Production Techniques of Metallic Foams in Lightweight Materials

Lightweight materials were needed in many different areas, especially in order to reduce the required energy in areas such as automotive and aerospace industries. Metallic foams attract attention in lightweight material applications due to their unique properties. The pores in its structure provide advantages in many applications, both structural and functional by promising both ultra-lightweight construction, energy absorption, and damping insulation. Production techniques of metallic foams can generally be classified as liquid, solid, gas, and ionic state production according to the physical state of the metal at the beginning of the process. The production technique should be chosen according to the usage area and desired properties of the metallic foam and the suitability in terms of cost and sustainability of production. For this reason, the details of the production techniques should be known and the products that can be obtained and their properties should be understood. In this respect, this chapter emphasizes the production methods from past to present.

Optimization of cylindrical wall domes via metaheuristic algorithms

Optimization is a widely used phenomenon in various problems and fields. Because time and resources are very limited in today's world, it can be said that the usage area of the optimization process will be expanded and spread in all areas of life. Although different methods are used in the realization of the optimization process, the performance of metaheuristic algorithms in solving problems has led to an increase in research on these methods. As in other fields, the application examples of these algorithms are diversifying and increasing in the field of structural engineering. In this study, the performance comparison of five different algorithms for the optimum design of an axisymmetric cylindrical wall with a dome is investigated. These algorithms are Jaya (JA), Flower pollination (FPA), teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithms and two hybrid versions of these algorithms. ACI 318 regulation was used in reinforced concrete design with a flexibility method-based approach in the analyses. In the analyzes with five different situations of the wall height, some statistical values , and data of analysis numbers were obtained by running the algorithms a large number of times. According to the analysis results, Jaya algorithm is slightly better in terms of the speed of reaching the optimum result, but also all algorithms are quite effective and reliable in solving the problem.

Networked Compact City Policy Status and Issues—Hierarchy and Human Mobility in Tokyo, Japan

As a policy to promote compact cities, Japan formulated the Location Normalization Plan (LNP) in 2014. By this plan, each municipality is promoting the establishment of Urban Function Induction-encouraged Areas (UFIA) in which life service facilities are to be provided. The role of the UFIA in the region might differ depending on the city scale and the UFIA hierarchy. For this study, using the Tokyo Person Trip survey, we specifically examined the mobility of people and clarified differences in the hierarchical nature of UFIA to ascertain the current status and issues of UFIA. Consequently, we obtained the following information for the realization of compactness. (1) The actual conditions of traffic characteristics and facilities differ depending on the UFIA hierarchy. Moreover, considering these hierarchies during the study of UFIA is important. (2) Sub-core UFIA in cities with a large population have a narrow usage area and a high ratio of traffic-sharing between walking and bicycling, which might engender the construction of compact living areas. (3) However, sub-core UFIA in cities with a small population have a high ratio of traffic-sharing of automobiles and a wide usage area, which presents challenges for compact city realization.

Detecting Land Use Change in The Jordan University District During the Period of (1985-2019) Using GIS and Remote Sensing

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in usage patterns of lands in Jordan University district for the period (1985-2019), demonstrate the impact of natural factors, humans, in the use of change, and identify the trend of urbanization. To achieve the study objectives, the analytical method, descriptive method, and historical method were used, it also relied on Landsat satellite images, images by Google Earth Pro, and metadata serving the subject of study. The study findings demonstrated the changing in the land use due to increasing urban lands by 12.5% during the study period, decreasing agricultural lands by –40%, decreasing rangeland by -49%, decreasing barren lands by -42.6%, and decreasing forest area by -50.5%. The study used logistic regression, to predict the usage area of urban and agriculture aspects, and it is demonstrated increasing the urban land by (110823donums) of the district's area, and decreasing the agriculture lands by 2029.

Analysis of Industrial Areas along European Inland Waterways

Significant industrial settlements along the main Europe inland waterways are going to be analysed based on NACE codes per port (maritime and inland) in ports and along the waterway. The industrial areas around ports have been analysed and different KPIs were developed, like distance from industrial areas for handling infrastructure, throughput or industrial segments. Furthermore, an analysys concerning the link between the length of the waterways and the land usage areas has been performed as well as the influnce of the population density on the land usage area ratio.

