scholarly journals Assessment of Technological Developments in Data Analytics for Sensor-Based and Robot Sorting Plants Based on Maturity Levels to Improve Austrian Waste Sorting Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9472
Author(s):  
Karl Friedrich ◽  
Theresa Fritz ◽  
Gerald Koinig ◽  
Roland Pomberger ◽  
Daniel Vollprecht
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Extended Value ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sensor Based Sorting

Sensor-based and robot sorting are key technologies in the extended value chain of many products such as packaging waste (glass, plastics) or building materials since these processes are significant contributors in reaching the EU recycling goals. Hence, technological developments and possibilities to improve these processes concerning data analytics are evaluated with an interview-based survey. The requirements to apply data analytics in sensor-based sorting are separated into different sections, i.e., data scope or consistency. The interviewed companies are divided into four categories: sorting machine manufacturers, sorting robot manufacturers, recycling plant operators, and sensor technology companies. This paper aims to give novel insights into the degree of implementation of data analytics in the Austrian waste management sector. As a result, maturity models are set up for these sections and evaluated for each of the interview partner categories. Interviewees expressed concerns regarding the implementation such as a perceived loss of control and, subsequently, a supposed inability to intervene. Nevertheless, further comments by the interviewees on the state of the waste management sector conveyed that data analytics in their processes would also be a significant step forward to achieve the European recycling goals.

scholarly journals Green Technology Approaches to Solid Waste Management in the Developing Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
T. B. Hammed ◽  
M. K. C. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe severity of extreme weather and climate change impacts around the world has been a public health concern in the last few decades. Apart from greenhouse gas generation, poor waste management exacerbates consequences of global warming such as flooding, lower crop yields, and the epidemic of diseases which can escalate into disastrous situations. The general public in developing economies sees wastes as valueless materials and disposes them through open burning, stream dumping, or as conveniently as possible. Also, the cutting of trees for firewood leads to deforestation and desertification that increase people’s vulnerability to climate change impact. Against this backdrop, there is a need for a paradigm shift toward developing indigenous technologies that convert solid waste to cheap and clean energy. Various innovations use the “green technology approach” in putting trash back into the value chain. Furthermore, the green technology approach has a great potential to enhance adaptation and resilience among climate change-displaced populations where they can set up microenterprise on useful end products. In this chapter, unique features of these technologies at the Renewable Resources Centre of the University of Ibadan, practice-oriented researches, and a case study at Kube-Atenda community Ibadan, Nigeria, are presented. This chapter is therefore set out to showcase examples of waste management initiatives and strategies that have been successfully implemented elsewhere by the authors. It also focuses on how some countries in the continent, with developing economies, may foster their resilience and their capacity to adapt to climate change.

The Mitigation of the French Nuclear Option: New Industrial Realism and Technical Democracy

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Finon
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Parliamentary Committee ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phase Out

Nuclear phase-out policies and the European obligation to liberalise electricity markets could put the French nuclear option dramatically at risk by influencing social preferences or by constraining power producers' investment choices in the future. So far, the particular institutional set-up which has allowed the efficient build-up and operation of several series of standardised reactors preserves the stability of the main elements of the option. However, important adaptations to the evolving industrial and political environment occur and contribute to changing the option. Some institutional changes (such as local public inquiry, creation of a Parliamentary committee, independence of safety authorities) and divergence between industrial interests already allow debates on internal options such as reprocessing, type of waste management deposits, ordering of an advanced PWR. These changes improve the cost transparency, even if internalisation of nuclear externalities (cost of insurance, provisions for waste management) is still incomplete. However, when effective, this internalisation would not affect definitively the competitive position of the nuclear production because of the parallel internalisation of CO2 externalities from fossil fuel power generation in the official rationale. Consequently the real issue for the future of the nuclear option in France remains the preservation of social acceptability in the perception of nuclear risks.

scholarly journals Particle Size Estimation in Mixed Commercial Waste Images Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phongsathorn Kittiworapanya ◽  
Kitsuchart Pasupa ◽  
Peter Auer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Waste Particles ◽  
Set Up

<div>We assessed several state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms and computer vision techniques for estimating the particle size of mixed commercial waste from images. In waste management, the first step is often coarse shredding, using the particle size to set up the shredder machine. The difficulty is separating the waste particles in an image, which can not be performed well. This work focused on estimating size by using the texture from the input image, captured at a fixed height from the camera lens to the ground. We found that EfficientNet achieved the best performance of 0.72 on F1-Score and 75.89% on accuracy.<br></div>

scholarly journals METHOD OF DISCUSSION DURING LESSONS OF SURROUNDING WORLD LEARNING: THEORY, POSSIBILITIES AND RESULTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Rita Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė ◽  
Jurgita Pitrėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fourth Form

Discussion in the process of teaching refers to a more sophisticated form of conversation, which is more frequently applied working with senior school learners. Problems rather than facts or phenomena are discussed. The question rises if the method of discussion is relevant in lessons of surrounding world learn-ing and whether it enables school learners to acquire knowledge, facilitates its memorisation or allows to ar-rive at solutions to urgent problems. The research involved 18 second formers, 15 school learners of fourth form and 13 students. All the groups of respondents discussed the same problem. Different roles were assigned to the participants in the discussion (a number of respondents represented heads of waste management company, whereas the rest assumed roles of residents of area where waste dump was being set up) and they involved in discussions of issues related to waste management and waste dump establishment. A considerable difference in the results of questionnaires provided to the participants before and after the discussion was observed. It is obvious that the respondents not only gained knowledge but also acquired a different perception and understanding of the problems analysed in the discussion. However, the compari-son of all the results of the survey revealed a stronger educational role of the discussion teaching fourth for-mers. This confirms theoretical statements that this method is more effective with senior school learners. The group of students also found the discussion useful. Key words: primary education, teaching of surrounding world learning, teaching methods, discussion.

