under ideal experimental conditions, such as those of an efficacy trial, can help identify strategies that could be strengthened in routine programmatic conditions for more equitable uptake. WASH Benefits Bangladesh was a randomized controlled efficacy trial that provided free-of cost WASH hardware along with behavior change promotion. The current paper aimed to determine the impact of the removal of supply and demand constraints on the uptake of handwashing and sanitation behaviors across wealth and education levels. Methods The current analysis selected 4 indicators from the WASH Benefits trial— presence of water and soap in household handwashing stations, observed mother’s hand cleanliness, observed visible feces on latrine slab or floor and reported last child defecation in potty or toilet. A baseline assessment was conducted immediately after enrolment and endline assessment was conducted approximately 2 years later. We compared change in uptake of these indicators including wealth quintiles (Q) between intervention and control groups from baseline to endline. Results For hand cleanliness, the poorest mothers improved more [Q1 difference in difference, DID: 16% (7, 25%)] than the wealthiest mothers [Q5 DID: 7% (− 4, 17%)]. The poorest households had largest improvements for observed presence of water and soap in handwashing station [Q1 DID: 82% (75, 90%)] compared to the wealthiest households [Q5 DID: 39% (30, 50%)]. Similarly, poorer household demonstrated greater reductions in visible feces on latrine slab or floor [Q1DID, − 25% (− 35, − 15) Q2: − 34% (− 44, − 23%)] than the wealthiest household [Q5 DID: − 1% (− 11, 8%). For reported last child defecation in potty or toilet, the poorest mothers showed greater improvement [Q1–4 DID: 50–54% (44, 60%)] than the wealthier mothers [Q5 DID: 39% (31, 46%). Conclusion By simultaneously addressing supply and demand-constraints among the poorest, we observed substantial overall improvements in equity. Within scaled-up programs, a separate targeted strategy that relaxes constraints for the poorest can improve the equity of a program. Trial registration WASH Benefits Bangladesh: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01590095. Date of registration: April 30, 2012 ‘Retrospectively registered’.

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Achieving Equitable Uptake of Handwashing and Sanitation by Addressing Both Supply and Demand-based Constraints: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68489/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarker Masud Parvez ◽

Musarrat Jabeen Rahman ◽

Rashidul Azad ◽

Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Leanne Unicomb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Efficacy Trial ◽

Control Groups ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Education Levels ◽

Change Promotion ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Supply driven programs that are not closely connected to community demand and demand-driven programs that fail to ensure supply both risk worsening inequity. Understanding patterns of uptake of behaviors among the poorest under ideal experimental conditions, such as those of an efficacy trial, can help identify strategies that could be strengthened in routine programmatic conditions for more equitable uptake. WASH Benefits Bangladesh was a randomized controlled efficacy trial that provided free-of cost WASH hardware along with behavior change promotion. The current paper aimed to determine the impact of the removal of supply and demand constraints on the uptake of handwashing and sanitation behaviors across wealth and education levels.Methods: The current analysis selected 4 indicators from the WASH Benefits trial— presence of water and soap in household handwashing stations, observed mother’s hand cleanliness, observed visible feces on latrine slab or floor and reported last child defecation in potty or toilet. A baseline assessment was conducted immediately after enrolment and endline assessment was conducted approximately 2 years later. We compared change in uptake of these indicators including wealth quintiles (Q) between intervention and control groups from baseline to endline.Results: For hand cleanliness, the poorest mothers improved more (Q1 difference in difference, DID: 16%) than the wealthiest mothers (Q5 DID: 7%). The poorest households had largest improvements for observed presence of water and soap in handwashing station (Q1 DID: 82%) compared to the wealthiest households (Q5 DID: 39%). Similarly, poorer household demonstrated greater reductions in visible feces on latrine slab or floor (Q1DID, -25% Q2: -34%) than the wealthiest household (Q5 DID: -1%). For reported last child defecation in potty or toilet, the poorest mothers showed greater improvement (Q1-4 DID: 50-54%) than the wealthier mothers (Q5 DID: 39%). Conclusion: By simultaneously addressing supply and demand-constraints among the poorest, we observed substantial overall improvements in equity. Within scaled-up programs, a separate targeted strategy that relaxes constraints for the poorest can improve the equity of a program. Trial registration: WASH Benefits Bangladesh: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01590095. Date of registration: April 30, 2012 ‘Retrospectively registered’URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01590095

