scholarly journals The Efficiency Score of Small Accommodation Businesses in Non-Coastal Rural Areas in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11005
Author(s):  
Eleni Dimitriadou ◽  
Thomas Bournaris ◽  
Theodoros Stavrinoudis ◽  
Olga Iakovidou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Interval Efficiency

Small accommodation businesses dominate the rural hospitality industry, producing simple or complex tourist products and services in order to be sustainable and competitive. In this paper, a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied in a representative sample of 151 small accommodation businesses in non-coastal areas in the region of Central Macedonia in Greece. In the first stage, DEA-bootstrapping is applied to estimate point and interval efficiency ratios of accommodation businesses and identify the benchmark accommodations. The double bootstrapping truncated procedure of Simar and Wilson is implemented in the second stage to investigate the role of five business factors in terms of efficiency. The findings suggest that small accommodation businesses, although they are based in areas where tourist resources abound, are inefficient. Moreover, the results of the truncated regression method showed that the business’s size, the operating days, and the variety of activities (simple/complex) affect business’s inefficiency. On the contrary, the business’s age and their engagement in agriculture or not do not affect business’s efficiency. The results are important for rural entrepreneurs and policy makers, and they will also be useful for the adaptation of businesses to increase their efficiency.

Labour-use Efficiency of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank: Branch- and District-level Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110243
Author(s):  
Mohuya Deb Purkayastha ◽  
Joyeeta Deb ◽  
Ram Pratap Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

The present study estimated labour-use efficiency of 48 branches of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank at its branch level, covering three districts of Barak Valley, which falls under Silchar region of the bank for the time period from 2010–2011 to 2017–2018. The study applied data envelopment analysis for estimating labour-use efficiency. In the second stage, the study applied censored Tobit regression for determining the impact of several contextual variables on efficiency. The study reveals that the mean labour-use efficiency score of the selected branches is 76% when averaged for the in-sample branches over the observation period. Results of the Tobit regression identified cluster 2 and total business of the branches as the significant factors for determining efficiency and the number of employees as a significant variable influencing inefficiency. JEL Classifications: G2, G20, G21, J3

Shareholder activism impact on efficiency in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Guimaraes ◽  
Ricardo P.C. Leal ◽  
Peter Wanke ◽  
Matthew Morey
Keyword(s):  
Shareholder Activism ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
A Company

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the long-term impact of shareholder activism on Brazilian listed companies. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a sample of 194 companies in 2010, 2012 and 2014 and a two-stage data envelopment analysis to generate an efficiency score based on corporate governance, ownership structure and financial characteristics of companies. In the second stage, the study applies a bootstrap truncated regression to identify whether there is a relationship between the efficiency scores and a company-level activism index. Findings The results show a negative correlation between the efficiency scores and the activism index, suggesting that activist shareholders tend to target less efficient companies. A time analysis over the period 2010-2014 does not offer evidence of impacts of activism on changes of the efficiency scores. Practical implications Activist shareholders target less efficient companies. Shareholder activism increased after regulation that facilitated shareholder voting and required greater company transparency was introduced. Originality/value The two-stage nature of the procedure used in the analysis ascertains that this result is not spurious, assuring data separability between productive resources and contextual variables. This study contributes to the scarce literature on activism in emerging markets.

scholarly journals The efficiency of public expenditure on Higher Education: a study with Brazilian Federal Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (109) ◽  
pp. 1076-1097
Author(s):  
David Daniel Hammes Junior ◽  
Leonardo Flach ◽  
Luísa Karam de Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Determining Factors

Abstract This study aims to describe the determining factors in efficiency of public expenditures in Brazilian Federal Universities. A two-stage survey method was applied for a sample of fifty-nine Brazilian Federal Universities, from 2013 to 2017. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was applied for the first stage in order to measure the efficiency of public expenditures. For the second stage, a truncated regression model was applied, with a double bootstrap procedure for bias correction and statistical significance test of the variables. Results show that some Brazilian Federal Universities were inefficient during this period. Considering the truncated regression model of Simar and Wilson (2007), significant variables that influence the efficiency of public expenditures in federal universities were: public expenditures in Higher Education, number of professors, amount of enrolments, amount of graduates, total expenditures with employees and total amount of employees. Therefore, this study has contributed to scientific literature showing that these variables play a key role to public efficiency in federal universities.

