scholarly journals Constructability Analyses of Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Soo-Yeon Seo ◽  
Byunghee Lee ◽  
Jongsung Won
Keyword(s):  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Construction Scheduling ◽  
Vertical Extension ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Cost Constraints

Remodeling underground structures requires careful construction planning, including consideration of costs and scheduling. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the effects of four methods for vertically extending the underground spaces of an existing building under scheduling and cost constraints. The study considers the following extension methods: (1) bottom-up method, (2) normal top-down method after demolition, (3) normal top-down method in parallel with demolition, and (4) top-down method using double beams in parallel with demolition. Twelve illustrative examples are presented to investigate the constructability of these methods in terms of construction scheduling and costs. The construction durations and costs of each example is calculated and compared. We also analyze the structural stability of the examples using MIDAS Gen 2017. We conclude that the top-down method using double beams is the most efficient method in terms of costs and scheduling. The results and analysis process can help practitioners to select appropriate methods to expand underground spaces without demolishing entire existing buildings and efficiently manage costs and schedules. In future studies, these extension methods should be applied to real-world projects in various countries to validate and verify their actual effects on construction costs and scheduling.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Economic Impacts of Sustainable Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-yeon Seo ◽  
Byunghee Lee ◽  
Jongsung Won
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Vertical Extension ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Construction Techniques

Without demolishing an entire existing building, it is possible to sustainably expand its underground spaces to enhance the building’s functionality. However, there have been a few relevant studies exploring this option, and they did not consider the financial feasibilities of underground vertical extension methods. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic impacts of three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces. The extension methods were the (1) bottom-up, (2) normal top-down, and (3) top-down with multi-post downward (MPD) methods. In order to analyze and compare the economic impacts of the underground vertical extension methods, 24 illustrative examples were generated in this paper. Construction costs of the three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces are calculated and compared. Those are based on the quantity of used materials in the construction phase and dismantled materials in the demolition phase, as well as unit costs of each material. In addition, the structural stabilities of the examples are analyzed using MIDAS Gen 2017. As the results, the top-down method with MPD was the lowest sustainable method for vertically expanding underground spaces compared to other two methods under the same condition. Moreover, the higher the number of underground floors of existing buildings and the greater the number of extended basement floors, the more economically advantageous was the top-down method with MPD. Considering their structural stabilities and economic impacts of the extension methods help practitioners to select appropriate construction techniques and reduce costs, risks, and the amount of generated construction and demolition waste.

scholarly journals Vertical Extension and Improving of Existing Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Artés ◽  
Gerardo Wadel ◽  
Núria Martí
Keyword(s):  
Low Density ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Vertical Extension ◽  
Urban Models ◽  
First Results ◽  
Space Characteristic

Low-density urban models, widely diffused in Spain until 2008, have been strongly criticized because they produce a great strain on the land, high infrastructure costs, increasing maintenance expenses, energy waste and pollution from excessive transport, time wasted commuting and more bedroom communities. To counterbalance this effect, opponents are claiming for a review of the capacity that the conventional city, with its higher population density and mixed uses, may still possess. One possibility that has been explored is the vertical extension of buildings, which capitalizes on the remaining buildable space characteristic of many older buildings, and at the same time, refurbishes the housing block and improves standards of energy efficiency, safety and accessibility. The challenge is not only technical - it is clear what needs to be done and how to do it - but it is also social and fiscal; in other words, how do we get organized and how do we finance such a project? The preferred construction system for vertical extensions is industrialized and uses two main materials: steel and wood. The system involves the use of two-dimensional panels and 3D pods that, once completed in the factory, are transported to the worksite, lifted by a crane and installed on the roof of the building. From refurbishing the existing building to adding the new vertical extension, the entire operation takes four months. The experience of this vision and its application in the area of the Example in Barcelona, coming soon to other central neighborhoods in Spanish cities, allows us to present our first results: the detection of over 2,000 buildings with remaining buildable space, the need to vertically extend 50 buildings and our completed projects, in some cases already inhabited, of which half a dozen are currently undergoing environmental evaluation using our own tool.

Review of methods for evaluating adaptability of buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoraya Roldán Rockow ◽  
Brandon Ross ◽  
Anna K. Black
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Adaptation Decision ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Context Features ◽  
New Buildings

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a review of existing models and tools for evaluating the adaptability of buildings. A baseline of the current state of the art in adaptability evaluation and adaptation decision support is established; from this baseline, gaps for future research are recommended. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted to identify papers describing adaptability models and tools. The identified models were characterized based on their focus (new buildings, existing buildings, building life cycle), considered variables (physical and/or context features) and degree/type of validation. Findings Models can be grouped as those focusing on: evaluating adaptation decisions for existing buildings; the design of new buildings for future adaptation; and understanding adaptation throughout a building life cycle. Models focusing on existing building evaluation are further in development and validation than the other model types; as such, they are more suitable for use by practitioners. Another finding is that modeling of adaptability in buildings is still in its nascent stage and that data-driven quantitative modeling is a prime area for future research. Originality/value This paper is the first comprehensive review of models and tools for evaluating adaptability. Other works have evaluated the topic of adaptability more broadly, but this is the first paper to systematically characterize existing models and tools. Based on the review future, research topics are recommended.

