scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Environmental Sensitivity to Desertification Using the Modified MEDALUS Model in a Semiarid Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7817
Author(s):  
Sayed Fakhreddin Afzali ◽  
Ali Khanamani ◽  
Ehsan Kamali Maskooni ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Indicator Data ◽  
Minimal Importance ◽  
Very High

Iran is mainly located in the arid and semiarid climate zone and seriously affected by desertification. This is a severe environmental problem, which results in a persistent loss of ecosystem services that are fundamental to sustaining life. Process understanding of this phenomenon through the evaluation of important drivers is, however, a challenging work. The main purpose of this study was to perform a quantitative evaluation of the current desertification status in the Segzi Plain, Isfahan Province, Iran, through the modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) model and GIS. In this regard, five main indicators including soil, groundwater, vegetation cover, climate, and erosion were selected for estimating the environmental sensitivity to desertification. Each of these qualitative indicators is driven by human interference and climate. After statistical analysis and a normality test for each indicator data, spatial distribution maps were established. Then, the maps were scored in the MEDALUS approach, and the current desertification status in the study area from the geometric mean of all five quality indicators was created. Based on the results of the modified MEDALUS model, about 23.5% of the total area can be classified as high risk to desertification and 76.5% classified as very high risk to desertification. The results indicate that climate, vegetation, and groundwater quality are the most important drivers for desertification in the study area. Erosion (wind and water) and soil indices have minimal importance.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes During COVID-19 Pandemic Period Around Industrial Areas, Perundurai, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Shanmugamoorthy ◽  
Anandakumar Subbaiyan ◽  
Lakshmanan Elango ◽  
Sampathkumar Velusamy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Very High

Abstract The present research deals with the Risk assessment of groundwater quality around 15 km radius surrounding SIPCOT industrial estate, Perundurai, Erode district. It is sub-divided into three segments with radius of 5 km each. 79 groundwater samples were collected from domestic and agricultural usage open and bore well points equally distributed (each 4 km distance) over the study area with help of toposheets, during January- 2021 (COVID-19 Pandemic Period). The groundwater samples were tested to determine the physio-chemical parameters using standard testing procedure which include Ca+2, Na+, pH, TA, EC, TDS, K+, TH, Mg2+, Fe2+/3+, HCO3−,F−, NO32−, SO42− and Cl− for the preparation of spatial distribution maps of each parameter based on WHO standard. Multivariate statistical analysis shown the source of groundwater pollution from secondary leaching of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals and fertilizers used agriculture lands and least percentage of industrials effluents due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not working for all industries during last 6 months. From the Water Quality Index, 18.06 % of the area comes under high and very high risk zone and bivariate plot NO3 Vs Cl reveals that 17.72 % of the samples are from the bad quality of groundwater. The types of hardness diagram showed 32.91% of the samples fall in hard brackish water as illustrated by the Piper trilinear diagram. The high and very high risk zones, was recommended to concern department to provide the good quality of water supply to the people.

Target LDL Under 70 mg/dL for Very High Risk

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
JENNIE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Very High

Differentiation of endemic areas by incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases as the basis for choosing prevention strategy and tactics

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
N.V. Rudakov ◽  
N.A. Penyevskaya ◽  
D.A. Saveliev ◽  
S.A. Rudakova ◽  
C.V. Shtrek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Prevention Strategy ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Very High

Research objective. Differentiation of natural focal areas of Western Siberia by integral incidence rates of tick-borne infectious diseases for determination of the strategy and tactics of their comprehensive prevention. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of official statistics for the period 2002-2018 for eight sub-federal units in the context of administrative territories was carried out. The criteria of differentiation were determined by means of three evaluation scales, including long-term mean rates of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne borreliosis, and Siberian tick-borne typhus. As a scale gradation tool, we used the number of sample elements between the confidence boundaries of the median. The integral assessment was carried out by the sum of points corresponding to the incidence rates for each of the analyzed infections. Results. The areas of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of tick-borne infectious diseases were determined. Recommendations on the choice of prevention strategy and tactics were given. In areas of very high and high incidence rates, a combination of population-based and individual prevention strategies is preferable while in other areas a combination of high-risk and individual strategies is recommended. Discussion. Epidemiologic zoning should be the basis of a risk-based approach to determining optimal volumes and directions of preventive measures against natural focal infections. It is necessary to improve the means and methods of determining the individual risk of getting infected and developing tick-borne infectious diseases in case of bites, in view of mixed infection of vectors, as well as methods of post-exposure disease prevention (preventive therapy).

Have we learnt all from Improve-It? Part I. Core results and subanalyses on the effects of ezetimibe added to statin therapy related to age, gender and selected chronic diseases (kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Fras ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Very High ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

: IMPROVE-IT (IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) was a randomized clini- cal trial (18,144 patients) that evaluated the efficacy of the combination of ezetimibe with simvastatin vs simvastatin mono- therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (of up to 2.6-3.2 mmol/L; 100-120 mg/dL). After 7 years of follow-up, combination therapy resulted in an additional LDL-C decrease [1.8 mmol/L, or 70 mg/dL, within the simvastatin (40 mg/day) monotherapy arm and 1.4 mmol/L, or 53 mg/dL for simvastatin (40 mg/day) + ezetimibe (10 mg/day)] and showed an incremental clinical benefit (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary re- vascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke; hazard ratio (HR) of 0.936, and 95% CI 0.887-0.996, p=0.016). Therefore, for very high cardiovascular risk patients “even lower is even better” regarding LDL-C, independently of the LDL-C reducing strategy. These findings confirm ezetimibe as an option to treat very-high-risk patients who cannot achieve LDL-C targets with statin monotherapy. Additional analyses of the IMPROVE-IT (both prespecified and post-hoc) include specific very-high-risk subgroups of patients (those with previous acute events and/or coronary revascularization, older than 75 years, as well as patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). The data from IMPROVE-IT also provide reassurance regarding longer-term safety and efficacy of the intensification of li- pid-lowering therapy in very-high-risk patients resulting in very low LDL-C levels. We comment on the results of several (sub) analyses of IMPROVE-IT.

Adapting Gravity Model for Predicting the Risk of COVID -19 in Nigeria

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Samson Olaitan ◽  
Olowoporoku Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Housing Standards ◽  
Very High

Background: It is against the background of the emerging incidence of coronavirus pandemic in Nigeria, and the need for its management that this study adapts gravity model for predicting the risk of the disease across states of the country. Methods: The paper relied on published government data on population, and gross domestic product, while the distance of town to the nearest international airport was also obtained. These data were log transformed and further used in the calculation of gravity scores for each state of the federation. Results: The study discovered that with the gravity score ranging from 2.942 to 4.437, all the states of the federation have the risk of being infected with the pandemic. Meanwhile Ogun State (4.837) has a very high risk of being infected with the disease. Other states with high risks are Oyo (4.312), Jigawa (4.235), Niger (4.148) and Katsina (4.083). However, Taraba State has the least infection risk of the pandemic in Nigeria. Factors influencing the risk level of the pandemic are proximity, porous boundary between states, and elitism. Conclusion: The paper advocates border settlement planning, review of housing standards, and advocacy for sanitation in different states. It therefore concludes that adequate urban planning in unison with economic and epidemiology techniques will provide a strong strategy for the management of the disease.

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