Effects of Data Envelopment Analysis on Performance Assessment

2018 ◽  
pp. 557-581
Author(s):  
Heinz Ahn ◽  
Nadia Vazquez Novoa
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Controlling Processes

This paper examines the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology from a cognitive perspective. Specifically, it analyzes (a) the role of DEA scores as an overall efficiency measure and (b) to what extent the presence of DEA scores for a non-financial performance appraisal influences a posterior financial performance assessment. The study confirms that the efficiency score acts as a strong performance marker when deciding on which decision making units (DMUs) should be awarded for their non-financial performance. Furthermore, it shows that the results of the non-financial performance evaluation may act as an anchor which significantly influences a posterior financial assessment. These insights have practical consequences for planning, reporting, and controlling processes that incorporate DEA efficiency scores.

An Approach Combining DEA and ANN for Hotel Performance Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Himanshu Sharma ◽  
Gunmala Suri ◽  
Vandana Savara
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
Hotel Service ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

For a hotel to succeed in the long run, it becomes vital to achieve higher profits along with increased performance. The performance evaluation of a hotel can signify its sustainable competitiveness within the hospitality industry. This article performs a two-stage study that combines data envelopment analysis (DEA) and artificial neural network (ANN) to evaluate hotel performance. The first stage to evaluate the efficiency for hotels is by using the DEA technique. The input variables considered are the number of rooms and the ratings corresponding to six aspects of a hotel (service, room, value, location, sleep quality, and cleanliness). Also, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and customer satisfaction (CS) are the output variables. The distinguishing factor of this article is that it involves the use of EWOM for performance evaluation. In the second stage, the performance of the hotels is judged by using the ANN technique. The ANN results showed that the performance of the hotels is quite good. Finally, discussions based on the results and scope for future studies are provided.

scholarly journals Advertising efficiency in the Spanish beer industry: spending too much?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sellers-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Brand Portfolio ◽  
First Time ◽  
Advertising Efficiency

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate advertising efficiency in the Spanish beer industry and to analyse the effects of several environmental variables and brand portfolio scope on advertising efficiency scores. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage double bootstrap procedure is used. In the first stage, advertising efficiency is estimated using a bootstrapped data envelopment analysis on a multiple input-output model of advertising. In the second stage, a bootstrapped truncated regression model is estimated to identify the determinants of advertising efficiency. Both stages are estimated simultaneously. The empirical application is carried out on a sample of Spanish brewers between 2007 and 2014. Findings Results show low advertising efficiency scores and highlight the effects that environment and brand portfolio scope have on these estimates. Originality/values For the first time, this paper analyses the effect of environmental variables and the brand portfolio scope on advertising efficiency in the beer industry.

scholarly journals Ranking DMUs by Calculating the Interval Efficiency with a Common Set of Weights in DEA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Rezaie ◽  
Tahir Ahmad ◽  
Siti-Rahmah Awang ◽  
Masumeh Khanmohammadi ◽  
Normah Maan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Common Set Of Weights ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Interval Efficiency ◽  
Decision Making Units

To evaluate the performance of decision making units (DMUs), data envelopment analysis (DEA) was introduced. Basically, the traditional DEA scheme calculates the best relative efficiency score (i.e., the “optimistic” efficiency) of each DMU with the most favorable weights. A decision maker may be unable to compare and fully rank the efficiencies of different DMUs that are calculated using these potentially distinct sets of weights on the same basis. Based on the literature, the assignable worst relative efficiency score (i.e., the “pessimistic” efficiency) for each DMU can also be determined. In this paper, the best and the worst relative efficiencies are considered simultaneously. To measure the overall performance of the DMUs, an integration of both the best and the worst relative efficiencies is considered in the form of an interval. The advantage of this efficiency interval is that it provides all of the possible efficiency values and an expanded overview to the decision maker. The proposed method determines the lower- and upper-bounds of the interval efficiency over a common set of weights. To demonstrate the implementation of the introduced method, a numerical example is provided.