Maximizing sustainability of existing buildings within limited upgrade budgets

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moatassem Abdallah ◽  
Boateng Akyeampong ◽  
Khaled El-Rayes
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Certification Programs ◽  
Green Certification ◽  
Selection Of

Existing buildings, especially aging ones, are currently in urgent need of upgrading to improve their performance and potentially achieve green certification. Building owners often need to identify and implement building upgrades that maximize the sustainability of their buildings as well as achieve green certification programs such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). This paper presents the development of an optimization model that maximizes the number of earned LEED points for existing buildings within a specified upgrade budget. A case study of an existing building is used to demonstrate the use of the optimization model and illustrate its capabilities. This research presents new methodology for optimizing the selection of building upgrades to maximize the sustainability of existing buildings and achieve green certification within limited budgets. The present model is expected to support decision-makers, building owners and operators, building managers, and contractors to optimize the use of their upgrade budgets and maximize sustainability of their buildings.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK PEMBUKAAN GALIAN UNTUK CONNECTING BASEMENT TERHADAP BANGUNAN EKSISTING DENGAN METODE FINITE ELEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Della Amelia ◽  
Inda Sumarli ◽  
Ali Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Diaphragm Wall ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Static Conditions

In a deep excavation construction that adjacent to the existing buildings there is a concern that it will have a bad impact or effect on adjacent buildings.  The effect of deep excavation induced deformation of the existing structures due to ground movements and ground surface settlement behind the wall which can cause a tilt of the building. The objective of this study is to observe the effect of deep excavation (7 storey basement) adjacent to the existing buildings with 7 and 5 storey basement located in South Jakarta. The basement is connected to the basement of the existing building so that the effect of diaphragm wall opening for connecting basement towards the substructures of the existing building is observed. This study was conducted by observing the deformation that occurs in the diaphragm of the existing building, and also observing the internal forces acting on the basement floors slabs of the existing buildings. Observations were made using a three-dimensional finite element program with the most commonly used material model for analysis of deep excavation, The Hardening Soil Model. The analysis was performed with drained conditions with phreatic calculation type and only calculated the static conditions. Results indicate that the deflection that occurs after the final stage of excavation is still within the allowable limit according to the SNI 8460:2017, which is less than 14 centimeters on the diaphragm wall of the existing buildings. Keywords: Deep Excavation; Connecting Basement; Diaphragm Wall; Hardening Soil; Finite Element AbstrakPada suatu konstruksi galian dalam yang berdekatan dengan suatu bangunan lain dikhawatirkan akan memberikan dampak atau efek yang buruk terhadap bangunan di sekitarnya. Efek dari galian dalam tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya deformasi pada struktur dari bangunan di sekitarnya akibat dari pergerakan tanah dan penurunan permukaan tanah di belakang dinding yang dapat menyebabkan bangunan tersebut menjadi miring. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengamati pengaruh pekerjaan galian dalam (basement dengan 7 lantai) yang berdekatan dengan bangunan sekitar dengan basement 5 lantai dan 7 lantai yang berlokasi di Jakarta Selatan. Basement yang dimodelkan terkoneksi dengan basement dari bangunan eksisting sehingga diamati pengaruh bukaan dinding diafragma untuk connecting basement terhadap struktur bawah bangunan eksisting. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat deformasi yang terjadi pada dinding diafragma dari bangunan eksisting, dan juga mengamati gaya-gaya dalam yang bekerja pada pelat lantai basement dari bangunan eksisting. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan program elemen hingga tiga dimensi dengan model material yang paling umum digunakan yaitu Hardening Soil untuk analisis galian dalam. Analisis dilakukan dengan kondisi drained dengan tipe kalkulasi phreatic serta hanya memperhitungkan keadaan static. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa defleksi yang terjadi setelah tahapan terakhir pekerjaan galian dalam yaitu masih dalam batas yang diijinkan menurut SNI 8460:2017 yaitu dibawah dari 14 cm pada dinding diafragma bangunan eksisting. 

scholarly journals A Digital-Twin Evaluation of Net Zero Energy Building for Existing Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen ◽  
Panrawee Rungskunroch ◽  
Joshua Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Uk

