scholarly journals Disaster Risk Mapping: A Desk Review of Global Best Practices and Evidence for South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12779
Author(s):  
Giriraj Amarnath ◽  
Upali A. Amarasinghe ◽  
Niranga Alahacoon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
National Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Spatial Targeting ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
National Information

The frequency, intensity, and variability of natural hazards are increasing with climate change. Detailed sub-national information on disaster risks associated with individual and multi-hazards enables better spatial targeting of adaptation and mitigation measures. This paper reviews the global best practices of disaster risk mapping (DRM) to assess the nature and magnitude of disasters, and the vulnerability and risks at the sub-national level in South Asian countries. While some global DRMs focus on vulnerability, others assess risks. Most DRMs focus on national-level vulnerability and risks. Those which focus on the sub-national risks have a limited scope and different methodologies for evaluating risks, mainly in relation to the population. Climate change exposes not only people but also many infrastructures, assets and their impacts to disaster risk. For DRMs to be useful tools for sub-national planning, they require a coherent methodology and a high-resolution spatial focus. The vulnerability and risk assessments should focus on different aspects, including population, infrastructure, and assets in various economic sectors of agriculture, industry, and services.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF SOME CHANGES IN THE SECTORAL STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Iv. Stoycheva
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Level Of Aggregation

The regional economic opportunities for the development of economy are linked to the dynamics of regional disparities formation and to the implementation of adequate regional policy in order to achieve economic efficiency. The socio-economic development of the country depends on the appropriate and effective construction of such regional economic structures, which provide favorable development at both regional and national level. The purpose of this article is to assess the changes in the sectoral structure of the indicators gross value added and employment for the period 2008-2017 and to prove the importance of the services sector as a sector with a growing potential for development. Structural divergences at national level have been assessed at the level of aggregation of three main economic sectors-agriculture, industry and services. The achieved results on the strength and direction of structural changes show that the restructuring takes place at different rates in individual regions, as in regions with a more developed economy and more favorable indicators the dynamics of these processes predetermines structure in which the supply of services is highly prevalent.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of global and national systems for observing, monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and hazards with а view to reducing risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(62)) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Yaryna Tuzyak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting

The object of research is modern systems for observing, monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and hazards. Although early warning systems are often used to predict the magnitude, location and time of potentially hazardous events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of material damage, human consequences, service disruption or financial losses. Supplementing early warning systems with predictions of impact has the dual advantage of providing better information to governing bodies for informed emergency decisions and focusing the attention of various branches of science on the goal of mitigating or preventing negative effects. The publication analyses current trends in the growth of natural risks, taking into account the risks associated with global climate change. The issues related to the growing risks of natural disasters and catastrophes at the present stage of societal development and directions of activities at the international and national levels for their reduction are considered. Disaster risk prevention and mitigation measures are described and areas of work in this area are highlighted. The decision-making sequence model is given, global and regional systems of observation, analysis, detection, forecasting, preliminary warning and exchange of information on natural hazards related to weather, climate and water are described. The factors that «unbalance» the global economy in terms of intensity, magnitude, magnitude of losses due to catastrophic events are analyzed. Addressing disaster prevention requires a structure at the national level in each country that includes policy, institutional, legal, strategic and operational frameworks, as well as at the regional and societal levels. This structure will organize and implement disaster risk reduction activities and establish an organizational system that will understand disaster risk and ensure that it is reduced through public participation.

scholarly journals Tidal flood area mapping fronts the climate change scenarios: case study in a tropical estuary of Brazilian semiarid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Victor N. Araújo ◽  
Venerando E. Amaro ◽  
Leonlene S. Aguiar ◽  
Caio C. Lima ◽  
Alexandre B. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Management Actions

Abstract. Previous studies on tidal flood mapping are mostly with continental and/or global scale approaches. Besides, the few works on local scale perception are concentrated in Europe, Asia, and North America. Here we present a case study approaching a flood risk mapping methodology against climate change scenarios in a region with a strong environmental and social appeal. The study site is an estuarine cut in the Brazilian semi-arid, covering part of two state conservation units, which has been in recent years suffering severe consequences from flooding by tides. In this case study, high geodetic precision data (LiDAR DEM), together with robust tidal return period statistics and data from current sea level rise scenarios were used. We found that approximately 118.26 km2 of the estuary understudy is at high risk, extremely high risk and urgently in need of mitigation measures. This case study can serve as a basis for future management actions as well as a model for applying risk mapping in other coastal areas.