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Assessment of potential sediment disasters and resilience management of mountain roads using environmental indicators

Natural Hazards ◽

10.1007/s11069-021-05126-5 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Chao-Yuan Lin ◽

Yuan-Chung Lai ◽

Shao-Wei Wu ◽

Fan-Chung Mo ◽

Cheng-Yu Lin

Keyword(s):

Hot Spot ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Risk Level ◽

Rain Event ◽

Event Correlation ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Road Slope

AbstractIn recent years, extreme rainfall events occur frequently, causing serious watershed sediment disasters, destroying mountain roads, and endangering the safety of residents' lives and property. This study aims to deal with the spatial change of potential sediment movement on the road slope pre-disaster and to screen disaster hot spots for early warning and control system. The conceptual model is used to simulate the distribution of primary and/or derived disasters on a watershed scale to assess the impact of sediment disasters caused by heavy rain event. Correlation analysis shows that the models in assessment of primary disaster and derived disaster are significantly correlated with the collapse ratio and disaster ratio, respectively. Since the primary disaster has been considered when calculating the derived disaster risk, the terrain subdivision along Provincial Highway 21 (Tai-21) is extracted to understand the derived sediment disaster on the road slope. The model can effectively evaluate the road sections prone to disasters. According to the risk level, the hot spot of road slope disasters and the management of disaster resilience are determined and can be the reference for disaster prevention and control.

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Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh

10.21203/rs.3.rs-68489/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarker Masud Parvez ◽

Musarrat Jabeen Rahman ◽

Rashidul Azad ◽

Mahbubur Rahman ◽

Leanne Unicomb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Efficacy Trial ◽

Control Groups ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Education Levels ◽

Change Promotion ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Supply driven programs that are not closely connected to community demand and demand-driven programs that fail to ensure supply both risk worsening inequity. Understanding patterns of uptake of behaviors among the poorest under ideal experimental conditions, such as those of an efficacy trial, can help identify strategies that could be strengthened in routine programmatic conditions for more equitable uptake. WASH Benefits Bangladesh was a randomized controlled efficacy trial that provided free-of cost WASH hardware along with behavior change promotion. The current paper aimed to determine the impact of the removal of supply and demand constraints on the uptake of handwashing and sanitation behaviors across wealth and education levels.Methods: The current analysis selected 4 indicators from the WASH Benefits trial— presence of water and soap in household handwashing stations, observed mother’s hand cleanliness, observed visible feces on latrine slab or floor and reported last child defecation in potty or toilet. A baseline assessment was conducted immediately after enrolment and endline assessment was conducted approximately 2 years later. We compared change in uptake of these indicators including wealth quintiles (Q) between intervention and control groups from baseline to endline.Results: For hand cleanliness, the poorest mothers improved more [Q1 difference in difference, DID: 16% (7, 25%)] than the wealthiest mothers [Q5 DID: 7% (-4, 17%)]. The poorest households had largest improvements for observed presence of water and soap in handwashing station [Q1 DID: 82% (75, 90%)] compared to the wealthiest households [Q5 DID: 39% (30, 50%)]. Similarly, poorer household demonstrated greater reductions in visible feces on latrine slab or floor [Q1DID, -25% (-35, -15) Q2: -34% (-44, -23%)] than the wealthiest household [Q5 DID: -1% (-11, 8%). For reported last child defecation in potty or toilet, the poorest mothers showed greater improvement [Q1-4 DID: 50-54% (44, 60%)] than the wealthier mothers [Q5 DID: 39% (31, 46%). Conclusion: By simultaneously addressing supply and demand-constraints among the poorest, we observed substantial overall improvements in equity. Within scaled-up programs, a separate targeted strategy that relaxes constraints for the poorest can improve the equity of a program. Trial registration: WASH Benefits Bangladesh: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01590095. Date of registration: April 30, 2012 ‘Retrospectively registered’URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01590095