The effects of temperature and exogenous auxin on cutting propagation of some junipers

From past to the present, cultural, medicinal, landscape and culinary use of junipers has contrib­uted to it being one of the most widely distributed woody plants in the world. Therefore, it is so important that finding appropriate production methods to obtain quality seedlings in line with the usage area. In the present study, it was tried to determine the best conditions and applications on propagation by cuttings of three juniper taxa including Juniperus communis L. ‘Hibernica’, Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Stricta’, and Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Stricta Variegata’. For this purpose, two different greenhouse treatments (Greenhouse-1 with the air temperature at 20±2°C, rooting table temperature at 25±2°C and humidity level at 70±2%; Green­house-2 with the air temperature at 20±2°C, rooting table temperature at 20±2°C and humidity level at 70±2%) and different auxin applications (Indole-3-Butyric Acid, Indole-3-Acetic Acid and α-Naphthalene Acetic Acid at concentrations of 3000 and 5000 ppm) were designed. The highest rooting percentages were generally achieved in Greenhouse-1. IAA 5000 ppm treatment for J. communis ‘Hibernica’ (93.33%) and J. chinensis ‘Stricta’ (66.67%, also in Greenhouse-2) and IBA 3000 ppm treatment for J. chinensis ‘Stricta Var­iegata’ (60.00%) showed the best rooting results. This study, in which the best production conditions are investigated in some juniper taxa, is a guiding feature for the producers to ensure the sustainable utilization of junipers.

COMPILING THE WORDS USED IN HATAY-KUMLU DISTRICT

Over time, Turks have been in bilateral relations in the vast geography they have lived in, and due to the abundance of cultures they are in, they both gave many words to the languages they are in contact with, and they have taken many words from the cultures they are in contact with. This interaction was sometimes one-way and many words from the languages it interacted with entered Turkish. In this case, some words have been used unconsciously in Turkish language over the years. It is known that there are more words taken from the languages of neighboring countries especially in the border regions than in the inner regions. Although Turkish is known to have a historical past and a rich language, it is seen that in recent years, it has been exposed to corruption, especially with words taken from works translated from Western languages. It is possible to come across many foreign words in the Turkish Language these days, since we are in the information age. However, the equivalents of most words were determined and published by the Turkish Language Association. When we look at the recent history, it is seen that some words that were used frequently by the society a few generations ago lost their meaning over time or their usage area has shrunk. Some words, whose usage area has narrowed nowadays, could not go beyond a certain region. In this study, words that are not used in the written language used among the people in the Kumlu district of Hatay, which is the border region (Syrian border), or are partially used in written language were compiled. The words used in this region are still spoken by very old people, those of middle age and older understand these words but do not use them, while the young population does not understand at all.

Analysis of Changes in Suitable Habitat Areas of Paridae through Rooftop Greening Simulation—Case Study of Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

As many people live in cities that lack green space, biodiversity in such areas is decreasing. Suwon, the study site, a city that strives to improve its biodiversity, is close to the capital city of the Republic of Korea (ROK), and has a large population. This study aims to identify habitat-suitable areas using the longitudinal distribution model in Suwon-si, examine habitat changes when rooftop greening scenarios are applied to various use areas, and distinguish efficient use areas to expand the number of forms. To establish a rooftop greening creation scenario, the area was calculated based on the rooftop greening promotion plan in the metropolitan area, and a representative use area where rooftop greening can be applied was selected. To generate a scenario for creating rooftop greening, the property of the green area was assigned to the corresponding use area, and it was produced as an environmental variable, while the species distribution model was driven. As a result of the study, the area of increase in habitat area according to the rooftop greening for each usage area was derived, and the efficiency of the increase in habitat area compared to the rooftop greening area for each usage area was derived. To improve biodiversity in Suwon-si, rooftop greening in residential areas was found to be the most efficient, and rooftop greening efficiency in commercial areas was the lowest. It is expected that information on the increase and efficiency of the habitat of the wild birds due to rooftop greening by area of use derived from this study will help establish a rooftop greening plan and support decision-making to promote biodiversity in the city.

YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ YAPILARINDA MİMARİ TASARIM ANALİZİ

In the developing and rapidly changing world, it is seen that their needs develop at this rate. Functionality occurs in certain organic, natural, modern and traditional forms in the structures that emerge as a result of the combination of building materials with design and information technology in high-tech architecture. With the materials used in the carrier system, the structures are made more robust and long-lasting. These structures, which aim to fully respond to the needs of the user with the orientation in the interior, include high-tech structures using nanotechnology materials as well as concrete, steel and glass materials, as well as interior designs, renewable resources, and sustainable building technologies. Integrated design structures that contribute to the user's living comfort have many advantages according to their usage area. In construction technology, it is seen that the design processes of these structures are linked to architectural criteria and natural balance. Considering the effect of the climate and geographical structure in terms of materials and the design of the building, these structures sometimes become a symbolic structure of the city.