scholarly journals Analysis of Changes in Suitable Habitat Areas of Paridae through Rooftop Greening Simulation—Case Study of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4514
Author(s):  
Kyung Youl Baek ◽  
Ho Gul Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Kil
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Habitat Area ◽  
Usage Area

As many people live in cities that lack green space, biodiversity in such areas is decreasing. Suwon, the study site, a city that strives to improve its biodiversity, is close to the capital city of the Republic of Korea (ROK), and has a large population. This study aims to identify habitat-suitable areas using the longitudinal distribution model in Suwon-si, examine habitat changes when rooftop greening scenarios are applied to various use areas, and distinguish efficient use areas to expand the number of forms. To establish a rooftop greening creation scenario, the area was calculated based on the rooftop greening promotion plan in the metropolitan area, and a representative use area where rooftop greening can be applied was selected. To generate a scenario for creating rooftop greening, the property of the green area was assigned to the corresponding use area, and it was produced as an environmental variable, while the species distribution model was driven. As a result of the study, the area of increase in habitat area according to the rooftop greening for each usage area was derived, and the efficiency of the increase in habitat area compared to the rooftop greening area for each usage area was derived. To improve biodiversity in Suwon-si, rooftop greening in residential areas was found to be the most efficient, and rooftop greening efficiency in commercial areas was the lowest. It is expected that information on the increase and efficiency of the habitat of the wild birds due to rooftop greening by area of use derived from this study will help establish a rooftop greening plan and support decision-making to promote biodiversity in the city.

scholarly journals The mismatch between location of protected areas and suitable habitat for the Vulnerable taruka Hippocamelus antisensis

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mata ◽  
Nicolás Fuentes-Allende ◽  
Juan E. Malo ◽  
André Vielma ◽  
Benito A. González
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Core Habitat ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Educational Programmes

AbstractProtected areas help to decrease human impacts on threatened mammals but do not always include species’ core habitats. Here we focus on the Vulnerable taruka Hippocamelus antisensis near the Atacama Desert, Chile, a population that is mainly threatened by interactions with local human communities. We develop a species distribution model for taruka and assess the contribution of protected areas to safeguarding its preferred habitat. From sightings (collected during 2004–2015), absence records (collected in 2014), and environmental variables, we determined that taruka habitat is scarce, highly fragmented and limited to humid areas. Only 7.7–11.2% of the taruka's core habitat is under protection. We recommend the establishment of a protected area in the south of Arica-Parinacota district, an area without settlements that lies within the taruka's core habitat, along with educational programmes, fencing of crops, and inclusion of communities in decision-making in areas where farmer–taruka interactions are negative.

scholarly journals Estimating the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins with species distribution model

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12001
Author(s):  
Jinbo Fu ◽  
Linlin Zhao ◽  
Changdong Liu ◽  
Bin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Ensemble Model ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Sousa Chinensis ◽  
The Impact

As IUCN critically vulnerable species,the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) have attracted great public attention in recent years. The threats of human disturbance and environmental pollution to this population have been documented extensively. However, research on the sensitivity of this species to climate change is lacking. To understand the effect of climate change on the potential distribution of Sousa chinensis, we developed a weighted ensemble model based on 82 occurrence records and six predictor variables (e.g., ocean depth, distance to shore, mean temperature, salinity, ice thickness, and current velocity). According to the true skill statistic (TSS) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), our ensemble model presented higher prediction precision than most of the single-algorithm models. It also indicated that ocean depth and distance to shore were the most important predictors in shaping the distribution patterns. The projections for the 2050s and 2100s from our ensemble model indicated a severe adverse impact of climate change on the Sousa chinensis habitat. Over 75% and 80% of the suitable habitat in the present day will be lost in all representative concentration pathway emission scenarios (RCPS) in the 2050s and 2100s, respectively. With the increased numbers of records of stranding and deaths of Sousa chinensis in recent years, strict management regulations and conservation plans are urgent to safeguard the current suitable habitats. Due to habitat contraction and poleward shift in the future, adaptive management strategies, including designing new reserves and adjusting the location and range of reserves according to the geographical distribution of Sousa chinensis, should be formulated to minimize the impacts of climate change on this species.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL HABITAT MODELING OF WATER HYACINTH IN LAKES OF NEPAL USING MAXENT ALGORITHM

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-5/W2 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. S. Thakuri ◽  
P. Shrestha ◽  
M. Deuba ◽  
P. Shah ◽  
O. P. Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Habitat Modeling ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Maxent Algorithm

