Prenatal Exposure to Ambient Pesticides and Preterm Birth and Term Low Birthweight in Agricultural Regions of California

Findings from studies of prenatal exposure to pesticides and adverse birth outcomes have been equivocal so far. We examined prenatal exposure to agricultural pesticides in relation to preterm birth and term low birthweight, respectively, in children born between 1998 and 2010, randomly selected from California birth records. We estimated residential exposure to agriculturally applied pesticides within 2 km of residential addresses at birth by pregnancy trimester for 17 individual pesticides and three chemical classes (organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates). Among maternal addresses located within 2 km of any agricultural pesticide application, we identified 24,693 preterm and 220,297 term births, and 4412 term low birthweight and 194,732 term normal birthweight infants. First or second trimester exposure to individual pesticides (e.g., glyphosates, paraquat, imidacloprid) or exposure to 2 or more pesticides in the three chemical classes were associated with a small increase (3–7%) in risk for preterm birth; associations were stronger for female offspring. We did not find associations between term low birthweight and exposure to pesticides other than myclobutanil (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.20) and possibly the pyrethroids class. Our improved exposure assessment revealed that first and second trimester exposure to pesticides is associated with preterm delivery but is rarely linked with term low birthweight.

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Prenatal Exposure to Ambient Pesticides and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Agricultural Regions of California

10.20944/preprints201806.0388.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Chenxiao Ling ◽

Zeyan Liew ◽

Ondine S. von Ehrenstein ◽

Julia E. Heck ◽

Andrew S. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Agricultural Pesticides ◽

Term Births ◽

Birth Records

Findings from studies of prenatal exposure to pesticides and adverse birth outcomes have been equivocal so far. We examined prenatal exposure to agricultural pesticides in relation to preterm birth and term low birthweight, respectively, in children born between 1998 and 2010 randomly selected from California birth records. We estimated residential exposures to agriculturally applied pesticides within 2 km of residential addresses at birth by pregnancy trimester for 17 individual pesticides and 3 chemical classes (organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates). Among maternal addresses located within 2 km of any agricultural pesticide application, we identified 24,693 preterm and 220,297 term births, and 4,412 term low birthweight and 194,732 term normal birthweight infants. First or second trimester exposures to individual pesticides (e.g., glyphosates, paraquat, imidacloprid) or exposures to 2+ pesticides in the three chemical classes were associated with small increases (3-7%) in risk for preterm birth; associations were stronger for female offspring. We did not find associations between term low birthweight and exposures to pesticides other than for myclobutanil (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04-1.20) and possibly pyrethroids as a class. Our improved exposure assessment revealed that first and second trimester exposures to pesticides were associated with preterm delivery but few affected term low birthweight.

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Influence of Prenatal Exposure to Mercury, Perceived Stress, and Depression on Birth Outcomes in Suriname: Results from the MeKiTamara Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17124444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 4444

Author(s):

Anisma R. Gokoel ◽

Wilco C. W. R. Zijlmans ◽

Hannah H. Covert ◽

Firoz Abdoel Wahid ◽

Arti Shankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Probable Depression

Prenatal exposure to mercury, stress, and depression may have adverse effects on birth outcomes. Little is known on the influence of chemical and non-chemical stressors on birth outcomes in the country of Suriname. We assessed the influence of prenatal exposure to mercury, perceived stress, and depression on adverse birth outcomes in 1143 pregnant Surinamese women who participated in the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health-MeKiTamara prospective cohort study. Associations between mercury (≥1.1 μg/g hair, USEPA action level/top versus bottom quartile), probable depression (Edinburgh Depression Scale ≥12), high perceived stress (Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale ≥20), and adverse birth outcomes (low birthweight (<2500 g), preterm birth (<37 completed weeks of gestation), and low Apgar score (<7 at 5 min)) were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Prevalence of elevated mercury levels, high perceived stress, and probable depression were 37.5%, 27.2%, and 22.4%, respectively. Mercury exposure was significantly associated with preterm birth in the overall study cohort (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.05–5.83) and perceived stress with a low Apgar score (OR 9.73; 95% CI 2.03–46.70). Depression was not associated with any birth outcomes. These findings can inform policy- and practice-oriented solutions to improve maternal and child health in Suriname.

