scholarly journals Does Social Insurance Block the Inter-Generational Transmission of Poverty? Evidence from the 2018 China Family Panel Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Xianhua Dai ◽  
Nian Gu
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Generational Transmission ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

In this research, we explored whether participation in pension insurance and medical insurance for children and fathers blocks the inter-generational transmission of poverty. Using data from the China Family Panel Survey of 2018, this paper took the average level of insurance participation of a sample group as an instrumental variable, applied the IV-probit model, and found that the participation of children in pension insurance and the participation of fathers in medical insurance significantly reduce the probability of the inter-generational transmission of poverty, but that the participation of children in medical insurance and the participation of fathers in pension insurance increase it. These results were robust. Furthermore, there was heterogeneity in household registration, geographical location, and marriage with regard to the impact of social insurance participation on the inter-generational transmission of poverty. These results could help the formulation of anti-poverty policies to address the inter-generational transmission of poverty.

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

scholarly journals Research on The Impact of Childhood Coping Strategies in Academics and Adolescence Lives of Students using Data Mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 404-408
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
The Impact

The role of a counsellor in educational institutions revolves mostly around academic and behavioural issues. The aim of this study is to identify common sources of stress among adolescence students and to determine the impact of coping strategies practised by the students in academics and life in general. The association between adolescent life, geographical location, stress sources, and coping strategies is explored in this work. Diverse factors contribute to stress, agitation and academic performanceamong students. The major factors that were considered for this study are regional and familial backgrounds of the students, their gender, residential status, communication skills, the five childhood coping strategies and their influence in the campus life. Counselling sessions were conducted for the students and the empirical data is classified using data mining techniques to analyze the factors that contribute to the behavioural aspects of the students.

The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Poverty: Analyzing the Dimensions by Race and Immigration

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Ajilore
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
State Level ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Earned Income Tax Credit ◽  
Tax Credit ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Poverty Transitions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on poverty transitions, with an emphasis on native-born African–Americans and immigration. A probit model is estimated using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which evaluates the impact of EITC participation and immigration on transitions out of poverty. The EITC is found to be a useful tool in combating poverty and is effective for African–Americans, though only for women. More importantly, the results show that the implementation of state-level EITCs can mitigate the adverse effects of immigration for native-born African–Americans.

scholarly journals Do Sports Crowd Out Books? The Impact of Intercollegiate Athletic Participation on Grades

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Insler ◽  
Jimmy Karam
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Athletic Participation ◽  
Naval Academy ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Promotion Rates ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the influence of intercollegiate athletic participation on grades using data from the U.S. Naval Academy. Athletic participation is an endogenous decision with respect to educational outcomes. To identify a causal effect, we develop an instrument via the Academy’s random assignment of students into peer groups. Instrumental variable (IVs) estimates suggest that sports participation modestly reduces recruited athletes’ grades. This finding has implications beyond college, as we also show that grades—not athletic participation—are most strongly associated with postcollegiate outcomes such as military tenure and promotion rates.

scholarly journals Do Study Abroad Programs Enhance the Employability of Graduates?

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
International Student ◽  
Study Abroad Programs ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Instrumental Variable Estimation ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data on a large sample of recent Italian graduates, this paper investigates the extent to which participation in study abroad programs during university studies impacts subsequent employment likelihood. To address the problem of endogeneity related to participation in study abroad programs, I use a combination of fixed effects and instrumental variable estimation where the instrumental variable is exposure to international student exchange schemes. My estimates show that studying abroad has a relatively large and statistically meaningful effect on the probability of being in employment three years after graduation. This effect is mainly driven by the impact that study abroad programs have on the employment prospects of graduates from disadvantaged (but not very disadvantaged) backgrounds, though positive but imprecise effects are also found for graduates from advantaged backgrounds.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Capital on Mental Health: Evidence from the China Family Panel Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Xianhua Dai ◽  
Nian Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Mutual Help ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cognitive Social Capital ◽  
The Impact

The influence of social capital on mental health is a controversial topic. As some studies have pointed out, cognitive social capital significantly affects mental health but structural social capital does not. Using data from the China Family Panel Survey, this study measured social capital from social help, social trust, social networks, and social participation as the instrumental variables (regional average level of social capital), and applied a two-stage least squares regression. We found that the mental health of residents who trust and help each other is significantly higher than that of residents without trust and mutual help. When residents’ efforts to maintain social networks increase, their mental health significantly improves. These results are robust. Furthermore, the impact of social capital on mental health was heterogeneous in terms of urbanicity, gender, age, and area. These results are helpful for making policies for promoting residents’ mental health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Health Insurance Policy on the Health of the Senior Floating Population—Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Meng ◽  
Junqiang Han ◽  
Siqi Qin
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Basic Medical Insurance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic Medical

