scholarly journals Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Monitoring in Commercial Wild Harvest Bivalve Shellfish in New South Wales, Australia

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Farrell ◽  
Penelope Ajani ◽  
Shauna Murray ◽  
Phil Baker ◽  
Grant Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Wild Harvest ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Shellfish Toxin ◽  
Anadara Granosa

An end-product market survey on biotoxins in commercial wild harvest shellfish (Plebidonax deltoides, Katelysia spp., Anadara granosa, Notocallista kingii) during three harvest seasons (2015–2017) from the coast of New South Wales, Australia found 99.38% of samples were within regulatory limits. Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) were present in 34.27% of 321 samples but only in pipis (P. deltoides), with two samples above the regulatory limit. Comparison of these market survey data to samples (phytoplankton in water and biotoxins in shellfish tissue) collected during the same period at wild harvest beaches demonstrated that, while elevated concentrations of Dinophysis were detected, a lag in detecting bloom events on two occasions meant that wild harvest shellfish with DSTs above the regulatory limit entered the marketplace. Concurrently, data (phytoplankton and biotoxin) from Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) harvest areas in estuaries adjacent to wild harvest beaches impacted by DSTs frequently showed elevated Dinophysis concentrations, but DSTs were not detected in oyster samples. These results highlighted a need for distinct management strategies for different shellfish species, particularly during Dinophysis bloom events. DSTs above the regulatory limit in pipis sampled from the marketplace suggested there is merit in looking at options to strengthen the current wild harvest biotoxin management strategies.

Ecotypic variation in Avena fatua L., A. sterilis L. (A. ludoviciana), and A. barbata Pott. in New South Wales and southern Queensland

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
RDB Whalley ◽  
JM Burfitt
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Two Samples

Some 53 samples of wild oat seeds were collected in the wheat belt of eastern Australia in an area extending from Collingulie in southern New South Wales to Dalby in Queensland and grown under uniform environmental conditions. Three species of wild oats were collected, Avena sterilis L. subsp. ludoviciana (Dur.) G. & M. mainly concentrated in the north, A. fatua L. subsp. fatua (L.) Thell. mainly concentrated in the south, and A. barbata Pott. confined to the Southern Tablelands and nearby slopes and plains. A high degree of physiological and morphological variability was evident, A. sterilis exhibiting the greatest variability and A. barbata the least. The variation was mainly local with only a suggestion of ecoclinal variation, and is probably the result of multiple introductions. The two samples of A. barbata tested exhibited a vernalization requirement for flowering and one sample of A. sterilis from the same area also gave a strong response to vernalization, but A. fatua did not.

Evaluation of natural annual pastures at Trangie in central western New South Wales. 1. Sheep production

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
RJ Campbell ◽  
DG Saville ◽  
GE Robards
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Sheep Wool

Natural annual pasture at Trangie, New South Wales, was set stocked from August, 1967 to December 1970 at rates of 2.5, 3.7, and 4.9 merino wethers per ha to determine an optimum stocking rate for the pasture type. All stocking rates were supported without the necessity to hand feed any sheep. Wool production per head was reduced significantly by increased stocking rate in 1968, but not in 1969 and 1970. The suppression of barley grass at the higher stocking rates appeared to benefit animal production in 1969. Substitution of portion of the natural annual pasture with areas of lucerne or natural perennial pasture was also investigated and found to be ineffective in increasing wool production per head above that of wethers at similar rates of stocking on natural annual pasture alone. Possible reasons for the apparent failure of the grazing supplements, particularly lucerne, are discussed in terms of grazing pressure and management strategies.

Comparison and estimation of glucosinolate levels in Australian rapeseed cultivars

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Mailer ◽  
N Wratten
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Good Agreement

Seven cultivars of rapeseed grown at four sites in New South Wales were evaluated for glucosinolate content. Two samples of each cultivar were further subjected to gas chromatographic analysis to determine the proportions of individual glucosinolate components and 'canola' acceptability. Glucosinolate concentrations varied between cultivars and sites and a significant site x cultivar interaction was found. Some cultivars regarded as being of the 'canola' type did not satisfy the requirement that concentration of the major glucosinolates in seed be less than 30 �mol/g at all sites. The glucose test which was used to measure total concentration of glucosinolates was in good agreement with the gas chromatographic technique which measures the concentrations of individual glucosinolates.

