scholarly journals A Simulated Environment for Robot Vision Experiments

Technologies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Christos Sevastopoulos ◽  
Stasinos Konstantopoulos ◽  
Keshav Balaji ◽  
Mohammad Zaki Zadeh ◽  
Fillia Makedon
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Robot Vision ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Simulated Images

Training on simulation data has proven invaluable in applying machine learning in robotics. However, when looking at robot vision in particular, simulated images cannot be directly used no matter how realistic the image rendering is, as many physical parameters (temperature, humidity, wear-and-tear in time) vary and affect texture and lighting in ways that cannot be encoded in the simulation. In this article we propose a different approach for extracting value from simulated environments: although neither of the trained models can be used nor are any evaluation scores expected to be the same on simulated and physical data, the conclusions drawn from simulated experiments might be valid. If this is the case, then simulated environments can be used in early-stage experimentation with different network architectures and features. This will expedite the early development phase before moving to (harder to conduct) physical experiments in order to evaluate the most promising approaches. In order to test this idea we created two simulated environments for the Unity engine, acquired simulated visual datasets, and used them to reproduce experiments originally carried out in a physical environment. The comparison of the conclusions drawn in the physical and the simulated experiments is promising regarding the validity of our approach.

scholarly journals Assessment of the technical condition of lift guides using a magnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2130 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
P Lonkwic ◽  
T Krakowski ◽  
H Ruta
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Head ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Novel Concept

Abstract The systems that monitor individual components of machines and devices are under constant development. The ability to detect damages at an early stage allows failures to be prevented, so any uncontrolled downtime can be predicted in a controlled manner. Continuous monitoring of technical condition is an activity that also helps to reduce the losses due to equipment failures. However, not all areas can be monitored continuously. Such areas include lift guides where wear and tear can occur naturally, i.e. through abrasion of the material layer due to interaction with moving guide shoes or after emergency braking. Emergency braking causes local damages to the guide through plastic deformation of its surface resulting from indentation of the knurled roller of the brake. Such places are cleaned mechanically, which results in local reduction of the cross-sectional area. In such a case, it is difficult to continuously assess the technical condition of guides due to the prevailing operating conditions. Therefore, a concept of a head enabling assessment of the technical condition of guides at every stage of their operation has been developed. This article presents the novel concept of a magnetic head used for assessing the technical condition of lift guide rails that are the running track of lifting equipment. The initial tests were performed on the original test setup. The concept of the developed measuring head was verified for correct operation on specially prepared flat bars with holes. The results obtained in the form of laboratory tests proved that the proposed measuring head concept can be applied to the measurements under real conditions.

Using Characters in Online Simulated Environments to Guide Authentic Tasks

2006 ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Agostinho
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Chief Executive Officer ◽  
Authentic Learning ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Authentic Tasks ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
The Subject

The use of characters to present tasks and critical information in a simulated environment has proven to be a useful strategy in the creation of more authentic learning environments online. Such characters can not only perform the role of setting and structuring tasks within the fictitious scenario, but also that of providing useful and realistic guidance. This chapter describes a learning environment designed to create an authentic context for learning evaluation skills and strategies appropriate to technology-based learning settings. The subject in which this approach was adopted was a masters-level course in evaluation of technology-based learning environments. The chapter focuses on the use of a fictitious CEO (chief executive officer) who requests certain evaluation tasks of “employees.” Students are given realistic jobs with realistic parameters, and in this way the subject is dealt with in a much more authentic manner than if presented in a more decontextualised way. The rationale for adopting the approach is described together with a description of how it was implemented and summary findings of an evaluation of the approach.

scholarly journals Augmenting Jurisdiction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Pye
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Google Glass ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The University