With buildings around the world accounting for nearly one-third of global energy demand and the availability of fossil fuels constantly on the decline, there is a need to ensure that this energy demand is efficiently and effectively managed using renewable energy now more than ever. Most research and case studies have focused on energy efficiency of ‘new’ buildings. In this study, both technical and financial viability of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) for ‘existing’ buildings will be highlighted. A rigorous review of open literatures concerning seven principal areas that in themselves define the concept of NZEB building is carried out. In practice, a suitable option of the NZEB solutions is needed for the evaluation and improvement for a specific geographical area. The evaluation and improvement has been carried out using a novel hierarchy-flow chart coupled with a Building Information Model (BIM). This BIM or digital twin is then used to thoroughly visualize each option, promote collaboration among stakeholders, and accurately estimate associated costs and associated technical issues encountered with producing an NZEB in a pre-determined location. This paper also provides a future model for NZEB applications in existing buildings, which applies renewable technologies to the building by aiming to identify ultimate benefit of the building especially in terms of effectiveness and efficiency in energy consumption. It is revealed that the digital twin is proven to be feasible for all renewable technologies applied on the NZEB buildings. Based on the case study in the UK, it can be affirmed that the suitable NZEB solution for an existing building can achieve the 23 year return period.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mould growth risks due to air leakage through air cavity of the building walls

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Dang ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Changchang Xia ◽  
Ma Yan
Keyword(s):  
Measured Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Air Cavity ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Hygrothermal Simulation ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Mould growth causes damage and poses high risk to a large number of existing buildings and their users. Air leakage through air cavity of the building walls, such as gaps between walls and some pipes penetrating the walls, produces obvious hygrothermal exchange, altering the temperature and humidity distribution of the walls. It would promote condensation and mould growth. Air cavity are common on the walls of existing buildings. In order to make a quantitative analysis on the mould growth risks due to air leakage through air cavity, an office room in an existing building in Nanjing, China was selected and hygrothermometers were arranged indoor and outdoor for monitoring. The measured results showed the room was in high temperature and relative humidity from June to early September. Two-dimensional hygrothermal simulation was made to investigate the hygrothermal conditions of the walls with air cavity, using the measured data as boundary conditions and validation for the numerical simulation. Mould growth risks under these situations were estimated.

Analysis about Existing Buildings for Energy Saving

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Wang ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
Ya Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Policy Suggestion ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
The Doors

Along with the quick development of social economy, consumption of the energy is more and more serious. Saving energy’s reformation not only can lower a building energy effectively but also can improve the environment of the inner and exterior of building. For improving the quality level of life, it has very aggressive meaning. Existing building consuming energy is serious in all buildings.Its economy energy reformation is particularly important. The paper set out a few current aspects economize on energy the technique project from the doors and windows, out wall, and roof etc. and policy suggestion of reformation from the actual circumstance.

Decision making criteria for adaptive reuse strategy in UNESCO world heritage city

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzalifah Mohamed ◽  
Kartina Alauddin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Decision Making Criteria

Purpose Within the next 20–30 years, adaptive reuse will have the greatest potential to reduce the built environment's environmental impact. Despite this, stakeholders still do not have sufficient points of reference in justifying and evaluating their adaptation practice decisions. The decision to reuse a building involves a complex set of considerations, including economic, social, environmental, legislative and architectural issues. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the unique decision-making criteria among stakeholders when considering adaptive reuse of an existing building asset in Malaysian heritage cities. Design/Methodology/Approach Thirty (30) unique criteria of decision-making were identified through a detailed literature review. The quantitative method of a self-completion questionnaire survey was conducted among stakeholders, including architects, valuers, planners, government department, developers and building owners. There were asked about their opinion and view on the criteria that could have influenced the decision-making in considering the adaptive reuse of the existing buildings in two heritage cities in the states of Penang and Malacca, Malaysia. Thus, it is the aim of this paper to evaluate and reveal the key criteria pertaining to this. Findings The analysis shows that there are seven key criteria that influence the decision-making of adaptive reuse of existing building: building value; building suitability; structural condition; official plan and zoning; building code; client requirement and heritage designated. In this regard, while “building value” factors were the key determinants in deciding whether to reuse or demolish, the asset’s suitability and structural condition, as well as rules, were also taken into account. Additionally, the environmental, economic and social tenets of sustainability were also identified as important, but were given less weight in matters concerning reuse. And due to the fact that many of the existing buildings are rapidly becoming obsolete, they are now increasingly being prioritized during the adaptive reuse decision-making process to ensure long-term outcomes. Research Limitations/Implications The research is limited owing to the difficulty in obtaining accurate information concerning the number of decision agents who have been involved in the adaptive reuse of existing buildings. Thus, the respondents in this research were randomly selected. Due to this limitation, the result does not encompass the whole Malaysia, only the stakeholders in Penang and Malacca have been selected the respondents in this study as these states are listed in the UNESCO World Heritage. Social Implications When deciding whether to reuse or demolish an existing building, the proposed criteria will outline the crucial areas that must be examined by owners, developers and key project stakeholders. It can also be used to assess the financial, physical and social aspects of a cultural project. Originality/Value This paper adds to the body of knowledge concerning decision-making criteria for adaptive reuse strategies in achieving heritage city sustainability.

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