scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Physiological Data in Applied Settings Measured by Wearable Technology: A Rapid Systematic Review

Technologies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Bryson Carrier ◽  
Brenna Barrios ◽  
Brayden D. Jolley ◽  
James W. Navalta
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Study Designs

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the current state of the literature and to identify the types of study designs, wearable devices, statistical tests, and exercise modes used in validation and reliability studies conducted in applied settings/outdoor environments. This was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified nine articles that fit our inclusion criteria, eight of which tested for validity and one tested for reliability. The studies tested 28 different devices with exercise modalities of running, walking, cycling, and hiking. While there were no universally common analytical techniques used to measure accuracy or validity, correlative measures were used in 88% of studies, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in 75%, and Bland–Altman plots in 63%. Intra-class correlation was used to determine reliability. There were not any universally common thresholds to determine validity, however, of the studies that used MAPE and correlation, there were only five devices that had a MAPE of < 10% and a correlation value of > 0.7. Overall, the current review establishes the need for greater testing in applied settings when validating wearables. Researchers should seek to incorporate multiple intensities, populations, and modalities into their study designs while utilizing appropriate analytical techniques to measure and determine validity and reliability.

scholarly journals How I See Me—A Meta-Analysis Investigating the Association Between Identities and Pro-environmental Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Mia Udall ◽  
Judith I.M. de Groot ◽  
Simon B. De Jong ◽  
Avi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Environmental Organisation ◽  
Practical Implications

Prolific research suggests identity associates with pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) that are individual and/or group focused. Individual PEB is personally driven, self-reliant, and are conducted on one's own (e.g., home recycling). Group focused PEB is other people-reliant and completed as part of a group (e.g., attending meetings of an environmental organisation). A wide range of identities have been related to PEBs. For example, a recent systematic qualitative review revealed 99 different types of identities studied in a PEB context. Most studies were correlational, few had an experimental design. However, the relationships between all these identities and PEBs have so far not been tested quantitatively with meta-analytical techniques. As such, a clear overview of this field is currently lacking. Due to the diverse nature of the field, a priori hypotheses were not possible and relatively broad definitions of identity had to be used to encompass all types of identities and the diverse meanings of identity that have been included in PEB research. What prior theory did allow for was to assess the distinction between two main types of identity, namely how people label, describe, and recognise oneself individually (individual identity), or as part of a group (group identity). Our overall goal was thus to assess the current state of knowledge on identities and PEBs. In 104 studies using a meta-regression following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, our random-effects meta-analysis showed that the overall concept of identity associated with PEB with a medium Pearson's r (Aim 1). Furthermore, we found that individual identities associated more strongly with PEBs than group identities (Aim 2). The associations between individual and group identities were stronger when the identity and PEB were from the same category (e.g., when both were group-focused; Aim 3). Methodologically, the findings revealed that group identities and group PEBs were most strongly associated for self-reported rather than observed PEBs (Aim 4). Overall identity associated most strongly with group PEBs in the field rather than in the lab (Aim 5) and in student- rather than non-student samples (Aim 6). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.

A historical cohort of temporal lobe surgery for medically refractory epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis to guide future nonrandomized controlled trial studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Lee ◽  
John F. Burke ◽  
Pranathi Chunduru ◽  
Annette M. Molinaro ◽  
Robert Knowlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Level I ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Medically Refractory Epilepsy

OBJECTIVERecent trials for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) highlight the challenges of investigating surgical outcomes using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although several reviews have examined seizure-freedom outcomes from existing data, there is a need for an overall seizure-freedom rate estimated from level I data as investigators consider other methods besides RCTs to study outcomes related to new surgical interventions.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the 3 RCTs of TLE in adults and report an overall surgical seizure-freedom rate (Engel class I) composed of level I data. An overall seizure-freedom rate was also collected from level II data (prospective cohort studies) for validation. Eligible studies were identified by filtering a published Cochrane meta-analysis of epilepsy surgery for RCTs and prospective studies, and supplemented by searching indexed terms in MEDLINE (January 1, 2012–April 1, 2018). Retrospective studies were excluded to minimize heterogeneity in patient selection and reporting bias. Data extraction was independently reverified and pooled using a fixed-effects model. The primary outcome was overall seizure freedom following surgery. The historical benchmark was applied in a noninferiority study design to compare its power to a single-study cohort.RESULTSThe overall rate of seizure freedom from level I data was 72.4% (55/76 patients, 3 RCTs), which was nearly identical to the overall seizure-freedom rate of 71.7% (1325/1849 patients, 18 studies) from prospective cohorts (z = 0.134, p = 0.89; z-test). Seizure-freedom rates from level I and II studies were consistent over the years of publication (R2< 0.01, p = 0.73). Surgery resulted in markedly improved seizure-free outcomes compared to medical management (RR 10.82, 95% CI 3.93–29.84, p < 0.01; 2 RCTs). Noninferiority study designs in which the historical benchmark was used had significantly higher power at all difference margins compared to using a single cohort alone (p < 0.001, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test).CONCLUSIONSThe overall rate of seizure freedom for temporal lobe surgery is approximately 70% for medically refractory epilepsy. The small sample size of the RCT cohort underscores the need to move beyond standard RCTs for epilepsy surgery. This historical seizure-freedom rate may serve as a useful benchmark to guide future study designs for new surgical treatments for refractory TLE.