Abstract. Invasive Alien Plant Species are spreading outside of their natural geographic range. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the most widely and rapidly spreading invasive species throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal. In the last decade, water hyacinth has become a chronic problem in many major lakes of Nepal which have affected the habitat aquatic plants and animals. Our study focuses on potential habitat modeling of Water hyacinth over the major lakes of Nepal using Maxent algorithm. Primary data used for modeling were 19 bioclimatic variables and Shuttle Radar Topography Model (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). After preparation of the species distribution model, major lakes of Nepal were overlaid over the model to prepare potential invasive map. The performance and accuracy of potential habitat distribution model was evaluated using parameter Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) which was within the range of 0.9–1. Validation of the model was done for the year 2015 with precision and recall, overall accuracy and F-measure and its values are 93% and 85%, 87% and 89% respectively. The model prepared for 2030 and 2050 shows the most suitable habitat for water hyacinth is in province 2 of Nepal and the moderately suitable habitat for this species is plain area of Province 4, 7 and 5. Similarly, the area of potential habitat has been increasing from current scenario to 2030 and 2050. From the potential invasion map, it can be observed that lakes in the Terai and Churey regions have the high risk of invasion of water hyacinth.

Species Distribution Models (SDM) – A Strategic Tool for Predicting Suitable Habitats for Conserving the Target Species

2017 ◽  
pp. 427-440
Author(s):  
Balaguru Balakrishnan ◽  
Nagamurugan Nandakumar ◽  
Soosairaj Sebastin ◽  
Khaleel Ahamed Abdul Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Conservation of the species in their native landscapes required understanding patterns of spatial distribution of species and their ecological connectivity through Species Distribution Models (SDM) by generation and integration of spatial data from different sources using Geographical Information System (GIS) tools. SDM is an ecological/spatial model which combines datasets and maps of occurrence of target species and their geographical and environmental variables by linking various algorithms together, that has been applied to either identify or predict the regions fulfilling the set conditions. This article is focused on comprehensive review of spatial data requirements, statistical algorithms and softwares used to generate the SDMs. This chapter also includes a case study predicting the suitable habitat distribution of Gnetum ula, an endemic and vulnerable plant species using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution model for species occurrences with inputs from environmental variables such as bioclimate and elevation.

scholarly journals Modelling the Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Endangered Cypripedium japonicum in China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Yadong Xu ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Huiru Zhao ◽  
Meiling Yang ◽  
Yuqi Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
The Impact

Cypripedium japonicum is an endangered terrestrial orchid species with high ornamental and medicinal value. As global warming continues to intensify, the survival of C. japonicum will be further challenged. Understanding the impact of climate change on its potential distribution is of great significance to conserve this species. In this study, we established an ensemble species distribution model based on occurrence records of C. japonicum and 13 environmental variables to predict its potential distribution under current and future climatic conditions. The results show that the true skill statistic (TSS), Cohen’s kappa statistic (Kappa), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of the ensemble model were 0.968, 0.906, and 0.995, respectively, providing more robust predictions. The key environmental variables affecting the distribution of C. japonicum were the precipitation in the warmest quarter (Bio18) and the mean temperature in the driest quarter (Bio9). Under future climatic conditions, the total suitable habitat of C. japonicum will increase slightly and tend to migrate northwestward, but the highly suitable areas will be severely lost. By 2070, the loss of its highly suitable habitat area will reach 57.69–72.24% under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 respectively, and the highly suitable habitats in Zhejiang and Anhui will almost disappear. It is noteworthy that the highly suitable habitat of C. japonicum has never crossed the Qinba mountainous area during the migration process of the suitable habitat to the northwest. Meanwhile, as the best-preserved area of highly suitable habitat for C. japonicum in the future, the Qinba mountainous area is of great significance to protect the wild germplasm resources of C. japonicum. In addition, we found that most of the changes predicted for 2070 will already be seen in 2050; the problem of climate change may be more urgent than it is believed.

scholarly journals Waterbird habitat loss fringing the Yellow and Bohai seas along the East Asian--Australasian migratory flyway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houlang Duan ◽  
Xiubo Yu ◽  
Shaoxia Xia ◽  
Guangshuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Coastal Wetland ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
Waterbird Species ◽  
Salt Pan

Natural wetland along the coasts of Yellow and Bohai seas provided key stopover sites for migratory waterbirds. However, these wetlands are facing land loss. Understanding how natural wetlands loss influence habitat is an important step for habitat management. Using species distribution model to report changes in area of suitable habitat, and the effects of natural wetland loss on habitat for 80 waterbird species attributed to four functional categories (shorebird, duck, heron, gull), between 2000 and 2015 in the Yellow and Bohai seas. Of 1794.8 km2 of coastal wetland lost to development between 2000 and 2015, most represented tidal flats converted into aquaculture and salt pan habitat, or for construction. Consequently, habitat for 73 of these 80 species has decreased in area over this time period. Generally, the proportional decline in habitat suitable for species of duck was less than it was shorebirds, herons and gulls. The proportional loss of tidal flat habitat that formerly represented suitable habitat for shorebirds, herons and gulls was also significantly higher than it was for ducks. Because more species of duck exploit aquaculture and salt pan habitat converted from tidal flats than do shorebird, heron and gull species, such conversion of tidal flats pose a greater threat to shorebirds, herons and gulls than they do to ducks. Preventing further reclamation of tidal flats and managing artificial wetlands are priorities for waterbirds conservation, especially for the species ducks.

