scholarly journals Asymmetry and Tightness of Lower Limb Muscles in Equestrian Athletes: Are They Predictors for Back Pain?

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cejudo ◽  
Angélica Ginés-Díaz ◽  
Pilar Sainz de Baranda
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
The Relationship

Athletes may suffer from low back pain (LBP). Some studies have considered restricted range of motion (ROM) as a risk factor for LBP in athletes; however, ROM has not been evaluated in equestrian athletes (EAs) with LBP. The aims of this research in EAs were (I) to analyze the relationship between lower limb ROM (tightness and asymmetry) and LBP and (II) to determine the reference values for lower limb ROM indicating high risk of LBP. Forty-three young (9–18 years old) EAs were voluntarily recruited in technical training camps. The EAs were assessed for 11 passive lower limb ROMs using the ROM-SPORT I Battery. LBP data were taken at the end of a 1-year period through a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated. Sixty-seven percent of EA had suffered LBP. Hip adduction (OR = 1.347, medium; p = 0.015) and knee flexion (OR = 1.109, small; p = 0.023) were predictors of LBP in EAs. A hip adduction of 26° and knee flexion of 128° were found to be the optimal cutoff values for predictive screening of EAs at high risk of LBP.

scholarly journals Muscle forces and the demands of human walking

Biology Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Sylvester ◽  
Steven G. Lautzenheiser ◽  
Patricia Ann Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Fossil Hominins ◽  
Force Curves ◽  
Behavior Function ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Reconstructing the locomotor behavior of extinct animals depends on elucidating the principles that link behavior, function, and morphology, which can only be done using extant animals. Within the human lineage, the evolution of bipedalism represents a critical transition, and evaluating fossil hominins depends on understanding the relationship between lower limb forces and skeletal morphology in living humans. As a step toward that goal, here we use a musculoskeletal model to estimate forces in the lower limb muscles of ten individuals during walking. The purpose is to quantify the consistency, timing, and magnitude of these muscle forces during the stance phase of walking. We find that muscles which act to support or propel the body during walking demonstrate the greatest force magnitudes as well as the highest consistency in the shape of force curves among individuals. Muscles that generate moments in the same direction as, or orthogonal to, the ground reaction force show lower forces of greater variability. These data can be used to define the envelope of load cases that need to be examined in order to understand human lower limb skeletal load bearing.

scholarly journals Corneal Elevation Values in Normal Eyes, forme fruste Keratoconus and Keratoconus at Different Stages Measured by Scheimpflug Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Izquierdo ◽  
Maria A Henriquez ◽  
David Dañin
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Scheimpflug Imaging ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Best Fit Sphere ◽  
Forme Fruste Keratoconus ◽  
Progressive Stage

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare corneal elevation values in normal eyes, forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) and different stages of keratoconus using Scheimpflug imaging. Materials and methods This prospective, comparative study included 267 eyes (107 normal eyes, 21 FFKC and 139 keratoconus). Keratoconic eyes were divided into four groups according to keratometry values. Maximum posterior elevation (PE) above the (best fit sphere (BFS) at the central 5 mm were measured using the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the test's overall predictive accuracy and to identify optimal cutoff points to discriminate between the groups. Results PE had the smallest values in normal eyes and increased in FFKC and each progressive stage of keratoconus. Mean PE was 9.98 ± 5.33 µm in normal eyes, 18.09 ± 9.23 µm in FFKC and 24.97 µm ± 15.89, 37.82 ± 18.64, 46.82 ± 21.41 and 66.07 ± 39.09, in keratoconus stage I, II, III and IV respectively. Conclusion Posterior elevation values increased according to the severity of keratoconus disease. PE can be used as indicator of keratoconus progression. How to cite this article Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L Jr, Dañin D. Corneal Elevation Values in Normal Eyes, forme fruste Keratoconus and Keratoconus at Different Stages Measured by Scheimpflug Imaging. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):36-39.

SOX9 stands for a bio-marker for prostate cancer detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zi ◽  
Wen-Lin Tao ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Zhao-Hua Yu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Prostate cancer is one of common cancers around the world, and in our country the incidence and mortality of PCa are both increasing. More and more reports have revealed that SOX9 is involved in various human cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between SOX9 expression and diagnostic value of PCa patients. Methods In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of SOX9 of the 131 PCa patients and 74 healthy volunteers. And receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic value of SOX9 for PCa patients. Results The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of serum SOX9 in PCa patients was higher than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05). And the expression of SOX9 was significantly associated with PSA (P = 0.001), differentiation (P = 0.000), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.000). Besides, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.966 with the sensitivity of 93.2% and specificity of 87.8% respectively. The optimal cutoff value of SOX9 was 2.34. Conclusions Our results found that SOX9 is a novel oncogene for PCa, and may be a novel and effective biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with PCa.

