scholarly journals Park–People Relationships: The Socioeconomic Monitoring of National Parks in Bavaria, Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8984
Author(s):  
Hubert Job ◽  
Sarah Bittlingmaier ◽  
Marius Mayer ◽  
Eick von Ruschkowski ◽  
Manuel Woltering
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Past ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Questions about park–people relationships and the understanding and handling of the conflicts that may result from the creation and management of national parks in the surrounding area are prerequisites for both successful park management and sustainable rural tourism development. This paper analyzes the roles that research may play in relation to park–people relationships in the context of the two oldest German national parks located in Bavaria. The different fields of action of national parks are used to identify the potential for conflict, using detailed case studies from the Bavarian Forest and Berchtesgaden National Parks using quantitative population surveys carried out in 2018. The overall attitude towards both national parks is overwhelmingly positive, with trust towards park administrations and the perceived economic benefits from rural tourism being the attitudes most strongly correlated to the overall level of park–people relationships. Nevertheless, some points of contention still exist, like the ecological integrity approach towards strict nature conservation and related landscape changes (e.g., deadwood cover). A comparison over time shows in both cases that the spatial proximity to the protected area negatively influences people’s attitudes towards the parks, but less so than in the past. Recommendations for national park management include communicating proactively and with greater transparency with locals and decision-makers, to identify conflicts earlier and, where possible, to eliminate them. Furthermore, developing a standardized method to monitor park–people relationships in Germany is a must and would benefit integrated approaches in research and management based on conservation social science.

Conservation on community lands: the importance of equitable revenue sharing

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSEMARY GROOM ◽  
STEPHEN HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
People’S Attitudes

SUMMARYAttempts to establish local support for wildlife and conservation through the sharing of revenues and empowerment of local communities to manage their wildlife have proliferated over the past two decades. Data from two neighbouring Maasai group ranches in the wildlife dispersal area of Amboseli and Tsavo National Parks (Kenya) indicated one ranch generated considerable wildlife revenues from a tourist operation and community trust while the other received no direct benefits from wildlife. The overall attitude to wildlife on the ranch with wildlife revenues was significantly more positive, but attitudes within the ranch varied significantly, depending on both costs from wildlife and perception of the distribution of wildlife revenues. Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that it was not the amount of revenue received or the scale of costs from wildlife which determined people's attitudes, but simply the presence or absence of wildlife benefits. The importance of addressing inequitable distribution of benefits is emphasized.

scholarly journals Ecotourism development in National Parks: A new paradigm of forest management in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Renny Indira Anggraini ◽  
Budhi Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Park Management ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
National Park Management

The forest management in Indonesia is currently using a new paradigm, one of which is the involvement of local communities. This paradigm applied throughout Indonesia, especially in state forest areas and customary forests. National parks are part of state forests where management involves the community. One of the management methods used is community-based ecotourism which has widely implemented to communities around the national park. This approach used to improve people livelihoods and to minimize forest encroachment, illegal logging, and illegal hunting. In this relation, this article aims to provide a description of the Indonesian research literature on ecotourism development program regarding forest management in the community around national park areas. It found that ecotourism plays a role in the forest management by improving forest management and maintaining biodiversity, including protection of endangered species and their habitats. Meanwhile, ecotourism also empowering local communities, providing direct and indirect economic benefits. Nevertheless, comprehensive management planning is needed to minimize the ecotourism impacts, such as wildlife behavior and morphological change. The previous studies give understanding about ecotourism development in national parks that can be useful to improve national park management programs. However, further studies are still needed to support sustainable national park management.

scholarly journals Shopping Centres, Cycling Accessibility and Planning—The Case of Nova Lund in Sweden

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Till Koglin ◽  
Lucas Glasare
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Shopping Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Subject

This paper evaluates the history and cycling accessibility of Nova, a shopping centre established in Lund, Sweden, in 2002. The current situation was also analysed through observation and a literature review. Moreover, the study conducted a closer analysis of the history and role of the municipality based on further literature study and interviews with officials. The conclusion of the analysis indicates poor and unsafe bikeways caused by conflicts of interest between politicians, officials, landowners and the general public. It also depicts a situation in which the municipality’s master plan has been ignored, and, in contrast to the local goals, cycling accessibility at Nova has seen no significant improvement since the shopping centre was first established. The reasons for this, arguably, are a relatively low budget for bikeway improvements in the municipality, as well as a situation in which decision-makers have stopped approaching the subject, as a result of the long and often boisterous conflicts it has created in the past. Lastly, it must be noted that it is easy to regard the whole process of Nova, from its establishment to the current situation, as being symptomatic of the power structures between drivers and cyclists that still affect decision-makers at all levels.

