scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of the Hybrid Solar PV/H/Fuel Cell Based Supply Scheme for Green Mobile Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12508
Author(s):  
Md. Sanwar Hossain ◽  
Abdullah G. Alharbi ◽  
Khondoker Ziaul Islam ◽  
Md. Rabiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Solar Pv

Hydrogen has received tremendous global attention as an energy carrier and an energy storage system. Hydrogen carrier introduces a power to hydrogen (P2H), and power to hydrogen to power (P2H2P) facility to store the excess energy in renewable energy storage systems, with the facts of large-scale storage capacity, transportability, and multiple utilities. This work examines the techno-economic feasibility of hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/hydrogen/fuel cell-powered cellular base stations for developing green mobile communication to decrease environmental degradation and mitigate fossil-fuel crises. Extensive simulation is carried out using a hybrid optimization model for electric rnewables (HOMER) optimization tool to evaluate the optimal size, energy production, total production cost, per unit energy production cost, and emission of carbon footprints subject to different relevant system parameters. In addition, the throughput, and energy efficiency performance of the wireless network is critically evaluated with the help of MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations taking multipath fading, system bandwidth, transmission power, and inter-cell interference (ICI) into consideration. Results show that a more stable and reliable green solution for the telecommunications sector will be the macro cellular basis stations driven by the recommended hybrid supply system. The hybrid supply system has around 17% surplus electricity and 48.1 h backup capacity that increases the system reliability by maintaining a better quality of service (QoS). To end, the outcomes of the suggested system are compared with the other supply scheme and the previously published research work for justifying the validity of the proposed system.

Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybrid System With Energy Storage for CHP Production in Household Sector

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ancona ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power System ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Continuous Power

The penetration of renewable sources, particularly wind and solar, into the grid has been increasing in recent years. As a consequence, there have been serious concerns over reliable and safety operation of power systems. One possible solution, to improve grid integrity, is to integrate energy storage devices into power system network: storing energy produced in periods of low demand to later use, ensuring full exploitation of intermittent available sources. Focusing on photovoltaic energy system, energy storage is needed with the purpose of ensuring continuous power flow to minimize or to neglect electrical grid supply. A comprehensive study on a hybrid micro-CHP system based on photovoltaic panels using hydrogen as energy storage technologies has been performed. This study examines the feasibility of replacing electricity provided by the grid with a hybrid system to meet household demand. This paper is a part of an experimental and a theoretical study which is currently under development at University of Bologna where a test facility is under construction for the experimental characterization of a small scale cogenerative power system. This paper presents the theoretical results of a hybrid system performance simulations made of a photovoltaic array an electrolyzer with a H2 tank and a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell stack designed to satisfy typical household electrical demand. The performance of this system have been evaluated by the use of a calculation code, in-house developed by the University of Bologna. Results of the carried out parametric investigations identify photovoltaic and fuel cell systems’ optimal size in order to minimize the purchasing of electrical energy from the grid. Future activities will be the tuning of the software with the experimental results, in order to realize a code able to define the correct size of each sub-system, once the load profile of the utility is known or estimated.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimum Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Sustainable Energy Supply to a Green Cellular Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sanwar Hossain ◽  
Abu Jahid ◽  
Khondoker Ziaul Islam ◽  
Mohammed H. Alsharif ◽  
Md. Fayzur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System

A hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/biomass generator (BG) energy-trading framework between grid supply and base stations (BSs) is proposed in this article to address the power crisis of the utility grid, to enhance energy self-reliance, and to downsize the cost. The optimal size, technical criteria, energy generation, and different types of costs have been evaluated considering the dynamic behavior of solar radiation, traffic arrival intensity, and average biomass energy potential. Additionally, the wireless network performance in terms of total achievable throughput, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE) are extensively examined using the MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations taking multipath fading, system bandwidth, transmission power, and inter-cell interference (ICI) into consideration. The numerical results demonstrate that the energy-trading facility can achieve net present cost (NPC) and greenhouse gas saving up to 3.20% and 65.8%, respectively. In the end, the performance of the hybrid solar PV/BG system has been thoroughly compared with the standalone solar PV, hybrid PV/wind turbine (WT), and hybrid PV/diesel generator (DG) systems under on-grid and off-grid configurations for benchmarking.

scholarly journals Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) for District Heating and Cooling: A Novel Modeling Approach Applied in a Case Study of a Finnish Urban District

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Todorov ◽  
Kari Alanne ◽  
Markku Virtanen ◽  
Risto Kosonen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Cooling Loads

