Water Stress Affects the Some Morpho-Physiological Traits of Twenty Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Field Condition

Water stress has become one of the foremost constraints to agricultural development, mostly in areas that are deficient in water. A field trial has been conducted to evaluate the performance of different twenty wheat genotypes under three stress treatments viz., control (T0) = normal watering, stress-1 (T1) = water stress from tillering up to maturity, and stress-2 (T2) = water stress from anthesis to maturity were used as treatments. The results revealed that a highly significant (p < 0.01) difference was observed among twenty wheat cultivars for morpho-physiological traits except for several tillers plant−1, spikeletspike−1, and relative water content. In the early days, 50% flowering was noted in Anmole-91 (64.33 days) under (T0), while Anmol-91 showed a relative decrease (RD-1) (−2.34 days) at days 50% flowering in (T1). The TJ-83 genotype showed an early response (−8.34 day) at days to 50% flowering under stress-2 (T2), but TD-I (−3.34) was observed to be relatively tolerant. Underwater stress from tillering to maturity (T1) SKD-1 was found more susceptible (−36.7 days) than other cultivars. Wheat cultivar Soghat-90 showed maximum RD-1 (−24.7) for grain yield plant−1 in stress-1 (T1) from tillering to maturity. Anmole-91, NIA-Sarang, and TD-I observed minimum was (−6) in the same water stress for various traits. Therefore, the findings of present work revealed that the best performing genotypes can be recommended for effective cultivation in future breeding programs.

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Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11210390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 266-276

Author(s):

Kamal MIRI-HESAR ◽

Ali DADKHODAIE ◽

Saideh DOROSTKAR ◽

Bahram HEIDARI

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Plant Production ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.

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Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/373/2012-pse ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 534-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G.Q. Wu ◽

L.N. Zhang ◽

Y.Y. Wang

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Shoot Length ◽

The Other ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Drought Tolerant

 To investigate the responses of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat cultivars, one drought tolerant (Heshangtou, HST) and the other drought sensitive (Longchun 15, LC15), 15-day-old wheat seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress of –0.25, –0.50, and –0.75 MPa for 2 days. It is found that osmotic stress decreased shoot length in both wheat cultivars, whereas to a lesser degree in HST than in LC15. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of shoot in both wheat cultivars were increased by osmotic stress. It is clear that MDA contents increased less in the more drought tolerant cultivar HST than in drought sensitive one LC15. On the contrary, POD and CAT activities increased more in HST than LC15 under osmotic stress. As the activity of SOD, however, no significant differences were found between HST and LC15. These results suggest that wheat cultivar HST has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and CAT to cope with oxidative damage caused by osmotic stress compared to sensitive LC15.  

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Gamma Irradiation Effects on Some Physiological Traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Control and Water Stress Conditions

American Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.3923/ajpp.2014.103.109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 103-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Bachiri ◽

R. Djebbar ◽

C. Djenadi

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Water Stress ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Irradiation Effects

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The Rate of Productive Tillers per Plant of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1604345k ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 345

Author(s):

Danijela Kondić ◽

Maja Bajić ◽

Đurađ Hajder ◽

Borut Bosančić

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Average Rate ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽

Set Up ◽

Banja Luka

The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2.

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Enhanced shoot regeneration in nine Australian wheat cultivars by spermidine and water stress treatments

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp01115 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Harjeet K. Khanna ◽

Grant E. Daggard

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Water Stress ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Dehydration Stress ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Regeneration Potential ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Australian Wheat

The regeneration potential of ageing calli initiated from isolated scutella of immature embryos was increased in nine elite Australian cultivars (QT7208, QT9685, QT7709, Kennedy, Lang, Sunvale, Giles, Petrie and Veery) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Firstly, the effects of 4–32 h of dehydration stress on regeneration of 4- to 20-week old calli were evaluated. Cultivars such as Veery, Kennedy and Sunvale showed significant improvement in regeneration from calli up to 12-weeks old that had undergone 16 h of dehydration stress. Secondly, 4- to 20-week old callus cultures were treated with 0.05–5 mM spermidine to evaluate its effect on regeneration. While spermidine had a negative effect on regeneration from 4-week old calli at all tested concentrations (as compared with untreated controls), there was a 3–50% improvement in the regeneration ability of older calli (16- to 20-week old) of all cultivars. Finally, exogenous application of 1 mM spermidine to 16-week old cultures, in combination with 16 h dehydration stress, improved plant regeneration by 10–65% in all nine cultivars.

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Growth And Yield Components Of Wheat Under Water Stress Of Different Growth Stages

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9264 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 455-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

M Akram

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Water Stress ◽

Yield Components ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Relative Water ◽

Different Growth Stages ◽

Water Contents

A field experiment was conducted to determine the sensitivity of wheat to water stress and changes in water relations and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water stress conditions applied at different growth stages. The experiment comprised of two wheat cultivars and four water stress treatments, maintained by withholding water at tillering, anthesis, and at both stages. Water stress caused reduction in leaf relative water contents, water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, growth and yield components of both the wheat cultivars. The results indicated that high value of relative water contents were associated with increased yield and yield components. Consecutive stresses at both growth stages caused severe reduction in yield and yield components in both cultivars of wheat. Keywords: Water stress; water relations; growth; Triticum aestivum; yield components. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9264 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 455-468

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