scholarly journals Teaching Science in Today’s Society: The Case of Particle Physics for Primary Schools

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Cristina Lazzeroni ◽  
Sandra Malvezzi ◽  
Andrea Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ongoing Project

The rapid changes in science and technology witnessed in recent decades have significantly contributed to the arousal of the awareness by decision-makers and the public as a whole of the need to strengthen the connection between outreach activities of universities and research institutes and the activities of educational institutions, with a central role played by schools. While the relevance of the problem is nowadays unquestioned, no unique and fully satisfactory solution has been identified. In the present paper we would like to contribute to the discussion on the subject by reporting on an ongoing project aimed to teach Particle Physics in primary schools. We will start from the past and currently planned activities in this project in order to establish a broader framework to describe the conditions for the fruitful interplay between researchers and teachers. We will also emphasize some aspects related to the dissemination of outreach materials by research institutions, in order to promote the access and distribution of scientific information in a way suited to the different age of the target students.

scholarly journals Boundaries Between Research Ethics and Ethical Research Use in Artificial Intelligence Health Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110027
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Jenn Chubb ◽  
Gemma Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Past Half

The governance of ethically acceptable research in higher education institutions has been under scrutiny over the past half a century. Concomitantly, recently, decision makers have required researchers to acknowledge the societal impact of their research, as well as anticipate and respond to ethical dimensions of this societal impact through responsible research and innovation principles. Using artificial intelligence population health research in the United Kingdom and Canada as a case study, we combine a mapping study of journal publications with 18 interviews with researchers to explore how the ethical dimensions associated with this societal impact are incorporated into research agendas. Researchers separated the ethical responsibility of their research with its societal impact. We discuss the implications for both researchers and actors across the Ethics Ecosystem.

Changing Patterns of Politicization and Partisanship Among Women in France

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia B. Bashevkin
Keyword(s):  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
North American Society ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
American Society ◽  
Feminist Movements

During the past decade, political researchers have devoted growing attention to women's political involvement and, to a somewhat lesser extent, their political attitudes in Western cultures. This interest has been a response in part to contemporary feminist movements and, more specifically, to the increasingly visible role of women as social activists, partisan elites and governmental decision makers in Western European and North American society.

scholarly journals Causes of Deforestation and Conservation of Madhupur Sal Forest in Tangail Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
M Rokanuzzaman ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
M Bodiuzzaman ◽  
MA Miah
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sal Forest ◽  
Global Concern

Over the past few decades deforestation has become the issue of global concern for its rapid reduction of biodiversity. The tropical moist deciduous Sal forest ecosystem of central Bangladesh is currently in a critical situation. Destructive anthropogenic and natural impacts coupled with overexploitation of forest resources have caused severe damage to the forest ecosystem. Due to rubber monoculture, expanding commercial fuel wood plantations & expanding agriculture, illegal cutting, encroachment of forest areas, and illegal poaching of wildlife, the Sal forest is losing biodiversity alarmingly. The study is based on intensive literature survey and tries to explore the overall deforestation situation and conservation practices for Madhupur Sal forest that comprises about 5% of the total forests in Bangladesh. The level of destruction of the natural Sal forest has pushed the forest-dwelling indigenous Garo community into cash crop production, forcing them to move away from their traditional subsistence economy. Now we need to address a joint conservation and improved management plan of the forest resources use. Thus all kinds of military establishments, construction of roads and highways for military purposes should be avoided and a policy of planned industrialization should be adopted to mitigate the adverse effect of industrialization. Findings of the study will help to identify the causes of deforestation and conservation of Madhupur Sal forest and also in other national parks in Bangladesh which ultimately conserve the biodiversity and help to maintain natural balance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22105 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 109-114 2013

Can history improve big bang health reform? Commentary

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Marchildon
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
Universal Health

AbstractAt present, the professional skills of the historian are rarely relied upon when health policies are being formulated. There are numerous reasons for this, one of which is the natural desire of decision-makers to break with the past when enacting big bang policy change. This article identifies the strengths professional historians bring to bear on policy development using the establishment and subsequent reform of universal health coverage as an example. Historians provide pertinent and historically informed context; isolate the forces that have historically allowed for major reform; and separate the truly novel reforms from those attempted or implemented in the past. In addition, the historian’s use of primary sources allows potentially new and highly salient facts to guide the framing of the policy problem and its solution. This paper argues that historians are critical for constructing a viable narrative of the establishment and evolution of universal health coverage policies. The lack of this narrative makes it difficult to achieve an accurate assessment of systemic gaps in coverage and access, and the design or redesign of universal health coverage that can successfully close these gaps.

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