Integrated parasite management for sheep reduces the effects of gastrointestinal nematodes on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kelly ◽  
L. P. Kahn ◽  
S. W. Walkden-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
South Wales

An experiment was conducted over 2 years on six commercial farms to quantify the costs of gastrointestinal nematode parasitism on grazing Merino ewes on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. To determine the effect of worm management practices, three farms implemented integrated parasite management (IPM) strategies and three farms continued to implement regionally typical industry practice (TYP). On each farm, 120 ewes born in 2006 and 120 mature age ewes were selected at shearing in 2007. Of these, 60 in each flock were serially treated with anthelmintics (CAP treatment) to suppress worm populations and the other 60 ewes were managed according to their respective farm management strategies (NOCAP treatment). Among NOCAP ewes, worm egg counts were significantly reduced over both years by IPM compared with TYP despite IPM farms requiring fewer anthelmintic treatments (3.5 vs 4.5 per year). In Year 1, mortality of sheep because of worms (CAP vs NOCAP) was significant on TYP farms (10.5%, P < 0.01) but was not apparent on IPM farms. Throughout the study, NOCAP ewes had significantly lower growth rates (–2.8 ± 0.1 kg/year, P < 0.01), produced less greasy wool (–170 ± 20 g, P < 0.01) and had reduced fibre diameter (–0.28 ± 0.05 μm, P < 0.01) when compared with CAP ewes. These effects were apparent for both TYP and IPM management. The results confirm the significant production loss caused by worms in a northern, summer rainfall region and show that IPM reduces the effect of worms and frequency of anthelmintic treatment compared with typical methods currently used by the industry.

The Ecology of House Mice (Mus Domesticus) in and Around Irrigated Summer Crops in Western New South Wales.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Twigg ◽  
BJ Kay
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Cotton Mouse ◽  
Roadside Verges

A 28-month live-trapping survey was undertaken to investigate the ecology of house mice in an irrigated summer cropping system in western New South Wales. Five broad habitat types were examined: refuge habitat (e.g. roadside verges), grazed dryland pasture, and the irrigated summer crops soyabeans, sorghum/maize and cotton. Mouse abundance in most habitats peaked around March-April in each year, and then declined to relatively low levels by the end of spring. Mice were always present in refugia but were often at very low numbers or absent from pasture and cotton. Very few mice were caught on paddocks used for summer crops during their fallow stage, but quickly appeared immediately following sowing. Of the summer crops, the maintenance of relatively high numbers of mice was greatest in soyabean crops. Breeding occurred in several habitats throughout much of the year but was generally greatest in October-March. Grazed pasture and cotton had the fewest breeding females and refuge habitat the most. These results are compared with other published studies, and their implications for management strategies are discussed.

The biology and management of Axonopus affinis (Chase) in Australian pastures

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. F. Henskens
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
South Wales

Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) was described in terms of its botany, origin, distribution, seasonal growth, habitat, and dispersal. Factors that determine its agronomic importance were examined. Emphasis was given to management and ecological factors which influence competition between carpetgrass and sown pasture species. It is concluded that the management strategies that have been developed and successfully adopted in Queensland and New South Wales need to be tested for use in irrigated pastures in northern Victoria

Managing the Grey-Headed Flying-Fox as a Threatened Species in NSW. P. Eby and D. Lunney (Eds) A Review by Eleanor Wills.

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
E Wills
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Zoological Society ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pteropus Poliocephalus ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Flying Fox

THE grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus is managed simultaneously under two contrasting paradigms in New South Wales (NSW), as a threatened species and as a pest in orchards and at camps in some urban centres. Many authors have called attention to the lack of understanding of the species and the obstacle this may pose for conservation efforts. Managing the grey-headed flying-fox as a threatened species in NSW was produced as a result of a forum held on the 28th of July 2001 by the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. It provides a comprehensive and up-todate review of management strategies for the species, in the context of recent legislative changes.

