The Impact of Rice Import Policy on Community Economic Welfare in East Java

This study aims to identify policies, levels of imports, production and consumption in East Java, to analyze the impact of rice import tariff policies on production and consumption and also the community welfare changes in East Java. The data that used in this study are secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), BULOG, and other research. The method of analysis uses the 2SLS simultaneous equation and the economic surplus simulation. The results showed that from 2004 to 2018, East Java always had a higher rice production rate than the consumption, but still continued to do rice import to maintain price stabilization. The simulation of a tariff increase causes an increase in production and a decrease in consumption, and vice versa. Liberalization of the rice trade (tariff exemption) has led to greater economic welfare, but from a distribution point of view, producers receive a smaller surplus than consumers, which means that the benefit distribution aspect of government policies is not realized, so the government must pay more attention to producer surpluses and consumer surpluses without much disadvantage one of the parties.

ALTERNATIVE NUMERAIRES FOR MEASURING WELFARE CHANGES: REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION STUDIES

This study examines numeraire or an account unit that measures household welfare changes. Although money metric usually determines budget constraint, textbook explanations of the alternative metrics are limited. Therefore, the study aimed to fill the existing gap by systematically and qualitatively analysing previously published articles on environmental valuation in developing countries. The results showed the existence of alternative numeraires in working time, commodities, and financing. The alternative metrics are useful in the valuation of environmental goods and services in developing countries, especially those involving poor respondents and underdeveloped monetary transactions. The nonmonetary payments reduce zero bids due to the inability of subsistence people to pay in cash and help the poor express their true environmental values.

The Relationship Among Economic Structure, Sectoral Workforce, and Community Welfare in Bali Province

Economic performance that can be achieved by regions cannot be separated from the influence of sectoral economic policies. The difference in economic performance, particularly the economic growth achieved by each region, affected to the inequality in development, which is reflected in the structure of the regional economy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of changes in the economic structure on the structure of sectoral employment and the welfare of the people in Bali Province. Data were analyzed by path analysis. The results shows that the changes in economic structure have a positive and significant effect on the structure of employment. Partially, the changes in the economic structure and the structure of employment has a negative and significant effect on people's welfare. Changes in the economic structure have an indirect effect on people's welfare through the structure of employment in Bali Province.

Using discrete choice experiments to explore how bioecological attributes of sites drive birders’ preferences and willingness to travel

A study based on discrete choice experiments is conducted to investigate how bioecological attributes of birding sites enter the utility functions of specialized birders and affect their travel intentions. Estimates are based on generalized multinomial and scales-adjusted latent class models. We find that the probability of observing a rare or a new bird species, and the numerosity of species significantly affect birders’ choice destination. We also find that individual preferences among attributes are correlated and affected by scale and taste heterogeneity. We identify two latent classes of birders. In the first class fall birders attaching a strong interest in qualitative aspects of sites and low importance on distance from home. Class 2 groups birders addicted both on all qualitative and quantitative bioecological attributes of sites as well as on the distance. In general, we assess that the majority of birders prefer to travel short distances, also when the goal is viewing rare or new birds. Finally, we estimate marginal welfare changes in biological attributes of sites in terms of willingness to travel.

Dampak Pembangunan Waterfront Pontianak CityTerhadap Perubahan Aspek Kehidupan Masyarakat Sekitar Tepian Sungai Kapuas

The purpose of the study with the title the impact of Pontianak City waterfront development on changes in aspects of community life around the banks of the Kapuas river, by taking the issue of how the economic situation of the community around before and after the construction of Waterfront Pontianak City and how the impact of the development of Pontianak City waterfront on aspects of community life around the banks of the river Kapuas. This research method is a descriptive qualitative approach, using interview and observation techniques. The results showed that the changes that occurred after the development of Waterfront Pontianak City experienced positive and negative impacts. Where these changes occur in economic aspects and social welfare. Changes in the economic aspects, namely they feel the income they get increased from before this development. But for the sake of the construction of the Waterfront Pontianak City, the government demolished the houses of residents around the banks of the Kapuas river. So this causes the pros and cons of the community because the community feels that the compensation given by the government is not what they expected.

Equivalence Gain of the Global Financial Crisis: A Note

By using the methodologies of Grinols (1984 , Journal of International Economics, 16[3–4], 271–293) and Grinols and Wong (1991 , Canadian Journal of Economics, 24[2], 428–449), we estimate the magnitudes of the welfare changes of China during the global financial crisis from 2007 to 2010. The results show that China’s welfare decreased in 2007, and the bursting of the housing bubble in the USA negatively affected China through international trade. However, the collapse of Lehman Brothers did not negatively affect China from 2008 to 2010. This may be because of the fiscal and monetary stimulus policies in the USA and China.

Analysis on part-time farmers’ welfare changes before and after rural land transfer

The premise of promoting the sustainable development of rural land transfer is that rural land transfer can improve the welfare level of farmers. Based on Amartya Sen’s theory of capability, this paper selects part-time farmers’ six welfare functional activities after rural land transfer, including family economic status, social security, health and leisure, social demand, psychological condition and occupational status. A multidimensional welfare measure model of having uneven distribution sensitive and satisfying “Subgroup Conformance” and “path independence” is used to measure the part-time farmers’ welfare changes after rural land transfer. The results show that the comprehensive welfare level of part-time farmers has improved before and after rural land transfer. From the sub dimension index, the welfare level of family economic situation, psychological condition and occupational status has increased obviously, the change of social security welfare level is not significant, the welfare level of health and leisure and social demand has declined, and the welfare loss of various dimensions is increased, which indicates that the welfare distribution of part-time farmers after rural land transfer is more unbalanced. Therefore, it is suggested that the welfare level of the part-time farmers can be improved by improving the rural social security, increasing the training of farmers’ employment knowledge, and providing non-agricultural employment opportunities, thus promoting the sustainable development of rural land transfer.

COVID-19: implications of self-isolation and social distancing for the emotional and behavioural health of equines, parrots and small prey pets

As the COVID-19 pandemic brings together health professionals from across the world to address the difficulties in controlling and reducing its spread, experts in human health are also considering the cost of control measures on human psychological welfare. This article concludes a short series of three pieces, considering the immediate consequences to our companion animals of reduced access to environmental and social stimulation outside the home while these animals experience increased exposure to social stimuli within the home. Some long-term emotional and behavioural effects are also considered. This article focuses on the welfare changes to equines, parrots and small prey animals as COVID-19 restrictions continue.