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The Effect of Prior Term Birth on Risk of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Birth

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1607317 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (04) ◽

pp. 380-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amy Turitz ◽

Michal Elovitz ◽

Lisa Levine ◽

Stephanie Purisch

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽

Term Birth ◽

Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate ◽

Term Births

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior term birth on recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) risk. Study Design Retrospective cohort study of 211 women with prior sPTB, comparing women with and without prior term births. The primary outcome was recurrent sPTB <37 weeks. Analyses stratified by gestational age of prior sPTB and adjusted for confounders using multivariable logistic regression. Results The overall sPTB rate was 33.7%, with no statistical difference between women with and without prior term births (28.9 vs. 37.7%, p = 0.2). Among women with prior second-trimester loss (16–236/7 weeks), those with a term birth had a decreased sPTB rate (15.4 vs. 43.2%, p = 0.02), which persisted after adjusting for age and 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate use. For women with prior sPTB ≥24 weeks, there was no difference in sPTB with and without prior term births (29.5 vs. 26.6%, p = 0.7). A term birth as the most recent delivery lowered, but did not eliminate, the sPTB risk (19.1 vs. 36.4%, p = 0.1). Conclusion Prior term birth lowers the risk of recurrent sPTB for women with prior second-trimester loss, but not for women with prior sPTB ≥24 weeks. Women with prior preterm and term births should be counseled accordingly and all sPTB prevention strategies should be recommended.

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Joint effects of prenatal exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and psychosocial stressors on corticotropin-releasing hormone during pregnancy

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology ◽

10.1038/s41370-021-00322-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie M. Eick ◽

Dana E. Goin ◽

Lara Cushing ◽

Erin DeMicco ◽

Sabrina Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Life Events ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Psychosocial Stress ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Financial Strain ◽

Psychosocial Stressors ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Prenatal exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and psychosocial stressors has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth. Previous studies have suggested that joint exposure to environmental chemical and social stressors may be contributing to disparities observed in preterm birth. Elevated corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) during mid-gestation may represent one biologic mechanism linking chemical and nonchemical stress exposures to preterm birth. Methods Using data from a prospective birth cohort (N = 497), we examined the cross-sectional associations between five individual PFAS (ng/mL; PFNA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and Me-PFOSA-AcOH) and CRH (pg/mL) using linear regression. PFAS and CRH were measured during the second trimester in serum and plasma, respectively. Coefficients were standardized to reflect change in CRH associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in natural log-transformed PFAS. We additionally examined if the relationship between PFAS and CRH was modified by psychosocial stress using stratified models. Self-reported depression, stressful life events, perceived stress, food insecurity, and financial strain were assessed using validated questionnaires during the second trimester and included as binary indicators of psychosocial stress. Results An IQR increase in PFNA was associated with elevated CRH (β = 5.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.79, 8.55). Increased concentrations of PFOA were also moderately associated with CRH (β = 3.62, 95% CI = −0.42, 7.66). The relationship between PFNA and CRH was stronger among women who experienced stressful life events, depression, food insecurity, and financial strain compared to women who did not experience these stressors. Conclusions This cross-sectional study is the first to examine the relationship between PFAS exposure and CRH levels in mid-gestation. We found that these associations were stronger among women who experienced stress, which aligns with previous findings that chemical and nonchemical stressor exposures can have joint effects on health outcomes.

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66919 Third trimester electronic cigarette use and the risk of preterm birth, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational age

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2021.714 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Lin Ammar ◽

Pingsheng Wu

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Third Trimester

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Routine second trimester cervical length screening in low risk women identified women at risk of a ‘very’ preterm birth but did not reduce the preterm birth rate: a randomised study from India

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.1080/01443615.2017.1419461 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 789-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Siddhidatri Mishra ◽

Rashmi Bagga ◽

Jasvinder Kalra ◽

Vanita Jain ◽

Sourabh Dutta

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Birth Rate ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Low Risk ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Randomised Study ◽

Very Preterm ◽

Very Preterm Birth ◽

Preterm Birth Rate ◽

Low Risk Women

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Preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age among women with preeclampsia: Does maternal age matter?

Pregnancy Hypertension ◽

10.1016/j.preghy.2018.07.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xun Li ◽

Weishe Zhang ◽

Jianhua Lin ◽

Huai Liu ◽

Zujing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Low Birthweight

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Evidence Against Maternal Influenza as a Risk Factor for Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.164.5.674 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 164 (5) ◽

pp. 674-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

J.-P. C. J. Selten ◽

J. P. J. Slaets

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Large Study ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Influenza Epidemic ◽

Foetal Life ◽

The Usa ◽

Trimester Exposure ◽

Larger Sample ◽

Maternal Influenza

We tested the hypothesis that second-trimester exposure to influenza is a risk factor for schizophrenia in the child. The dates of birth of Dutch schizophrenic in-patients were examined for any effect of the 1957 A2 influenza epidemic. Individuals who were in their second trimester of foetal life at the peak of the epidemic were at no greater risk of developing schizophrenia than controls. As the present study has a larger sample size than all previous European studies, and is supported by a large study in the USA, it provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that second-trimester exposure to influenza is a risk factor for schizophrenia.

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