scholarly journals Assessing the Relationship between Economic Growth and Emissions Levels in South Africa between 1994 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Lerato Shikwambana ◽  
Paidamwoyo Mhangara ◽  
Mahlatse Kganyago
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study is to establish whether there is any relationship between economic growth and emission levels for pollutants (namely carbon dioxide (CO2), black carbon (BC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO)) in South Africa, for the period from 1994 to 2019. Data from the world bank, namely gross domestic product (GDP) and CO2 emissions, were used. BC, SO2, and CO data were obtained from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). The linear correlation coefficient and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis test were used to determine the relationships. The sequential Mann–Kendall (SQMK) test was further used to study the trends. A correlation coefficient of 0.84, which indicates a strong positive linear correlation, between GDP and CO2 emission was observed. However, the relationship between GDP and CO concentration showed a correlation coefficient of −0.05, indicating no linear relationship between the two variables. The EKC hypothesis showed an N-shape for SO2 and CO. Overall, the results of this study indicate that emissions levels are generally correlated with economic growth. Therefore, a stringent regulatory system is needed to curtail the high emissions levels observed in this study, given the devastating impacts of global warming already ravaging the world.

scholarly journals Do Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Decouple in China? An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hao ◽  
Zirui Huang ◽  
Haitao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

Global warming has emerged as a serious threat to humans and sustainable development. China is under increasing pressure to curb its carbon emissions as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. By combining the Tapio decoupling model and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, this paper explores the relationship between China’s carbon emissions and economic growth. Based on panel data of 29 provinces from 2007 to 2016, this paper quantitatively estimates the nexus of carbon emissions and economic development for the whole nation and the decoupling status of individual provinces. There is empirical evidence for the conventional EKC hypothesis, showing that the relationship between carbon emissions and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is an inverted U shape and that the inflection point will not be attained soon. Moreover, following the estimation results of the Tapio decoupling model, there were significant differences between individual provinces in decoupling status. As a result, differentiated and targeted environmental regulations and policies regarding energy consumption and carbon emissions should be reasonably formulated for different provinces and regions based on the corresponding level of economic development and decoupling status.

Theory of Environmental Kuznets Curve

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1697-1702
Author(s):  
Lan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Pollution Emission ◽  
Optimal Growth Path ◽  
The Relationship

The paper develops a two-state-variable environmental growth model to derive the optimal growth path for the relationship between pollution and economic growth, which is used to verify the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. It is found that the theoretical outcomes imply the existence of the EKC relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth, which is dependent on the combining effects of the pollution intensity, abatement technology of pollution emission, production technology, and the return rate of capital stock.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Perspective of Sustainable Development in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 09021
Author(s):  
Citrasmara Galuh Nuansa ◽  
Wahyu Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Relationship

Sustainable development with three main pillars, namely environmental, economic, and social, is the concept of country’s development to achieve inclusive economic growth, good environmental quality, and improvement of people's welfare. However, the dominance of economic factors cause various environmental problem. This phenomenon occurs in most of developing countries, including in Indonesia. The relationship between economic activity and environmental quality has been widely discussed and empirically tested by scholars. This descriptive research analysed the hypothesis called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) from a perspective of sustainable development in Indonesia. EKC hypothesis illustrates the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation forming an inverted U-curve, indicating that at the beginning of development, environmental quality will decrease along with increasing economic growth, and then reached a certain point the environmental quality will gradually improve. In this paper will be discussed how the relationship between environmental quality and economic growth in Indonesia was investigated. The preliminary results show that most of the empirical studies use the conventional approach, in which the CO2 emission used as the proxy of environmental degradation. The existence of inverted U-curve is also inconclusive. Therefore, the extension research on the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in Indonesia using the EKC hypothesis is required.

Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Critical Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trade And Growth

The relationship between economic growth and environmental quality has been under much dispute. Over the years, several studies have identified inverted-U shaped relationships between per capita income and some measure of environmental degradation. This has led to the emergence of a burgeoning literature on what has come to be known about as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). According to the EKC hypothesis, environmental damage increases in the early stages of economic growth, but diminishes once nations reach higher levels of income. This literature is important as it acknowledges the possibility of trade and growth being good for the environment. Against this backdrop, we have attempted to give an overview of some of the studies published on EKC and subsequently critically appraised the same. The EKC has been criticised for its simplified assumptions and the literature appears to be largely econometrically weak. It has been shown to apply to select environmental indicators for certain countries; hence its validity as a universal phenomenon remains questionable. Owing to global implications of environmental degradation, more efforts are required to examine the validity of EKC as a global phenomenon by relating a composite index of environmental degradation to a better measure of economic development across nations.