Peak Flow Rate During Induced Cough: A Predictor of Successful Decannulation of a Tracheotomy Tube in Neurosurgical Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Y. Y. Chan ◽  
Alice Y. M. Jones ◽  
Raymond C. K. Chung ◽  
K. N. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Tracheotomy Tube ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point ◽  
The Relationship

Background An accurate predictor of successful decannulation in neurosurgical patients that indicates the best time for tracheotomy decannulation would minimize the risks of continued cannulation and unsuccessful decannulation. Objective To determine whether the peak flow rate during induced cough is an appropriate predictor of successful decannulation. Methods A total of 32 neurosurgical patients with a tracheotomy were enrolled. The highest peak expiratory flow rate during 3 induced coughs, the total volume of tracheal secretions collected in 6 hours, and scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the relationship between these variables and successful decannulation (reintubation not required within 72 hours). Results Decannulation was attempted in 23 of 32 patients. The remaining 9 patients were considered clinically inappropriate for the procedure. Of the 23 patients decannulated, 2 required reinsertion of the tracheotomy tube. Analysis revealed that peak flow rate during induced cough (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.23) was independently associated with successful decannulation (accuracy, 75%; sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 54.5%). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated an optimal cutoff point of 29 L/min. Conclusion Measurement of peak flow rate during induced cough is a simple and reproducible intervention that improves predictability of successful decannulation in patients with tracheotomy.

scholarly journals The effect of the standing angle on reducing fatigue among prolonged standing workers

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (s1) ◽  
pp. S281-S287
Author(s):  
Zhihui Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Fanlei Kong ◽  
Xia Huang ◽  
Zhi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
Information Change ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Many occupations require workers to stand for prolonged periods, which can cause discomfort, pain and even injures. Some supermarkets in life provide a foot pad for checkout staff to let them stand on it at work, thereby reducing standing fatigue caused by standing for a long time. The inclined platform is the same as the foot pad mentioned above. That is, the staff stepped on it and relieved standing fatigue to a certain extent. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to analyze how the standing angle affects fatigue among prolonged standing workers and tries to find an inclined platform with a specific angle to reduce standing fatigue. METHODS: This experiment studied fatigue of the inclined platforms with different angles on prolonged standing workers, eight participants were selected to participate in the test. The plantar pressures and sEMG (Surface Electromyography) were used to collect the physiological information change of prolonged standing participants in the lower limb and waist. The visual analogue scale was used as a subjective method to measure the psychological fatigue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study highlights the relationship between standing angle and lower limb fatigue. The inclination of the standing platform has different effects on the participants under different time conditions. When participants stand on inclined platforms at 0°, 5° and 10°, the iEMG (Integrated Electromyography) values of the gastrointestinal muscle were not significantly different until the third sampling point (40 minutes). After that self-regulation of lower limb muscles is better when standing on an inclined platform between 5° and 10°, it has a certain effect on alleviating lower limb fatigue. This knowledge is crucial for the design of the inclined working platforms fitting the needs of prolonged standing workers.

Duplex ultrasound for identifying renal artery stenosis: direct criteria re-evaluated

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Zachrisson ◽  
Hans Herlitz ◽  
Lars Lönn ◽  
Mårten Falkenberg ◽  
Hampus Eklöf
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Youden’S Index ◽  
Gradient Measurement

Background Renal artery duplex ultrasound (RADUS) is an established method for diagnosis of renal artery stenosis (RAS), but there is no consensus regarding optimal RADUS criteria. Purpose To define optimal cutoff values for RADUS parameters when screening for RAS using intra-arterial trans-stenotic pressure gradient measurement (PGM) as reference. Material and Methods The renal arteries of 58 consecutive patients evaluated for renovascular hypertension were examined by RADUS and PGM. Conclusive measurements with both methods were obtained in 76 arteries. Hemodynamically significant RAS was defined as PGM ≥15 mmHg and was found in 43 of the 76 arteries. RADUS parameters included renal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the renal–aortic ratio (RAR) of flow velocities. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) and Youden’s index were used to calculate optimal RADUS criteria for RAS. Results When traditional RADUS criteria for RAS were used, with a combination of PSV ≥180 cm/s and RAR ≥3.5, the sensitivity was 62% and the specificity was 91%. When RADUS criteria were optimized for sensitivity, then RAR ≥2.6 alone resulted in a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 69%. Conclusion The RAR ≥2.6 is a more sensitive criterion than traditional RADUS criteria when screening patients with clinical suspicion of RAS.

