scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Irrigation Services in the Cold Winter Deserts of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Girma T. Kassie ◽  
Hasan Boboev ◽  
Ram Sharma ◽  
Akmal Akramkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Water Scarce

Irrigation facilities in the cold winter deserts (CWDs) of Uzbekistan are very traditional and poorly managed, resulting in low water use efficiency and low productivity. Improving the irrigation facilities in these deserts is a key priority for the country. This study intended to contribute towards the development of the irrigation systems through identification and quantification of the relative implicit values smallholder farmers confer to the key characteristics of irrigation facilities. We elicited preferences with discrete choice experiments, estimated willingness to pay for these attributes using random parameters logit models, and analyzed heuristics in the choice process using a series of latent class models. Our results show that farmers have clear preferences for higher watering frequency and no interest in sharing irrigation water with downstream users. We also observed that there are distinct groups of farmers with comparable but different levels of preference. The development of irrigation facilities in the water-scarce parts of Uzbekistan would benefit from careful consideration of the preferences of the target communities and targeting of the schemes based on the broad heterogeneities within the communities. This will aid in the maintenance of irrigation systems and, as a result, increase agricultural production and productivity.

Smallholder preferences and willingness-to-pay measures for microcredit

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Ding ◽  
Awudu Abdulai
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Interest Rate ◽  
Class Models

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine smallholders’ preferences and willingness to pay for microcredit products with varying attribute combinations, in order to contribute to the debate on the optimal design of rural microcredit. Design/methodology/approach Data used in this study are based on a discrete choice experiment from 552 randomly selected respondents. Mixed logit and latent class models are estimated to examine the choice probability and sources of preference heterogeneity. Endogenous attribute attendance models are applied to account for attribute non-attendance (ANA) phenomenon, focusing on separate non-attendance probability as well as joint non-attendance probability. Findings The results demonstrate that preference heterogeneity and ANA exist in the smallholder farmers’ microcredit choices. Averagely, smallholder farmers prefer longer credit period, smaller credit size, lower transaction costs and lower interest rate. Guarantor collateral method and installment repayment positively affect their preferences as well. Moreover, respondents are found to be willing to pay more for the attributes they consider important. The microcredit providers are able to attract new customers under the current interest rates, if the combination of attributes is appropriately adjusted. Originality/value This study contributes to the debate by assessing the preference trade-off of different microcredit attributes more comprehensively than in previous analyses, by taking preference heterogeneity and ANA into account.

scholarly journals Modelling smallholder farmers’ preferences for soil fertility management technologies in Benin: A stated preference approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253412
Author(s):  
Segla Roch Cedrique Zossou ◽  
Patrice Ygue Adegbola ◽  
Brice Tiburce Oussou ◽  
Gustave Dagbenonbakin ◽  
Roch Mongbo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Sub Saharan

The decline of soil fertility is a major constraint which results in lower levels of crop productivity, agricultural development and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study is the first to perform a focalized investigation on the most interesting technological profiles to offer to each category of producers in Benin agricultural development hubs (ADHs) using the stated preference method, more precisely, the improved choice experiment method. The investigation focused on 1047 sampled plots from 962 randomly selected producers in villages of the Smallholder Agricultural Productivity Enhancement Program in Sub-Saharan Africa of the ADHs. An analysis of the experimental choice data with the endogenous attribute attendance and the latent class models was carried out to account for the attribute non-attendance phenomenon and the heterogeneity of the producers’ preferences. However, three classes of producer with different socio-economic, demographic, and soil physicochemical characteristics were identified. Thus, the heterogeneity of preferences was correlated with the attributes linked to the cost, sustainability, and frequency of plot maintenance. All producers, regardless of the ADHs, had a strong attachment to accessibility of technologies with short time restoration of soil fertility, and the ability to obtain additional benefits. These latest attributes, added to that relating to cost, tended to have a low probability of rejection in the decision-making process. These results have implications for local decision-makers facing the complex problem of resolving land degradation and local economic development challenges. The generalizability of these findings provides useful insight and direction for future studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.

OP340 Kidney Patients’ Preferences For A Wearable Digital Health Technology To Support Self-Management Of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Discrete Choice Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Vijay S. Gc ◽  
Cynthia Iglesias ◽  
Seda Erdem ◽  
Lamiece Hassan ◽  
Andrea Manca
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Health Technologies

