scholarly journals Irrationality of Attitudes toward Safety under Complexity and Uncertainty Leading to Asymmetry of Information

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111
Author(s):  
Atsuo Murata ◽  
Syusuke Yoshida ◽  
Toshihisa Doi ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Asymmetry Of Information ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Validation Score ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Major Accident ◽  
High Uncertainty

This study investigated how complexity and uncertainty, the probability of accidents, and the probability of financial trouble affected individuals’ recognition of validity of irrational risk-seeking decisions. As a result of conducting a multiple regression analysis on the validation score for irrational risk-seeking alternative obtained by a questionnaire survey, we found that the validity score for an irrational risk-seeking alternative was higher when both complexity and uncertainty were high than when both complexity and uncertainty were low, which means that high complexity and high uncertainty in the situation of decision making more readily leads to an irrational risk-seeking behavior that might trigger a major accident. Beyond complexity and uncertainty, the damage of major accident α, the decrease of the probability of major accidents and the increase of the probability of financial trouble (economic factor) were also found to promote the choice of irrational risk-seeking alternatives. Some implications for safety management under high complexity and uncertainty are discussed.

scholarly journals Does risk-sensitivity transfer across movements?

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. O'Brien ◽  
Alaa A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Risk Sensitivity ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Risk Environments ◽  
Arm Reaching ◽  
Seeking Behavior

An intriguing finding in motor control studies is the marked effect of risk on movement decision making. However, there are inconsistent reports of risk-sensitivity across different movements and tasks, with both risk-seeking and risk-averse behavior observed. This raises the question of whether risk-sensitivity in movement decision making is context dependent and specific to the movement or task being performed. We investigated whether risk-sensitivity transfers between dissimilar movements within a single task. Healthy young adults made arm-reaching movements or whole-body leaning movements to move a cursor as close to the edge of a virtual cliff as possible without moving beyond the edge. They received points on the basis of the cursor's final proximity to the cliff edge. Risk was manipulated by increasing the point penalty associated with the cliff region and/or adding Gaussian noise to the cursor. We compared subjects' movement endpoints with endpoints predicted by a subject-specific, risk-neutral model of movement planning. Subjects demonstrated risk-seeking behavior in both movements that was consistent across risk environments, moving closer to the cliff than the model predicted. However, subjects were significantly more risk-seeking in whole-body movements. Our results present the first evidence of risk-sensitivity in whole-body movements. They also demonstrate that the direction of risk-sensitivity (i.e., risk-seeking or risk-averse) is similar between arm-reaching and whole-body movements, although degree of risk-sensitivity did not transfer from one movement to another. This finding has important implications for the ability of quantitative descriptions of decision making to generalize across movements and, ultimately, decision-making contexts.

BIM-Based Quality Control for Safety Issues in the Design and Construction Phases

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghwa Park ◽  
Inhan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Building Safety

Today’s buildings are getting larger and more complex. As a result, the traditional method of manually checking the design of a building is no longer efficient since such a process is time-consuming and laborious. It is becoming increasingly important to establish and automate processes for checking the quality of buildings. By automatically checking whether buildings satisfy requirements, Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows for rapid decision-making and evaluation. In this context, the work presented here focuses on resolving building safety issues via a proposed BIM-based quality checking process. Through the use case studies, the efficiency and usability of the devised strategy is evaluated. This research can be beneficial in promoting the efficient use of BIM-based communication and collaboration among the project party concerned for improving safety management. In addition, the work presented here has the potential to expand research efforts in BIM-based quality checking processes.

The effects of optimism on self-framing and risky decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Luming Zhao ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Hongxu Chen ◽  
Gaoxing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Orientation Test

The framing effect is a key topic that has been insufficiently studied in research on behavioral decision making. In our study we explored the effects of optimism on self-framing and risky decision making. Participants were 416 undergraduates who responded to the Life Orientation Test and a self-framing test based on the Asian disease problem. The results demonstrate that, compared with people low in optimism, highly optimistic individuals tended to use more positive words to describe problems, generate more positive frames, and choose more risky options. There was also a significant self-framing effect: Participants with a negative frame tended to be risk-seeking, whereas those with a positive frame tended to avoid risks. Additionally, selfframing suppressed the effect of optimism on risky decision making. We can conclude that optimism has significant effects on self-framing and risky decision making.

scholarly journals The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Dematel) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) for Safety Management System Evaluation Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rolita ◽  
Bayu Surarso ◽  
Rahmat Gernowo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management System ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Network Process

In order to improve airport safety management system (SMS) performance, an evaluation system is required to improve on current shortcomings and maximize safety. This study suggests the integration of the DEMATEL and ANP methods in decision making processes by analyzing causal relations between the relevant criteria and taking effective analysis-based decision. The DEMATEL method builds on the ANP method in identifying the interdependencies between criteria. The input data consists of questionnaire data obtained online and then stored in an online database. Furthermore, the questionnaire data is processed using DEMATEL and ANP methods to obtain the results of determining the relationship between criteria and criteria that need to be evaluated. The study cases on this evaluation system were Adi Sutjipto International Airport, Yogyakarta (JOG); Ahmad Yani International Airport, Semarang (SRG); and Adi Sumarmo International Airport, Surakarta (SOC). The integration grades SMS performance criterion weights in a descending order as follow: safety and destination policy, safety risk management, healthcare, and safety awareness. Sturges' formula classified the results into nine grades. JOG and SMG airports were in grade 8, while SOG airport was in grade 7.

Blockchain Based Optimal Decision Making Of Dispatchable Units In Smart Grids Considering The High Uncertainty Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 103418
Author(s):  
Xiangqian Zhu ◽  
Wenfeng Wang ◽  
Suhong Pang ◽  
Chaoyin An ◽  
Xiaoliang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
High Uncertainty
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