Tumor volume improves preoperative differentiation of prolactinomas and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla Wright ◽  
Matthew Lee ◽  
Natalie Escobar ◽  
Donato Pacione ◽  
Matthew Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
T2 Hyperintensity ◽  
Current Guidelines

Abstract Purpose Both prolactinomas and nonfunctioning adenomas (NFAs) can present with hyperprolactinemia. Distinguishing them is critical because prolactinomas are effectively managed with dopamine agonists, whereas compressive NFAs are treated surgically. Current guidelines rely only on serum prolactin (PRL) levels, which are neither sensitive nor specific enough. Recent studies suggest that accounting for tumor volume may improve diagnosis. The objective of this study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of PRL, tumor volume, and imaging features in differentiating prolactinoma and NFA. Methods Adult patients with pathologically confirmed prolactinoma (n = 21) or NFA with hyperprolactinemia (n = 58) between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively identified. Diagnostic performance of clinical and imaging variables was analyzed using receiver-operating characteristic curves to calculate area under the curve (AUC). Results Tumor volume and PRL positively correlated for prolactinoma (r = 0.4839, p = 0.0263) but not for NFA (r = 0.0421, p = 0.7536). PRL distinguished prolactinomas from NFAs with an AUC of 0.8892 (p < 0.0001) and optimal cut-off value of 62.45 ng/ml, yielding a sensitivity of 85.71% and specificity of 94.83%. The ratio of PRL to tumor volume had an AUC of 0.9647 (p < 0.0001) and optimal cut-off value of 21.62 (ng/ml)/cm3 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82.76%. Binary logistic regression found that PRL was a significant positive predictor of prolactinoma diagnosis, whereas tumor volume, presence of CSI not previously defined, and T2 hyperintensity were significant negative predictors. The regression model had an AUC of 0.9915 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Consideration of tumor volume improves differentiation between prolactinomas and NFAs, which in turn leads to effective management.

IDH genotypes differentiation in glioblastomas using DWI and DSC-PWI in the enhancing and peri-enhancing region

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xing ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Dejun She ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Xiaofang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Diagnostic Values ◽  
Cardinal Feature

Background Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation has diagnostic and prognostic values in glioblastomas. Peritumoral invasion of glioma cells is a cardinal feature of glioblastomas. Purpose To evaluate the contribution of DWI and DSC-PWI in the enhancing and peri-enhancing region for discriminating glioblastomas IDH genotypes, and the diagnostic values of combining two techniques in the peri-enhancing region compared with those in the enhancing region. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the conventional MRI (cMRI), DWI and DSC-PWI obtained from 10 patients with IDH-mutated (IDH-m) glioblastomas and 65 patients with IDH wild-type (IDH-w) glioblastomas. Features of cMRI, relative minimum ADC in the enhancing region (rADCmin-t) and peri-enhancing area (rADCmin-p), and relative maximum CBV values in the enhancing region (rCBVmax-t) and peri-enhancing region (rCBVmax-p) were compared between two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analysis were used to assess diagnostic performance. Results IDH-m glioblastomas tended to present in frontal lobes and younger patients. The rADCmin-t ( P = 0.042) were significantly lower in IDH-w than IDH-m. Both rCBVmax-t and rCBVmax-p showed significant differences between two subgroups (all P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values in prediction of IDH-m were >0.98 for rADCmin-t, <7.27 for rCBVmax-t, and < 0.97 for rCBVmax-p. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the combination of rADCmin-t and rCBVmax-t yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion The rCBVmax-t or rCBVmax-p may serve as preferable and comparable imaging biomarkers for evaluation of glioblastomas IDH status. The combination of rADCmin-t and rCBVmax-t may yield the maximum predictive power for differentiating IDH status.

scholarly journals Investigation of Lower Limb Fatigue on Two Standing Posture

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Julia Sartika ◽  
Siti Zawiah Dawal
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Prolonged Standing ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles

The purpose of this study was to investigate the different effect from the two standing posture on lower limb fatigue and discomfort. Sixteen subjects (eight females and eight males), aged between 23-29 years, participated in the experiment. They performed a sorting task in front of a grading table by picking and placing objects for 90 minutes in two posture (1) standing and (2) standing using a footrest. Muscle activity was recorded with surface EMG through disposable electrodes. The result shows that standing for ninety minutes developed fatigue in lower limb muscles and back muscles that lead to low back pain. Standing using a footrest result proper posture for prolonged standing period and reduce force at the back. It also results less fatigue and reduce the %MVC of EMG. So, it is recommended to attach a footrest in standing workstation to reduce the fatigue and discomfort.Keywords:fatigue, posture, standing,lower limb, EMG

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