scholarly journals Are We Missing the Opportunity of Low-Carbon Lifestyles? International Climate Policy Commitments and Demand-Side Gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12760
Author(s):  
Janet Salem ◽  
Manfred Lenzen ◽  
Yasuhiko Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Full Range ◽  
National Level ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Lag Times

Current commitments in nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are insufficient to remain within the 2-degree climate change limit agreed to in the Paris Agreement. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that lifestyle changes are now necessary to stay within the limit. We reviewed a range of NDCs and national climate change strategies to identify inclusion of low-carbon lifestyles. We found that most NDCs and national climate change strategies do not yet include the full range of necessary mitigation measures targeting lifestyle change, particularly those that could reduce indirect emissions. Some exceptional NDCs, such as those of Austria, Slovakia, Portugal and the Netherlands, do include lifestyle changes, such as low-carbon diets, reduced material consumption, and low-carbon mobility. Most countries focus on supply-side measures with long lag times and might miss the window of opportunity to shape low-carbon lifestyle patterns, particularly those at early stages of development trajectories. Systemic barriers exist that should be corrected before new NDCs are released, including changing the accounting and reporting methodology, accounting for extraterritorial emissions, providing guidance on NDC scope to include the menu of options identified by the IPCC, and increasing support for national level studies to design demand-side policies.

scholarly journals Towards a Comprehensive Climate Adaptation Framework for India’s Port Infrastructure and Operations: Lessons from Global Best Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Pushp Bajaj ◽  
Chime Youdon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The ever-growing impacts of climate change such as extreme heat, more frequent heavy precipitation events, intensifying tropical revolving storms, and sea level rise continue to pose major threats to India’s critical maritime infrastructure. As the country moves towards its ambition of becoming a leading Blue Economy of the world, a wide range of initiatives have been taken by the central and state governments to expand the maritime sector with a specific focus on the transport sector. However, there is little emphasis being paid on protecting the existing and planned seaport infrastructure against the deleterious impacts of climate change. None of the major ports in India have a dedicated climate action strategy and climate adaptation finds no mention in the policy documents pertaining to the maritime transport sector. In this context, this paper aims to highlight the need for a comprehensive, holistic and dynamic climate change adaptation strategy for India’s port infrastructure including support infrastructure and supply chains. The adaptation strategy, at the individual ports’ level and the national level, must be preceded by rigorous risk assessment studies to identify and prioritise the major challenges arising from climate change at the local level. The paper draws upon international best practices in climate risk assessments and adaptation measures to provide a way forward for Indian ports

scholarly journals Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
The Impact

Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures a complicated process and community livelihoods are being seriously impacted. The current local community reality is that climate change and associated disasters are becoming more intense, unpredictable, frequent and costly impacting on rural and urban areas. Disaster Risk Reduction is very important. United Nations General Assembly already set the global policy with the hope that the impact of future disaster events on the community is substantially reduced. Solutions to internal refugee crises start at the local level and require that everyone plays a part: every city, every neighbourhood including farming areas, and every individual can contribute. Leaders must create spaces where everyone can live in safety, become self-reliant, and contribute to and participate in their local community, and not allow people to shift into slum areas after disasters strike. The UNISDR suggests community’s use of the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases after a disaster to increase the resilience of nations and communities; through integrating disaster risk reduction measures into the restoration of physical infrastructure and societal systems, and into the revitalization of livelihoods, economies, and the environment.

Impact of climate discourse on national scientific networks in energy technologies: the case of Estonian science and industry linkages

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-45
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
National Level ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
Research Agendas

This article examines how the global climate change discourse influences the implementation of national science policy in the area of energy technology, with a focus on industry and science collaborations and networks. We develop a set of theoretical propositions about how the issues in the global discourse are likely to influence research agendas and networks, the nature of industry-science linkages and the direction of innovation. The plausibility of these propositions is examined, using Estonia as a case study. We find that the global climate discourse has indeed led to the diversification of research agendas and networks, but the shifts in research strategies often tend to be rhetorical and opportunistic. The ambiguity of the global climate change discourse has also facilitated incremental innovation towards energy efficiency and the potentially sub-optimal lock-in of technologies. In sum, the Estonian case illustrates how the introduction of policy narratives from the global climate change discourse to the national level can shape the actual policy practices and also networks of actors in a complex and non-linear fashion, with unintended effects.

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