scholarly journals Substitute Building Materials in Geogrid-Reinforced Soil Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12519
Author(s):  
Sven Schwerdt ◽  
Dominik Mirschel ◽  
Tobias Hildebrandt ◽  
Max Wilke ◽  
Petra Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Fill Material ◽  
Furnace Slag

The feasibility of substitute building materials (SBMs) in engineering applications was investigated within the project. A geogrid-reinforced soil structure (GRSS) was built using SBM as the fill material as well as vegetated soil for facing and on top of the construction. Four different SBMs were used as fill material, namely blast furnace slag (BFS), electric furnace slag (EFS), track ballast (TB), and recycled concrete (RC). For the vegetated soil facing, a mixture of either recycled brick (RB) material or crushed lightweight concrete (LC) mixed with organic soil was used. The soil mechanical and chemical parameters for all materials were determined and assessed. In the next step, a GRSS was built as a pilot application consisting of three geogrid layers with a total height of 1.5 m and a slope angle of 60°. The results of the soil mechanical tests indicate that the used fill materials are similar or even better than primary materials, such as gravel. The results of the chemical tests show that some materials are qualified to be used in engineering constructions without or with minor restrictions. Other materials need a special sealing layer to prevent the material from leakage. The vegetation on the mixed SBM material grew successfully. Several ruderal and pioneer plants could be found even in the first year of the construction. The porous material (RB and LC) provide additional water storage capacity for plants especially during summer and/or heat periods. With regard to the results of the chemical analyses of the greening layers, they are usable under restricted conditions. Here special treatment is necessary. Finally, it can be stated that SBMs are feasible in GRSS, particularly as fill material but also as a mixture for the greenable soil.

scholarly journals Compacted Anthropogenic Materials as Backfill for Buried Pipes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Andrzej Głuchowski ◽  
Raimondas Šadzevičius ◽  
Rytis Skominas ◽  
Wojciech Sas
Keyword(s):  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Empirical Parameter ◽  
Backfill Material ◽  
Constrained Modulus ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Buried pipe design requires knowledge about the fill to design the backfill structure. The interaction between the backfill envelope and the pipe impacts the structural performance of the buried pipe. The backfill material and compaction level respond to the backfill’s overall strength and, therefore, for pipe-soil interaction. The strength of backfill material is described in terms of modulus of soil reaction E’ and constrained modulus Eode. As the E’ is an empirical parameter, the Eode can be measured in the laboratory by performing the oedometer tests. In this study, we have performed extensive oedometric tests on five types of anthropogenic materials (AM). Three of them are construction and demolition materials (C–D materials) namely, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), crushed brick (CB), and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). Two of them are industrial solid wastes (ISW) namely, fly ash and bottom slag mix (FA + BS) and blast furnace slag (BFS). The results of the tests revealed that AM behaves differently from natural aggregates (NA). In general, the Eode value for AM is lower than for NA with the same gradation. Despite that, some of AM may be used as NA substitute directly (RCA or BFS), some with special treatment like CB and some with extra compaction efforts like RAP or FA + BS.

scholarly journals Influence of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Materials on Building Energy Performance

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Tara L. Cavalline ◽  
Jorge Gallegos ◽  
Reid W. Castrodale ◽  
Charles Freeman ◽  
Jerry Liner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Building Energy Simulation ◽  
Building Energy Performance

Due to their porous nature, lightweight aggregates have been shown to exhibit thermal properties that are advantageous when used in building materials such as lightweight concrete, grout, mortar, and concrete masonry units. Limited data exist on the thermal properties of materials that incorporate lightweight aggregate where the pore system has not been altered, and very few studies have been performed to quantify the building energy performance of structures constructed using lightweight building materials in commonly utilized structural and building envelope components. In this study, several lightweight concrete and masonry building materials were tested to determine the thermal properties of the bulk materials, providing more accurate inputs to building energy simulation than have previously been used. These properties were used in EnergyPlus building energy simulation models for several types of commercial structures for which materials containing lightweight aggregates are an alternative commonly considered for economic and aesthetic reasons. In a simple model, use of sand lightweight concrete resulted in prediction of 15–17% heating energy savings and 10% cooling energy savings, while use of all lightweight concrete resulted in prediction of approximately 35–40% heating energy savings and 30% cooling energy savings. In more complex EnergyPlus reference models, results indicated superior thermal performance of lightweight aggregate building materials in 48 of 50 building energy simulations. Predicted energy savings for the five models ranged from 0.2% to 6.4%.