The impact of health insurance on residents’ health is one of the focal points of academic research. Due to the fact that China’s medical insurance system is composed of a variety of programs and that the pooling districts are at the lower administrative level, enrollment in different medical insurance programs or at different places may have certain influences on the health of residents. This has mostly been neglected by previous studies. This paper uses data from the 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), focusing on the senior floating population and taking the difference in government subsidy proportions as an instrumental variable in order to identify the effects of health insurance programs and regional differences on the health of the senior floating population. Three effects were observed: First, participation in the health insurance system significantly improves floating seniors’ self-rated health. Second, the health status of floating seniors affects their choice of health insurance program: Less healthy persons tend to choose high-paying, wide-coverage basic medical insurance available for urban employees. Using an instrumental variable to control for the problem of endogeneity, it is discovered that compared with the basic medical insurance system for urban residents, the system for urban employees significantly enhances the health of the senior floating population. Third, “adverse selection” could be observed in the choice between enrolling in health insurance at the place of settlement or another place. Senior migrants with worse self-rated health tend to choose place of settlement in order to enjoy higher compensation and less complex reimbursement procedures. With an instrumental variable to control for the problem of endogeneity, it was found that compared with joining the medical insurance system at other places, joining at a place of settlement could improve the health of the floating senior population.

scholarly journals From Mad Men to Maths Men: Concentration and Buyer Power in Online Advertising

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 3299-3327
Author(s):  
Francesco Decarolis ◽  
Gabriele Rovigatti
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Keyword Auctions ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Mad Men ◽  
Buyer Power ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Average Rise ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact of intermediary concentration on the allocation of revenue in online platforms. We study sponsored search documenting how advertisers increasingly bid through a handful of specialized intermediaries. This enhances automated bidding and data pooling, but lessens competition whenever the intermediary represents competing advertisers. Using data on nearly 40 million Google keyword auctions, we first apply machine learning algorithms to cluster keywords into thematic groups serving as relevant markets. Using an instrumental variable strategy, we estimate a decline in the platform’s revenue of approximately 11 percent due to the average rise in concentration associated with intermediary merger and acquisition activity. (JEL C45, D44, G34, L13, L81, M37)

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Isolation on Subjective Health: An Instrumental Variable Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Sironi ◽  
Amelie Nadine Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the relationship between social isolation and subjective health, considering that this relationship is potentially affected by endogeneity due to the presence of self-reported measures. Thus, if an increase in social isolation may impact the perception on health, alternative paths of causality may also be hypothesized. Using data from round 7 of the European Social Survey, we estimate an instrumental variable model in which isolation is explained as being a member of an ethnic minority and having experienced some serious family conflicts in the past. Our results confirm that changes in social isolation influence subjective general health. In particular, greater isolation produces a strong and significant deterioration of the perceived health status. With respect to the literature on social isolation and health, we try to advance it by supporting a path of causality running from social isolation to subjective health.

scholarly journals Air Pollution, Residents’ Happiness, and Environmental Regulation: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Xu ◽  
Xiao-Ling Luo ◽  
Di Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Critical Paths ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Using data from the China General Social Survey and data on air pollution, this study explores the impact and the critical path of air pollution on residents’ happiness in China and evaluates whether environmental regulations can alleviate these effects. A probit model is used to analyze the impact of air pollution on residents’ happiness, and wind speed is taken as the instrumental variable of air pollution to overcome endogeneity. A stepwise regression is used to test the critical path of air pollution on residents’ happiness. Finally, the effects of environmental regulations are considered by adding an interaction term between environmental regulation and air pollution. The following conclusions are drawn. First, air pollution can significantly impair residents’ happiness, especially those who have children, are younger, are in poor health, have a lower education level, have lower income, and live in a rural area. Second, there are two critical paths through which air pollution impairs residents’ happiness: mental health level and the frequency of leisure activities. Finally, command-and-control, market-based, and voluntary environmental regulations can all effectively alleviate the impact of air pollution on residents’ happiness.

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