scholarly journals Mass drug administration campaigns for scabies and impetigo: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001132
Author(s):  
Pousali Ghosh ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Avilasha Manandhar ◽  
Thomas Calma ◽  
Mary Bushell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Clear Understanding

IntroductionScabies is recognised as a neglected tropical disease, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable populations around the world. Impetigo often occurs secondarily to scabies. Several studies have explored mass drug administration (MDA) programmes, with some showing positive outcomes—but a systematic evaluation of such studies is yet to be reported. The main aim of this systematic review is to generate comprehensive evidence on the effect and feasibility of MDA programmes in reducing the burden of scabies and impetigo.Methods and analysisA systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Electronic databases to be searched will include CINAHL EBSCOhost, Medline Ovid, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed and SCOPUS. In addition, grey literature will be explored via the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, OaIster database and WHO. No language restrictions will be applied. All treatment studies following an MDA protocol, including randomised/quasi-controlled trials, and prospective before–after interventional studies, will be considered. The main outcome is the change in prevalence of scabies and impetigo The Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment tool will be used for assessing the methodological quality of studies. A random-effect restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis will be performed to generate pooled effect (OR) using STATA V.16. Appropriate statistical tests will be carried out to quantify heterogeneity between studies and publication bias.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since data will be extracted from published works. The findings will be communicated to the scientific community through a peer-reviewed journal publication. This systematic review will present an evidence on the effect of MDA interventions on scabies and impetigo, which is instrumental to obtain a clear understanding of the treatments widely used in these programmes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169544,

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Smartphones in Assessing Spinal Kinematics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-645
Author(s):  
Juliana A. Sedrez ◽  
Tassia S. Furlanetto ◽  
Grazielle M. Gelain ◽  
Claudia T. Candotti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Spinal Kinematics

Alternative Assessment: Analytical Rubric in Assessing Multimedia Communication Skills in 21st Century Landscape

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Azizi Alias ◽  
Kamisah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Multimedia Communication ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Science Activities

The purpose of this study is to build an analytical rubric for Alternative Assessment for science activities in order to facilitate teachers in assessing multimedia communication skills by inculcating 21st Century Skills. The study attempts to answer a key question i.e. whether the analytical rubric for Alternative Assessment is appropriate to assess multimedia communication skills in science activities in school? The research was conducted by taking into account the advice of 11 experts in science education and five science teachers as assessors to evaluate the reliability of analytical rubric for multimedia communication skills in school. Three round Delphi technique was used to validate the analytical rubric and inter-rater reliability Intra-Class Correlation-ICC was computed to measure the reliability of the rubric. The study found that the rubric has a high validity of 82.0% and high absolute agreement for multimedia communication rubric (ICC = 0.90). Therefore the multimedia communication skill rubric can be adopted and implemented in schools. The study also found that there are a number of issues and constraints in the implementation of alternative assessment, but the construction of the rubric is a shift in assessing student outcomes that are emerging according to the global environment. However, further research on the validity and reliability of the rubric is necessary.

scholarly journals Smartphone Applications for Encouraging Asthma Self-Management in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Alquran ◽  
Katrina Lambert ◽  
Ambereen Farouque ◽  
Anne Holland ◽  
Janet Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Control Medication