scholarly journals Predicting the Current and Future Suitable Habitat Distribution of Swimming Crab (Portunus trituberculatus) using the Species Distribution Model under Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Xiaolu Han ◽  
Zhiqiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Rcp 8.5

Species have shown their habital variations in responding to climate change, especially during the spring and summer spawning seasons. The species distribution model (SDM) is considered the most favorable tool to study the potential effects of climate change on species distribution. Therefore, we developed the ensemble SDM to predict the changes in species distribution of Portunus trituberculatus among different seasons in 2050 and 2100 under the climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results of SDM indicate that the distribution of this species will move northward and have obviouse seasonal variations. Meanwhile, the suitable habitat for the species will be significantly reduced in summer, with loses rates ranging from 45.23% (RCP4.5) to 88.26% (RCP.8.5) by 2100s. Habitat reduction will mainly occur in the East China Sea and southern part of the Yellow Sea, while there will be a small increase in the northern Bohai Sea. These findings will be important to manage the ecosystem and fishery, provide an information forecast of this species in the future, and maintain species diversity if the seawater temperature rises.

Competition and coexistence in sympatric skunks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine C. Hass ◽  
Jerry W. Dragoo
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Environmental Space ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Broad Spatial Scale

Ecological niches of three species of skunks (Mephitidae: Conepatus leuconotus, Mephitis mephitis, M. macroura) in and near their overlap zone in the American Southwest were studied to determine if competition may be limiting distribution of these species. A species distribution model developed in MaxEnt was used to identify suitable habitat for each species, from which contact zones for each species pair were identified. Principal components derived from habitat and climate variables inside and outside of contact zones for each species, and between species pairs within the contact zone were then compared. Species differed in environmental space inside and outside of contact zones, but species pairs did not differ within contact zones, indicating no evidence of competitive exclusion, and possible niche convergence at a broad spatial scale

Modeling the distribution of Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis, a threatened bird of limestone karst forests of the Sino-Vietnam border, and implications for its conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEMENG JIANG ◽  
EBEN GOODALE ◽  
GANG YANG ◽  
LIJIANG YU ◽  
AIWU JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Occurrence Data

SummaryInformation on the geographic distribution of a species is fundamental for its conservation. Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis (NB) is a rare and newly discovered species that is restricted to limestone karst forest on the Sino-Vietnamese border and has been classified as ‘Vulnerable’ due to its narrow distribution. However, the extent of the habitat suitable for NB is poorly known. We conducted a species distribution model (SDM) using 33 occurrence data and nine environmental variables. The SDM suggested highly suitable habitat covers 541 km2, and habitat with a medium and low level of suitability covers 3,218 km2 and 722 km2, respectively. Of the entire suitable habitat (low through high), 25.8% is in northern Vietnam and the rest is in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China (especially concentrated in northern Longzhou and southern Daxing Counties). Unfortunately, only 12.4% of the entire suitable habitat is known to be occupied, and the habitat outside the reserves is highly threatened by fragmentation and degradation. Globally, NB is apparently isolated in only four sites, including one site in which we discovered its presence during field validation of the model. Based on this work, we suggest upgrading NB to the ‘Endangered’ category on the IUCN Red List and adding it to the list of endangered species of both China and Vietnam.

scholarly journals Defining Conservation Requirements for the Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) Using Species Distribution Models

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Il-Kook Park ◽  
Daesik Park ◽  
Amaël Borzée
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Agricultural Wetlands ◽  
North East

Numerous amphibian species are declining because of habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization of landscapes and the construction of roads. This is a mounting threat to species restricted to habitats close to urban areas, such as agricultural wetlands in North East Asia. The Suweon treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) falls into the list of species threatened with habitat loss and most populations are under threat of extirpation. Over the last decades, sub-populations have become increasingly disconnected and specifically the density of paved roads has increased around the only site connecting northern and southern Seoul populations. We surveyed this locality in Hojobeol, Siheung, Republic of Korea in 2012, 2015 and 2019 to first confirm the decline in the number of sites where D. suweonensis was present. The second objective was to analyze the habitat characteristics and determine the remaining suitable habitat for D. suweonensis through a species distribution model following the maximum entropy method. Our results show that rice paddy cover and distance from the paved road are the most important factor defining suitable habitat for D. suweonensis. At this locality, uninterrupted rice paddies are a suitable habitat for the species when reaching at least 0.19 km2, with an average distance of 138 ± 93 m2 from the roads. We link the decrease in the number of sites where D. suweonensis is present with the decrease in rice paddy cover, generally replaced by localized infrastructures, greenhouses and habitat fragmentation. Rice paddies should remain connected over a large area for the protection of the remaining populations. In addition, habitat requirements should be integrated in the requisites to designate protected areas.

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