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) combined with ground-source heat pumps (GSHP) offer an attractive technology to match supply and demand by efficiently recycling heating and cooling loads. This study analyses the integration of the ATES–GSHP system in both district heating and cooling networks of an urban district in southwestern Finland, in terms of technoeconomic feasibility, efficiency, and impact on the aquifer area. A novel mathematical modeling for GSHP operation and energy system management is proposed and demonstrated, using hourly data for heating and cooling demand. Hydrogeological and geographic data from different Finnish data sources is retrieved in order to calibrate and validate a groundwater model. Two different scenarios for ATES operation are investigated, limited by the maximum pumping flow rate of the groundwater area. The additional precooling exchanger in the second scenario resulted in an important advantage, since it increased the heating and cooling demand covered by ATES by 13% and 15%, respectively, and decreased the energy production cost by 5.2%. It is concluded that dispatching heating and cooling loads in a single operation, with annually balanced ATES management in terms of energy and pumping flows resulted in a low long-term environmental impact and is economically feasible (energy production cost below 30 €/MWh).

scholarly journals Sizing of Energy Storage with Network Constraints Economic Dispatch of Fuel Cell Micro-Turbine and Renewable Energy Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-891
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Micro Turbine ◽  
Battery Energy

Micro-Grid is the appropriate solution to various problems in the power system. Different types of energy sources, likewise Fuel cell (FC), Micro-Turbine (MT) and renewable energy sources can be integrated with micro-grids (MG). The battery energy storage has played a crucial role to support the power mismatch of on-grid or off-grid MG. Therefore the optimal size of battery energy storage along with the optimal cost-based calculation has become an essential part for the micro-grid operator. The piecewise linear cost method is used for the cost based analysis. The main contribution of this paper is: (i) the optimal size of battery energy storage has been determined with a Fuel cell (FC) and Micro-Turbine (MT) based distribution generation (DG). (ii) The impact of battery storage with DG and renewable energy sources (RES) has been considered. (iii) The total benefit and market benefit has been maximised. (iv) The unit-commitment cost of FC and MT with spinning reserve, piecewise linear cost function, ramp rate, minimum up and downtime constraints has been considered for the sizing of battery storage. (v) The network constrained has been found to obtain minimum daily energy loss for the optimal size of battery storage. (vi) The state of charge (SOC) of battery, the power output of DG’s and RES, power loss, battery cost per day, operating cost of generation, etc. have been determined. The optimal sizing of battery energy storage determination is helpful for the both Microgrid operators as well as designers. The IEEE-33 bus test system with ZIP load has been carried out for analysis and result validation. The general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to solve the deterministic optimisation problem.

scholarly journals Optimal generation capacity mix in microgrid to meet demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Virendra Sharma ◽  
Piyush Kumar Choubey ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Lata Gidwani
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Battery Energy

<p>This paper presents an approach for optimal generation capacity mix to fulfill future power demand using a micro-grid model which is operated in both the on-grid and off-grid modes. This is achieved using the solar photovoltaic (PV) system, fuel-cell, and battery energy storage system (BESS) with and without the grid-connected mode. Different control approaches and optimal size of the generators are presented. Proposed micro grid with solar PV system, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and back scattered electron detector (BESD) is tested for different operational scenarios of loads. Comparative index of performance (CIP) is introduced to indicate effectiveness of the micro-grid operations in the off-grid mode. This is based on difference in the total harmonic distortions (THD) in both the on-grid and off-grid modes. This is established that CIP indicates that the micro-grid works efficiently in the both the on-grid and off- grid modes during the simulated events of the switching ON/OFF the loads at different test conditions. The optimal generation mix successfully met the load demand with and without grid having conventional generatio.</p>

scholarly journals Optimal Asset Planning for Prosumers Considering Energy Storage and Photovoltaic (PV) Units: A Stochastic Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Achiluzzi ◽  
Kirushaanth Kobikrishna ◽  
Abenayan Sivabalan ◽  
Carlos Sabillon ◽  
Bala Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Battery Energy

In the distribution system, customers have increasingly use renewable energy sources and battery energy storage systems (BESS), transforming traditional loads into active prosumers. Therefore, methodologies are needed to provide prosumers with tools to optimize their investments and increase business opportunities. In this paper, a stochastic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation is proposed to solve for optimal sizes of prosumer assets, considering the use of a BESS and photovoltaic (PV) units. The objective is to minimize the total cost of the system, which is defined as the combination of a solar PV system investment, BESS investment, maintenance costs of assets, and the cost of electricity supplied by the grid. The developed method defines the optimal size of PV units, the power/energy capacities of the BESS, and the optimal value for initial energy stored in the BESS. Both deterministic and stochastic approaches were explored. For each approach, the proposed model was tested for three cases, providing a varying combination of the use of grid power, PV units, and BESS. The optimal values from each case were compared, showing that there is potential to achieve more economic plans for prosumers when PV and BESS technologies are taken into account.

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

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