Research on the Relationship between Economic Development and Environmental Quality Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve

2011 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Jin Ying Li ◽  
Ya Jun Wei ◽  
Peng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
The Relationship

With economy growth and industrialization, resources and environmental issues become seriously increasingly. People argue about that economy growth is whether the reason for environmental issues or the dynamic of resolving environmental issues. This argue give rise to the research upsurge of the relation of environment and economy. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is the most typical among those. EKC is applied to analyze the relationship between economic growth and the changes of environment quality, it aims to provide a scientific reference for the decision-making policies of relevant department.

scholarly journals Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve Exist? An International Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutnaree Maneejuk ◽  
Sutthipat Ratchakom ◽  
Paravee Maneejuk ◽  
Woraphon Yamaka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the relationship between economic development and environmental degradation based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The level of CO2 emissions is used as the indicator of environmental damage to determine whether or not greater economic growth can lower environmental degradation under the EKC hypothesis. The investigation was performed on eight major international economic communities covering 44 countries across the world. The relationship between economic growth and environmental condition was estimated using the kink regression model, which identifies the turning point of the change in the relationship. The findings indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in only three out of the eight international economic communities, namely the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and Group of Seven (G7). In addition, interesting results were obtained from the inclusion of four other control variables into the estimation model for groups of countries to explain the impact on environmental quality. Financial development (FIN), the industrial sector (IND), and urbanization (URB) were found to lead to increasing CO2 emissions, while renewable energies (RNE) appeared to reduce the environmental degradation. In addition, when we further investigated the existence of the EKC hypothesis in an individual country, the results showed that the EKC hypothesis is valid in only 9 out of the 44 individual countries.

scholarly journals A Literature Survey of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127
Author(s):  
Petar Mitić ◽  
Milena Kresoja ◽  
Jelena Minović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1970s, the issue of environmental degradation has received considerable attention. Environmental Kuznets curve is one of the most well-known hypotheses that explains the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution. It represents an important model that enables policymakers to deliver quality information-based decisions. In this paper we provide the theoretical framework of the Environmental Kuznets curve and examine existing literature on the EKC hypothesis. The systematic literary survey includes studies conducted for single countries as well as for group of countries. The most of the studies were testing empirically existence of inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions. Due to the chosen time period, set of independent variables and methodological framework, the results are inconclusive in nature, which is consistent with previous literature surveys on the same topic.

The Relationship between Economic Growth and Municipal Solid Waste & Testing the EKC Hypothesis: Analysis for Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema Ghazi Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Relationship

This paper empirically investigates two main points: application of the VECM test to examine the relationship between economic growth and municipal solid waste (MSW) generation using municipal services, GDP and population growth; and the application of the OLS regression to validate the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for MSW over the period of 1980-2012 in Saudi Arabia. The results show that there is a long-standing relationship between the variables under examination, and that the EKC hypothesis is not valid for MSW in Saudi Arabia. Even though there is an inverted U-shaped because the turning point is very high compared with GDP in that period. Saudi Arabia needs to implement new policies and adopt new technologies that help to reduce MSW generation in order to achieve sustainable development in future.

scholarly journals Intensity Of Energy Use In The U.S.A.: 1949 - 2003

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Chima
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The particular role that energy plays in the economy of a country, and the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth are of interest to researchers, analysts, and policymakers. Energy consumption can be seen as either a cause of, or a symptom of economic growth. Therefore, understanding the nature of the interactions between energy consumption and gross domestic product (GDP) can help guide energy policies. This paper examines the energy-GDP relationship in the U.S.A. One common method used in analyzing the energy-GDP relationship is energy intensity (also called the intensity of energy use (IEU)), which is the amount of energy required to produce a unit of income (GDP). The paper begins with a substantial literature review of energy intensity studies from around the world. A summary of the findings is discussed, including the factors that were found to directly influence the intensity of energy use. The Kuznets environmental curve is then presented and used in developing a model for the IEU. The model is then tested with data for the U.S.A. from 1949 &ndash; to 2003. The results show that energy consumption is very sensitive to energy prices, which in turn impacts the GDP, and that the IEU has declined in the U.S.A. for the period tested, fitting the downward slopping segment of the Kuznets curve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>These results imply that energy conservation policies are desirable. </span></span></p>

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