IntroductionWearable Digital Health Technologies (WDHTs) can support and enhance self-management by giving individuals with chronic conditions more control over their health, safety and wellbeing. Involving patients early on in the design of these technologies facilitates the development of person-centered products. It may increase the potential uptake of (and adherence to) any intervention they are designed to deliver. This research aims to elicit chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients’ preferences for WDHTs that may help patients manage their conditions.MethodsWe used discrete choice experiments (DCE) to elicit preferences for WDHTs characterized by their generalizable characteristics. The study design was informed by a multi-stage mixed-method approach (MSMMA). This included a review of the published literature, focus group interviews and one-to-one interactions with CKD patients to identify relevant characteristics (that is, attributes and levels) associated with wearable DHTs. We collected the data from 113 patients (age ≥18 years) with stage 3 or above CKD. The analysis started with a conventional multinomial logit model and was extended by investigating heterogeneity in preferences via latent class models.ResultsOur MSMMA yielded ten potential attributes for consideration in a choice task. The final list included five attributes, cross-checked and validated by the research team, and patient representatives. The most preferred attributes of WDHTs were device appearance, format and type of information provided, and mode of engagement with patients. Respondents preferred a discreet device, which offered options that individuals could choose from and provided medical information.ConclusionsWe show how to use MSMMA to elicit user preferences in (and to inform the) early stages of the development of WDHTs. Individuals with CKD preferred specific characteristics that would make them more likely to engage with the self-management support WDHT. Our results provide valuable insights that can be used to inform the development of different WDHTs for different segments of the CKD patients population, moving away from a one-size-fits-all provision and resulting in population health gains.

scholarly journals Eliciting Egg Consumer Preferences for Organic Labels and Omega 3 Claims in Italy and Hungary

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Hua Yeh ◽  
Davide Menozzi ◽  
Áron Török
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Product And Process

This paper investigates consumers’ preferences for egg purchase in two European countries, Hungary and Italy. We utilize random parameter logit models to interpret the results of discrete choice experiments (DCE) for the elicitation of preference of the egg consumers. A sample of 403 in the Hungarian survey and 404 in the Italian survey were recruited in summer 2018. The DCE questionnaire includes the following product and process characteristics: organic labels, nutrition and health claims, and price. Our results show that for Hungarian and Italian consumers, the price is the most important attribute, followed by the nutrition and health claim and the organic production labelling. Three egg consumer segments can be identified via latent class models for each country. In both countries, we found similar consumer groups, the Price Sensitive and Quality Optimizing Opportunist Consumers and Health Conscious Buyers, respectively. Particularly, compared to the other segments the Health Conscious Buyers (46% in Hungary and 49% in Italy) exhibited stronger preference for and are willing to pay a higher price premium for eggs with organic label and nutrition claims. In Italy, we identified a third segment with consumers preferring simpler labelling approach, whilst in Hungary we found a consumer segment distrusting the EU organic logo.

scholarly journals Are Consumers Willing to Pay a Premium for Pure Rice Noodles? A Study of Discrete Choice Experiments in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6144
Author(s):  
Yu-Hui Chen ◽  
Kai-Han Qiu ◽  
Kang Ernest Liu ◽  
Chun-Yuan Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Class Model

Most consumers in Taiwan have never eaten pure rice noodles (PRNs) and some may mistakenly treat corn starch-based rice noodles as PRNs. This study examines consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for PRNs using discrete choice (DC) experiments with a blind tasting test to understand consumers’ ability to identify PRNs with varying rice content on the basis of their appearance and taste. Collecting data from the Taipei metropolitan area, our DC experimental results of both pre- and post-experiment conditions show that Taiwanese consumers do prefer PRNs and their WTP for PRNs was strengthened. A latent class model highlights that attribute preferences tend to differ by group and thus rice content ratios should be properly labeled so that consumers can make a better choice according to their preferences. Our WTP estimates also imply that offering tasting trials to consumers is an effective marketing strategy to encourage potential purchases of PRNs for the rice noodle industry.

scholarly journals Variation of Actual Corn (Zea Mays L.) Evapotranspiration, Single and Dual Crop Coefficient Under Different Point Source Irrigation Systems in a Semiarid Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Kanani ◽  
Hossein Dehghanisanij ◽  
Samira Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Abstract Paying attention to irrigation of corn could have significant attention on water resources. The experiment was carried out to consider the influence of porous capsule irrigation (PCI), surface drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems under mulch condition on actual evapotranspiration (ETc act), crop coefficients (Kc single and Kc dual), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of corn in a semi-arid region of Iran. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three irrigation systems as the main-factor and two soil coverage with mulch (M1) and non- mulch (M2) as sub- factor. The results showed that corn ETc act varied significantly with different irrigation systems (P < 0.05), and was reported 389.8, 377.0 and 372.8 mm for PCI, DI and SDI systems, respectively. The highest value of Kc average and Kcb (0.82 and 1.22, respectively) and the minimum value of Ke (0.12) were seen in PCI system. The dry and wet biological yield were the highest in (PCI + M1) treatment (29.98 and 107 ton/ ha, respectively), and the lowest dry and wet biological yield were recorded in (DI + M2) treatment (23.19 and 58.54 ton/ha, respectively). The highest WUE (7.89 kg/m3) were recorded in (PCI + M1) treatment. Using PCI system leads to higher biological yield, WUE and IWUE in comparison to DI and SDI systems. Accordingly, PCI system as an alternative to drip irrigation system can be a viable option for water scarce area particularly for smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF BREEDING STOCK BY U.S. MEAT GOAT PRODUCERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
NARAYAN NYAUPANE ◽  
JEFFREY GILLESPIE ◽  
KENNETH MCMILLIN ◽  
ROBERT HARRISON ◽  
ISAAC SITIENEI
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Class Models ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractUsing nationwide survey data, we investigate U.S. meat goat producer preferences and willingness to pay for meat goat breeding stock attributes. Discrete choice experiments were employed, and mixed logit and latent class models were used for analysis. Results showed that producers preferred animals that were highly masculine/feminine, had good structure and soundness, and were of the Boer breed, whereas they preferred fewer animals that were older, of Kiko and Spanish breeds, and priced higher. Significant preference heterogeneity was found among the respondents. Larger-scale producers had greater preference for high masculinity/femininity, good structure and soundness, and Boer bucks.