A large-scale test set-up for measuring VOC emissions from wood products under laboratory conditions in simulated real rooms

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Höllbacher ◽  
Cornelia Rieder-Gradinger ◽  
Daniel Strateva ◽  
Ewald Srebotnik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Realistic Data

Abstract A large-scale test set-up was designed to evaluate the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of building materials in a real room situation but under laboratory conditions. Two model rooms (ModR) with a volume of 30 m3 each were constructed of the wood-based building materials X-lam and OSB, respectively. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) inside the ModR were kept in a range of 21°C–25°C and 45%–55% RH. VOCs were collected at 13 different times over a period of 23 weeks, and the total VOC (TVOC) concentration was calculated from GC/MS data. Results were quantified as toluene equivalents (TE). In the X-lam-ModR, the TVOC concentration decreased by 64% over the whole measurement period from 115 to 41 μg m-3 TE. Terpenes were the most abundant substance group and accounted, on average, for 80% of the TVOC concentration. In the OSB-ModR, the TVOC concentration decreased by 72% from 443 to 124 μg m-3 TE. Aldehydes showed the highest concentrations, accounting, on average, for 52% of the TVOC, while 38% were terpenes. The results show that this type of test provides realistic data for the praxis.

Constructively Engaging Exploitive Waste Management in India: The Case of Paryavaran Mitra and its Justice Motivated Effort at Empowering Rag-Picking Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 027614672110613
Author(s):  
Sujit Raghunathrao Jagadale ◽  
Nicholas J. C. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Social Traps ◽  
Constructive Engagement

Constructive Engagement (CE) aims at developing sustainable and equitable marketing systems that ensure collective well-being. This paper reflects on an initiative that constructively engages with impoverished market actors, i.e., rag-picking women in India. It is endeavored by operationalizing Integrative Justice Model (IJM) principles while trying to tackle the issue of solid waste management. Our findings suggest that CE across the spectrum in the value chain is required to alleviate the conditions of disadvantaged market actors and improve their well-being. Our qualitative inquiry in rag-picking women’s lives and an initiative of social enterprise contribute to the ongoing conversation in macromarketing literature- (1) by empirically evidencing how the CE operationalizes the IJM and help redress the issues of social traps and internalities; (2) by uniquely connecting the macro issues of waste management with the issues of honesty, fairness, dignity and deserved justice in the neglected market transactions; (3) that IJM principles guide the constructive engagement process.

Cooperative strategies in the platform economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Child ◽  
David Faulkner ◽  
Stephen Tallman ◽  
Linda Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
Asymmetric Growth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Innovation Platform

Chapter 6 analyzes a new form of economy, enabled by ICTs, digital platforms, and smart devices to connect transactors (sharers or buyers and sellers) who may not have been able to cooperate otherwise. It provides an overview of the phenomenon of “the platform revolution” (from classic value chain logic to platform business logic). It goes on to explain different types of platform (innovation platform, transaction platform, integration platform), the principles of platform business (network effects, the distribution power law, asymmetric growth and competition) and the tacit cooperative strategies of suppliers, platform providers, and customers. Cooperation is tacit—providers do not interact and customers do not interact, except through ratings. The platform system is set up to maintain this condition. The chapter concludes with an overview of platform governance.

More Communication

2030 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger van Santen ◽  
Djan Khoe ◽  
Bram Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Transmission Towers ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Set Up

Things were very different 20 years ago. There was no Internet and no e-mail. The first text message had yet to be sent. Many European countries were still opening enormous transmission towers to put the finishing touches to their national television networks. Go back another 20 years, just as the first push-button phones were hitting the market, and a single computer would have taken up an entire living room should anyone have ever considered installing one. International phone calls were so expensive that people often timed them with stopwatches. The world has shrunk considerably since those days. E-mailing a research report or chatting online has become second nature. We can collaborate with someone on the other side of the world almost as easily as we can with a person two streets away. Companies use the Internet to outsource their accounts to India. Photographers sell their work all over the world. And if we want to, we can listen to Japanese radio in our European offices. Much of this book was written far away from the experts we interviewed. Yet in all the hundreds of phone calls, e-mails, and video sessions that went into its production, nobody paid the slightest thought to the physical distances separating us. As the world shrinks, the way we use our communication networks intensifies. The volume of data we send is doubling every year, and the capacity of computer networks and telephone cables inexorably increases, too. Communication technology continues to improve at a rapid rate. And with each doubling of capacity, the price of transporting information halves. Things will no doubt look very different again 20 years from now. By that time, for instance, regions that currently lack Internet access will have been connected. The first signs of these changes are already apparent. Africans are playing an important part in computer projects set up around the world by volunteers. They are involved, for instance, in developing Linux—the open-source alternative to the Windows and Macintosh operating systems. Projects like this give programmers the chance to take part in global technological developments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document