Present and past distribution of Australian Brush-turkeys Alectura lathami in New South Wales ? implications for management

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Göth ◽  
Kirsty P. Nicol ◽  
Geoffrey Ross ◽  
Jim J. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Alectura Lathami

Australian Brush-turkeys Alectura latham increasingly cause a considerable human-wildlife problem in New South Wales, especially in areas where they destroy gardens through their scratching activity. Wildlife managers Jack detailed information about the overall distribution of the species, which is essential for assessing its population status and the development of sustainable management strategies. To address this, we collated 1 564 reports on Australian Brushturkey distribution, from 1788 to April 2004. We show that the birds have disappeared from areas in the south, such as near Jindabyne, and from areas in the west, such as the Pilliga. The most obvious reasons for such a contraction are habitat destruction, hunting and predation by foxes and cats. At the same time, Brush-turkeys have recently been reported in the east, in coastal areas and the periphery of cities where the birds were previously absent or extirpated. However, we argue that such an apparent expansion should be viewed with caution, as this could partly also be explained by an increase in reporting activity, reduction in hunting pressure, and feeding by members of the public. Our analysis suggests that although the species has increased in numbers in coastal areas, it has withdrawn from regions in the southern and western part of its distribution.

Reproductive Development and Seedling Establishment of Aristida ramosa R.Br. in Northern New South Wales.

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Harradine ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
South Wales

The reproductive development and seedling recruitment of Aristida rarnosa R.Br. \vas studied under field conditions at six sites on the Northern Tablelands and Northwestern Slopes of New South Wales. A. rarnosu is an undesirable species in pastures because of its low palatability and the propensity of its seeds for causing fleece contamination and mechanical injury to stock. All tillers ofA. vanlosa plants appear to be potentially reproductive and the extensive tiller branching means that each tiller has a high probability of completing the reproductive cycle. Individual plants, therefore, have a high potential for seed production. 'The majority of the seed production occurred in March averaged over all sis sites. Seedlings appeared in each one of the 20 months of observation when the results from all sites were added together, with the majority of seedlings appearing in the spring and autumn. Autumn seedlings had the greatest chance of becoming established at the lower, more western sites while spring seedlings survived best on the Tablelands. The results are discussed with respect to devising pasture management strategies aimed at reducing the abundance of A. wrnosa.

Impacts of logging, fire and grazing regimes on bird species assemblages of the Pilliga woodlands of New South Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Date ◽  
H. A. Ford ◽  
H. F. Recher
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
North West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Declining Species

We investigated the composition and distribution of bird assemblages in the continuous Pilliga woodlands of north-west New South Wales in relation to floristic assemblages and disturbance (logging, fire and grazing) patterns. Box-ironbark woodlands contained high densities of White Cypress Pine Callitris glaucophylla and Narrow-leaved Ironbark Eucalyptus crebra, had a sparse, depauperate understorey, and were associated with frequent, intense logging and infrequent fires (due to fire exclusion and the use of grazing for fuel reduction). Box-ironbark woodlands were characterized by high frequencies of 12 bird species that occurred throughout the Pilliga and low frequencies of many other species. Blakely's Red Gum E. blakelyi woodlands typical of creeks and Broad-leaved Ironbark E. fibrosa woodlands typical of poor soils contained lower densities or smaller trees of C. glaucophylla and E. crebra, had a moderately dense, diverse understorey, and were associated with infrequent low-intensity logging and moderately frequent wildfire. Bird species assemblages of Broad-leaved Ironbark woodlands were similar to those of box-ironbark woodlands. Blakely's Red Gum woodlands were characterized by 36 bird species that were virtually absent from box-ironbark and Broad-leaved Ironbark woodlands, including 10 threatened and declining species. The 10 are among 48 woodland species that are known or thought to be declining and that are dependent on woodlands with mature trees and grassy or patchy grass/shrub understorey. We conclude that these species have declined in the Pilliga and will continue to decline under existing disturbance regimes, particularly in box-ironbark woodlands. We suggest adaptive management strategies for maintaining and rehabilitating their habitats.

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