scholarly journals The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak ◽  
Małgorzata Kołodziejczak
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Role

Ensuring food security has become an issue of key importance to countries with different degrees of economic development, while the agricultural sector plays a strategic role in improving food availability. The aim of this paper is to identify relationships between the undernourishment scale and selected characteristics describing the agricultural sector within identified clusters of developing countries. Typological groups of countries were separated using Ward’s method. It results from the analyses that the greatest problems with maintaining food security are observed in the developing countries with a high share of agriculture in their Gross Domestic Product (GDP), adverse conditions hindering agricultural production and deficient infrastructure. Based on research results desirable and tailored strategies for food security improvement in individual clusters were developed. Promoting investments in agricultural infrastructure and extension services along with adopting measures aimed at increasing the households’ purchasing power, especially those in rural areas, appear to be key drivers for improving both food availability and food access. The paper focuses not only on identifying the reasons of undernourishment, but also contributes to recognition of the most effective ways to solve the hunger problem under a country’s unique conditions. It offers a comprehensive perspective for the policy formulation in various areas world-wide, which may be of interest to scholars and policy makers.

scholarly journals Performance of Malaysian Insurance Companies Using Data Envelopment Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ng Jia Bao ◽  
Rohaizan Ramlan ◽  
Fazeeda Mohamad ◽  
Azlina Md Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the local insurance in Malaysia for the period 2014-2015. The major challenge in the insurance industry is increasing competition in this market. Besides that, problematic in performance measurement to evaluate performance is another challenge in insurance industry. 24 local insurance companies involved in this study using quantitative method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) output-orientation CCR model. This study utilizes three inputs and three outputs; operating expenses, equity capital and commission as well as net premium, net investment income, and net incurred claim. The secondary data sources were derived from official data of local insurance companies’ annual report respectively. The DEA-Solver-LV version 8 tools were used to analyze the data that have been collected to evaluate the performance of local insurance company. This DEA model allows integration of the performance for the insurance companies and provides management overall performance evaluation. The results showed that there are 8 efficient companies in 2014 and 9 efficient companies in 2015. The average efficiency score in 2014 was increased from 78.9% to 79.1% in 2015. The findings from this study will benefit the insurance associations in Malaysia, management of insurances companies and policy makers.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATORS IN RURAL INSTITUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Vilma Atkočiūnienė ◽  
Gintarė Vaznonienė ◽  
Alvydas Aleksandravičius
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Positive Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Rural Institutions ◽  
Paradigm Analysis ◽  
Economic Globalisation

In rural areas where life is slower but social problems tend to be deeper there is a need for urgent, pro-active and professional area-orientated development decisions. Due to challenges posed to agriculture by economic globalisation and sustainable development, both theoretical and applied scientific research is necessary for improving agricultural and rural development policies as well as their management. It should be highlighted that the demand for professional and innovative activities is significantly higher in rural development compared to the other sectors. The aim of this research is to explore the role and the functions of rural development administrators in rural institutions. The methodology of this research is based on the positive research paradigm, analysis of content and descriptive analysis, empirical study methods, logical and systematical reasoning, abstract and other methods. In order to assess the role of rural development administrators, three groups of experts (professionals, NGO and leaders of government organisations) were selected. Their opinions enabled the comparison of assumptions regarding the behaviour of rural development administrators as well as their participation in the process of rural development. The findings are expected to be useful for local, regional and national rural development policy makers and other actors inter-ested in management of rural development innovations in public sector.

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