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Study of work postures and ergonomic interventions at the Pvc Pipe Fittings Manufacturing Company

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.18502/tkj.v11i2.2629 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Asgari ◽

Gholamhosein Halvani ◽

Majid Zarinkafsh

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Work Experience ◽

Human Error ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Risk Level ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Level 3 ◽

And Control ◽

Ergonomic Interventions ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in work environments. Performing programs to identify and control the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and to carry out corrective actions to improve working conditions is important because of the impact on the health of the workforce.Methods: In this study, the presence of various shifts in the operating rooms and the training and justification of the employees of this department regarding its study and its objectives, the steps of the work of the operating room staff in various occupations were observed and existing documents and guidelines were reviewed. The main steps, including hierarchical analyzes of businesses, identifying errors in terms of each task and sub task, completing other parts of the work sheet, and determining the probability of human error and providing the prioritized control strategies in the next steps, was carried out. Results: Based on the results of Nordic questionnaire, age, work experience and higher weight were associated with musculoskeletal pain in most of the organs. Also taller was associated with back and waist pain and older age with pain and discomfort in the palms, knees and ankles (p <0.05). Based on the results of posture assessment, RULA 2 has a risk level of 4, 2 tasks Risk level 3 and 2 were risk level 2, which after the implementation of the interventions, a number of risk levels were eliminated in general and a number decreased. Conclusion: Despite the high risk of musculoskeletal disorders in this industry, ergonomic interventions reduced risk to the desired level.

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Assessment of the credit risk of Poland based on sovereign credit default swap spreads during the Covid-19 pandemic

Ekonomia i Prawo ◽

10.12775/eip.2021.030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 497-511

Author(s):

Maria Czech

Keyword(s):

Credit Risk ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Credit Default Swap ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Level ◽

Macroeconomic Factors ◽

Supply And Demand Shocks ◽

The Impact

Motivation: SCDS contracts, based on treasury bonds, are used to assess credit risk. Observation of changes in these instruments provides information on the current economic situation of individual countries. By correlating them with the economic assessment of individual countries, SCDS indicate the risk level of bankruptcy of a given country and thus play an informative role on the global financial market. Aim: The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the level of credit risk in Poland. This aim will be achieved by determining the level and the dynamics of changes of SCDS spreads, and by identifying the determinants of changes in the level of SCDS spreads before and after the pandemic. The study hypothesises that as a result of the supply and demand shocks caused by the outbreak of the Covid-19, the level of Polish SCDS spreads increased due to macroeconomic factors. Results: The results of the study confirmed that due to the panic, Poland’s credit risk increased dynamically in the first stage of the Covid-19. However, over time, the level of credit risk in Poland decreased. Nevertheless, the reduction in Poland’s credit risk is accompanied by an increase in public debt, with a simultaneous deterioration in macroeconomic indicators. This evidence suggests that SCDS spreads are not capable of reflecting the foundations of the economy during uncertainty. The results of this study indicate that the fundamental determinants of credit risk changes occurred before and during the pandemic. However, the results showed that the magnitude of their impact on credit risk is different. Multiple linear regression analysis also showed that during the Covid-19, macroeconomic factors showed a significantly higher degree of correlation with credit risk compared to non-economic factors directly related to the effects of the pandemic.

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Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

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Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 238-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paul W. C. Wong ◽

Wincy S. C. Chan ◽

Philip S. L. Beh ◽

Fiona W. S. Yau ◽

Paul S. F. Yip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

Research Participation ◽

Self Report ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Psychological Autopsy ◽

Autopsy Study ◽

The People ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

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