Application of High Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag in Field of Building Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xia He
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Great Production ◽  
Bf Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

High Ti-bearing blast furnace (BF) slag is the smelting waste of vanadium titano-magnetite. It has great production but low utilization. The high Ti-bearing BF slag is used in building materials industry, which recycles waste material, saves resources and energy, benefiting environmental protection and achieving sustainable development of resources. Study on the recycling of high Ti-bearing BF slag will be an important subject of our researches in future.

Strength Properties of Activated Hwangtoh Mortars

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
Dongsik Oh ◽  
Doheom Song ◽  
Seongseok Go
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Furnace Slag

Hwangtoh (loess) has pozzolanic properties that mean it can be used as a cement admixture when activated at high temperatures, and that it can be used in combination with building materials such as fly ash or blast furnace slag. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the compressive strength and the brick bond strength of various mortars containing hwangtoh, and also to find the optimum mixing conditions for the use of hwangtoh. It was found that the mortars’ strength properties are significantly influenced by the water/cement ratio W/C and the activated hwangtoh substitution ratio. We recommend the following materials and mixing conditions: W/C 60%, a cement substitution ratio of activated hwangtoh of 20 ~ 25%, and the addition of 10% blast furnace slag to improve the compressive strength of such mortars.

scholarly journals Geopolymer Based on Mechanically Activated Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilda Tole ◽  
Magdalena Rajczakowska ◽  
Abeer Humad ◽  
Ankit Kothari ◽  
Andrzej Cwirzen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

An efficient solution to increase the sustainability of building materials is to replace Portland cement with alkali-activated materials (AAM). Precursors for those systems are often based on water-cooled ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBFS). Quenching of blast furnace slag can be done also by air but in that case, the final product is crystalline and with a very low reactivity. The present study aimed to evaluate the cementitious properties of a mechanically activated (MCA) air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) used as a precursor in sodium silicate alkali-activated systems. The unreactive ACBFS was processed in a planetary ball mill and its cementing performances were compared with an alkali-activated water-cooled GGBFS. Mixes based on mechanically activated ACBFS reached the 7-days compressive strength of 35 MPa and the 28-days compressive strength 45 MPa. The GGBFS-based samples showed generally higher compressive strength values.

A REVIEW ON PERFORMANCE OF WASTE MATERIALS IN SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isham Ismail ◽  
Norwati Jamaluddin ◽  
Shahiron Shahidan
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Recycled Material

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) was first developed in late 80’s inJapan. SCC is well known for its self-consolidation and able to occupy spaces in the formwork without any vibration and become new interesting topic in Construction and Building Materials Research. There were various SCC researches that have been carried out inTurkey,Malaysia,Thailand,Iran,United Kingdom,Algeria, and India.The aim of this review is to summaries the alternative material used in the mix design from 2009 to 2015 through available literature. It hascommon materials such as Limestone Powder (LP), Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). While there are many alternative or recycled material can be used in producing SCC. This review only focus on waste material fromMarble Powder (MP), Dolomite Powder (DP), Crump Rubber (CR), Recycled Aggregate (RA) and Rise Husk Ash (RHA).Each type of materialshassimilarity effect in fresh and hardened state of SCC. Therefore, this paper will provide significant and useful information to those new to SCC and fellow researchers for future studies on SCC. 

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Ready-Mix Concrete: Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01071
Author(s):  
Dorra Ellouze ◽  
Aida Ghammouri ◽  
Rahma Ben Amar
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Minimal Cost ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Ready Mix Concrete

Ready-mix concrete (RMC) in Tunisia is becoming more and more in demand in the civil engineering sector thanks to its qualities of handling in the fresh state and resistance in the hardened state, this composite material must respect the quality-price ratio. A RMC with a minimal cost is the object of our work. This research is part of the opening of higher education on professional life, where we optimized the formulation of a RMC. This work has 3 axes. In the first place the resources in building materials were characterized, namely various samples of sand, gravel, cement and water. Subsequently, the adjuvant-cement ratio (A/C) was optimized. Finally, the workability of the concrete as well as its mechanical aptitude at various ages 7, 14 and 28 days were characterized. These examinations have resulted in an appropriate formulation for any type of resource that varies according to the provenance of the quarries (gravel and sand), the effect of the plasticizer-water reducer is found for a very interesting A/C ratio, the mechanical tests for different ages are also conclusive.

The Role of Industrial Waste in the Formation of the Structure and Properties of Effective Wall Ceramics

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Natalia D. Yatsenko ◽  
N.A. Vil'bitskaya ◽  
A.I. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Furnace Slag

The article deals with the use of blast furnace slag and mineralising additives as raw materials for the production of building materials. Innovative technologies of brick production from natural raw materials and industrial wastes are developed.

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