Adolescent asthma is still a major problem with poor adherence to treatment. Globally, adolescents are devoted users of smartphone technologies and app use in asthma self-management may improve adherence. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the feasibility and efficacy of mobile technology in improving asthma outcomes in adolescents. We conducted an extensive review of the peer-review literature of studies with populations consisting of children and adolescents under 18 years in seven bibliographic databases and Google Scholar. All study designs were considered. Quality assessment of included studies were independently assessed and reported. The search identified 291 articles; of the 16 eligible full-text papers, 8 met the review criteria, reporting two interventional, two qualitative and four observational studies. Samples ranged from 12 to 21 participants. Heterogeneity related to study design and the methods of the included studies prevented meta-analysis. Nevertheless, the intervention studies reported a positive effect of smartphone apps on asthma control, medication adherence and self-efficacy. Smartphone apps may be an effective asthma control tool especially among adolescents who are major users of smartphones; however, conclusions are limited by a lack of controlled trials and adequate sample sizes.

scholarly journals Erythritol-Enriched Air-Polishing Powder for the Surgical Treatment of Peri-Implantitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Taschieri ◽  
Roberto Weinstein ◽  
Massimo Del Fabbro ◽  
Stefano Corbella
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Viable Treatment

Peri-implantitis represents a major complication that can compromise the success and survival of implant-supported rehabilitations. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatment protocols were proposed to improve clinical parameters and to treat implants affected by peri-implantitis. A systematic review of the literature was performed on electronic databases. The use of air-polishing powder in surgical treatment of peri-implantitis was investigated. A total of five articles, of different study designs, were included in the review. A meta-analysis could not be performed. The data from included studies reported a substantial benefit of the use of air-polishing powders for the decontamination of implant surface in surgical protocols. A case report of guided bone regeneration in sites with implants affected by peri-implantitis was presented. Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis, though demanding and not supported by a wide scientific literature, could be considered a viable treatment option if an adequate decontamination of infected surfaces could be obtained.

Second-hand smoke and the risk of tuberculosis: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3158-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. DOGAR ◽  
N. PILLAI ◽  
N. SAFDAR ◽  
S. K. SHAH ◽  
R. ZAHID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Study Designs

SUMMARYThere is limited evidence and lack of consensus whether second-hand smoke (SHS) increases risk of tuberculosis (TB), which has substantial implications for unrestricted smoking indoors and TB control policies. We aimed to establish the association between SHS and the risk of acquiring and worsening of TB in non-smokers. We identified 428 articles in the initial search and 12 comparative epidemiological studies met our inclusion criteria. Exposure to SHS was found to have a higher risk of TB infection [risk ratio (RR) 1·19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·90–1·57] compared to non-exposure; however, this did not reach statistical significance. There was marked variability (I2 = 74%, P = 0·0008) between studies’ results, which could be explained by the differences in the diagnostic criteria used. Exposure to SHS was found to be statistically significantly associated (RR 1·59, 95% CI 1·11–2·27) with the risk of TB disease. There was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 77%, P = 0·0006) between studies’ results, which was sourced to the internal characteristics of the studies rather than combining different study designs. We did not find any studies for SHS and TB treatment-related outcomes. Thus, we conclude that SHS exposure may increase the risk of acquiring TB infection and progression to TB disease; however, the evidence remains scanty and weak.

scholarly journals PENGARUH DISKUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP NEGATIVE WORD OF MOUTH (WOM) DENGAN KETIDAKPUASAN PASIEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Puskesmas Ngesrep Di Kota Semarang)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Donni Renaldy Suratman ◽  
Ibnu Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Medical Patient ◽  
Negative Word ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Patient Complaints

This research was motivated by a lot of medical patient complaints after visiting toPuskesmas Ngesrep in form of critics and suggestions. It indicates there areunsatisfactory feelings after their visit to Puskesmas Ngesrep that could be because ofdisquality services from the management. This research is aiming to analyze the effect ofdisquality service medic and non-medic toward patient disatisfaction and negative WOM.This research using descriptive and quantitative for data analyze. The samples for thisresearch are 400 patients that visited Puskesmas Nngesrep. Data was collected usingquestionnaires which tested the validity and reliability. The data was analyzed usingmultiple regression.The result of descriptive analysis shown that disquality service medic, disquality servicesnon-medic, patient’s disatisfaction, and negative WOM Puskesmas Ngesrep classified aslow. Statistical tests shown patient’s disatisfaction variable is affecting positively towardnegatif WOM variable (hypothesis 1 is accepted), disquality service medic variable isaffecting positively toward patient’s disatisfaction (hypothesis 2 is accepted), disqualityservices medic variable is affecting positively toward negatif WOM (hypothesis 3 isaccepted), disquality service non-medic is affecting positively toward disatisfactionpatient’s (hypothesis 4 is accepted), and disquality services non-medic variable isaffecting positively toward intention to negative WOM (hypothesis 5 is accepted).Keywords: disquality service medic, disquality service non-medic, patient’sdisatisfaction, negative WOM.

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