<p>Augmenting jurisdiction is a hypothetical scenario I have created, to explore what impact Mixed Reality (MR) could have on the Environmental Court of Aotearoa (EVC A). This Thesis has two equal sides of exploration; Physical and Virtual. The ‘Physical’ in this instance is the hierarchy and organisation of the Environmental Courts of Aotearoa and the ‘Virtual’ are the components and concepts of Mixed Reality.  Stage One of the research is exploring the Physical - hierarchy, technological and organisational requirements of EVC A, as set of out by the Ministry of Justice and Courts NZ . Within this stage of research I explore the statutory bodies, resource management act and the compositional structure of the judicial system. I also explore the variable of the Virtual - the concept of MR, as set out by Prof. Paul Milgram, Ph.D., P.Eng. from the ETC lab at the University of Toronto. It explores technologies that are currently under research and development and are not necessarily available to the general public. However these products contain the possibilities for what I am proposing in this paper. Exploring the capabilities of MR delves into products such as “Google Glass” or other Head Mounted Displays (HMD), Heads Up Display (HUD), both material and immaterial video display and graphic simulated environments.  Stage Two is extrapolation and interpretation of the Physical and the Virtual constructs. The data from Stage One regulated how I approached the design. The model created in Stage Two is a direct result of the contraints colated in Stage One and the physical parameters of the old Ministry of Defense building, 15 -21 Stout St, Wellington. Stage Two was completed with computer aided design so" ware from companies such as Autodesk, Adobe and others.  Stage Three - Exogesis - reflection and evaluation. This stage was to culminate my ideas and research.  I would like to thank you for reading this thesis and hope you have a nice day :)></p>

scholarly journals Classification of plant seedlings using deep convolutional neural network architectures

2022 ◽  
Vol 2161 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Namratha Makanapura ◽  
C Sujatha ◽  
Prakash R Patil ◽  
Padmashree Desai
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Neural Network Architectures ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Weed management has a vital role in applications of agriculture domain. One of the key tasks is to identify the weeds after few days of plant germination which helps the farmers to perform early-stage weed management to reduce the contrary impacts on crop growth. Thus, we aim to classify the seedlings of crop and weed species. In this work, we propose a plant seedlings classification using the benchmark plant seedlings dataset. The dataset contains the images of 12 different species where three belongs to plant species and the other nine belongs to weed species. We implement the classification framework using three different deep convolutional neural network architectures, namely ResNet50V2, MobileNetV2 and EfficientNetB0. We train the models using transfer learning and compare the performance of each model on a test dataset of 833 images. We compare the three models and demonstrate that the EfficientNetB0 performs better with an average F1-Score of 96.26% and an accuracy of 96.52%.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Cartilage Lubrication in Osteoarthritis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6122
Author(s):  
Yumei Li ◽  
Zhongrun Yuan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Haijian Zhong ◽  
Weijie Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Lubrication Properties

The remarkable lubrication properties of normal articular cartilage play an essential role in daily life, providing almost frictionless movements of joints. Alterations of cartilage surface or degradation of biomacromolecules within synovial fluid increase the wear and tear of the cartilage and hence determining the onset of the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). The irreversible and progressive degradation of articular cartilage is the hallmark of OA. Considering the absence of effective options to treat OA, the mechanosensitivity of chondrocytes has captured attention. As the only embedded cells in cartilage, the metabolism of chondrocytes is essential in maintaining homeostasis of cartilage, which triggers motivations to understand what is behind the low friction of cartilage and develop biolubrication-based strategies to postpone or even possibly heal OA. This review firstly focuses on the mechanism of cartilage lubrication, particularly on boundary lubrication. Then the mechanotransduction (especially shear stress) of chondrocytes is discussed. The following summarizes the recent development of cartilage-inspired biolubricants to highlight the correlation between cartilage lubrication and OA. One might expect that the restoration of cartilage lubrication at the early stage of OA could potentially promote the regeneration of cartilage and reverse its pathology to cure OA.

scholarly journals A noninvasive flexible conformal sensor for accurate real-time monitoring of local cerebral edema based on electromagnetic induction

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10079
Author(s):  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Mingsheng Chen ◽  
Gui Jin ◽  
Shuanglin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Neurological Injury ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Single Coil ◽  
Coil Structure