scholarly journals How does Farmer Preference matter in Crop variety Adoption? The case of Improved Cassava varieties’ Adoption in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pinamang Acheampong ◽  
Victor Owusu ◽  
Gyeile Nurah
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Variety Traits ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Abstract Ghana’s National Agricultural Research Systems have officially released 24 improved cassava varieties, which are high yielding, disease and pest resistant and early maturing. However, adoption of these varieties by mainly smallholder farmers is very low, leading to low yields and incomes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development and adoption of improved cassava varieties by assessing the preferences of farmers for cassava variety traits. The study explored Ghanaian cassava producers’ decision-making behaviour towards variety selection and the values they place on different cassava traits. It employed mixed logit and latent class models to estimate the values place on cassava traits, by using choice experiment data of 450 cassava producers from Ghana. Results revealed farmers’ preferences for longevity of root storage in the soil and disease resistance traits of cassava. The latent class model revealed that male youths were more likely to participate in improved varieties that take into account in-soil storage and multiple usages. The need for agricultural research systems to focus on other traits in addition to high yielding and disease resistance in order to boost adoption and increase production is imperative.

scholarly journals Using discrete choice experiments to explore how bioecological attributes of sites drive birders’ preferences and willingness to travel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Salvo ◽  
Giuseppe Cucuzza ◽  
Giovanni Signorello
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Birding Sites ◽  
Welfare Changes ◽  
Class Models

AbstractA study based on discrete choice experiments is conducted to investigate how bioecological attributes of birding sites enter the utility functions of specialized birders and affect their travel intentions. Estimates are based on generalized multinomial and scales-adjusted latent class models. We find that the probability of observing a rare or a new bird species, and the numerosity of species significantly affect birders’ choice destination. We also find that individual preferences among attributes are correlated and affected by scale and taste heterogeneity. We identify two latent classes of birders. In the first class fall birders attaching a strong interest in qualitative aspects of sites and low importance on distance from home. Class 2 groups birders addicted both on all qualitative and quantitative bioecological attributes of sites as well as on the distance. In general, we assess that the majority of birders prefer to travel short distances, also when the goal is viewing rare or new birds. Finally, we estimate marginal welfare changes in biological attributes of sites in terms of willingness to travel.

Developmental Measurement of Mental Attention

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pascual-Leone ◽  
Raymond Baillargeon
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Categorical Data Analysis ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Mental Attention ◽  
Constructivist Model ◽  
Discrete Manner ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Data Analysis System

A dialectical constructivist model of mental attention ("effort") and of working memory is briefly presented, and used to explicate subjects' processing in misleading test items. We illustrate with task analyses of the Figural Intersections Test (FIT). We semantically derive a set of 10 Theoretical Structural Predictions (TSP) that stipulate relations between mental attentional resources (mental-power: Mp) and the systematically varied mental demand of items (mental-demand: Md), as they jointly codetermine probable performance (conditional probabilities of passing and failing). These predictions are evaluated on first approximation using a known family of ordered Latent Class models, all probabilistic versions of Guttman's unidimensional scale. Parameters of these models were estimated using the Categorical Data Analysis System of Eliason (1990). Main results are: (1) Data fit Lazarsfeld's latent-distance model, providing initial support for our 10 predictions; (2) The M-power of children (latent Mp-classes) when assessed behaviourally may increase with age in a discrete manner, and have the potential to generate interval scales of measurement; (3) In the light of our results what statisticians often consider "error of measurement" appears (in part) to be signal, not noise: The organismic signal of misleading (Y-) processes that in their dialectical (trade-off) interaction with success-producing (X-) processes generate performance.

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