Cerebral edema (CE) is a non-specific pathological swelling of the brain secondary to any type of neurological injury. The real-time monitoring of focal CE mostly found in early stage is of great significance to reduce mortality and disability. Magnetic Induction Phase Shift (MIPS) is expected to achieve non-invasive continuous monitoring of CE. However, most existing MIPS sensors are made of hard materials which makes it difficult to accurately retrieve CE information. In this article, we designed a conformal two-coil structure and a single-coil structure, and studied their sensitivity map using finite element method (FEM). After that, the conformal MIPS sensor that is preferable for local CE monitoring was fabricated by flexible printed circuit (FPC). Next, physical experiments were conducted to investigate its performance on different levels of simulated CE solution volume, measurement distance, and bending. Subsequently, 14 rabbits were chosen to establish CE model and another three rabbits were selected as controls. The 24-hour MIPS real-time monitoring experiments was carried out to verify that the feasibility. Results showed a gentler attenuation trend of the conformal two-coil structure, compared with the single-coil structure. In addition, the novel flexible conformal MIPS sensor has a characteristic of being robust to bending according to the physical experiments. The results of animal experiments showed that the sensor can be used for CE monitoring. It can be concluded that this flexible conformal MIPS sensor is desirable for local focusing measurement of CE and subsequent multidimensional information extraction for predicting model. Also, it enables a much more comfortable environment for long-time bedside monitoring.

scholarly journals Heart and Brain Responses to Real Versus Simulated Chess Games in Trained Chess Players: A Quantitative EEG and HRV Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Telmo Pereira ◽  
Maria António Castro ◽  
António Carvalho Santos ◽  
Santos Villafaina
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Chess Players ◽  
Simulated Scenario

The aim of the present study was to investigate how the heart and the brain react to playing chess with a computer versus in a real context in chess players. We also aim to investigate if familiarization with simulated practice leads to changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and the electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum. We designed a cross-sectional study, enrolling 27 chess players. They were randomly assigned to 3 minutes plus 2-second chess games: one with a computer (simulated scenario), and another in a real context. Additionally, participants were divided into two groups according to their level of familiarization of playing chess in a computer context. While they were playing, HRV and EEG were continuously recorded. Differences in HRV and EEG theta power spectrum between playing chess in a real or a simulated scenario were not found in chess players (p-value > 0.05). When participants were divided into groups (familiarized and unfamiliarized with simulated chess practice), significant differences were observed in HRV and EEG (p-value < 0.05). The EEG theta power spectrum was significantly lower, and HRV was higher in unfamiliarized players during the simulated scenario, which could indicate that they were less focused in a simulated environment than in a real context. Therefore, familiarization with simulated environments should be taken into account during the training process to achieve the best performance.

Computational complexity with experiments as oracles. II. Upper bounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 465 (2105) ◽  
pp. 1453-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Beggs ◽  
José Félix Costa ◽  
Bruno Loff ◽  
J.V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Complexity Classes ◽  
Turing Machines ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
New Form

Earlier, to explore the idea of combining physical experiments with algorithms, we introduced a new form of analogue–digital (AD) Turing machine. We examined in detail a case study where an experimental procedure, based on Newtonian kinematics, is used as an oracle with classes of Turing machines. The physical cost of oracle calls was counted and three forms of AD queries were studied, in which physical parameters can be set exactly and approximately. Here, in this sequel, we complete the classification of the computational power of these AD Turing machines and determine precisely what they can compute, using non-uniform complexity classes and probabilities.

scholarly journals Computational complexity with experiments as oracles

2008 ◽  
Vol 464 (2098) ◽  
pp. 2777-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Beggs ◽  
José Félix Costa ◽  
Bruno Loff ◽  
John V Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Turing Machines ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Physical Experiments

We discuss combining physical experiments with machine computations and introduce a form of analogue–digital (AD) Turing machine. We examine in detail a case study where an experimental procedure based on Newtonian kinematics is combined with a class of Turing machines. Three forms of AD machine are studied, in which physical parameters can be set exactly and approximately. Using non-uniform complexity theory, and some probability, we prove theorems that show that these machines can compute more than classical Turing machines.

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