scholarly journals Microcystis Chemotype Diversity in the Alimentary Tract of Bigheaded Carp

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milán Riba ◽  
Attila Kiss-Szikszai ◽  
Sándor Gonda ◽  
Gergely Boros ◽  
Zoltán Vitál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Chemotype Diversity ◽  
Specific Peptide ◽  
Extreme Habitat

Most cyanobacterial organisms included in the genus Microcystis can produce a wide repertoire of secondary metabolites. In the mid-2010s, summer cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis sp. occurred regularly in Lake Balaton. During this period, we investigated how the alimentary tract of filter-feeding bigheaded carps could deliver different chemotypes of viable cyanobacteria with specific peptide patterns. Twenty-five Microcystis strains were isolated from pelagic plankton samples (14 samples) and the hindguts of bigheaded carp (11 samples), and three bloom samples were collected from the scums of cyanobacterial blooms. An LC-MS/MS-based untargeted approach was used to analyze peptide patterns, which identified 36 anabaenopeptin, 17 microginin, and 13 microcystin variants. Heat map clustering visualization was used to compare the identified chemotypes. A lack of separation was observed in peptide patterns of Microcystis that originated from hindguts, water samples, and bloom-samples. Except for 13 peptides, all other congeners were detected from the viable and cultivated chemotypes of bigheaded carp. This finding suggests that the alimentary tract of bigheaded carps is not simply an extreme habitat, but may also supply the cyanobacterial strains that represent the pelagic chemotypes.

scholarly journals Molecular Verification of Bloom-forming Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Their Secondary Metabolites in the Nakdong River

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae-Kyung Park ◽  
Mi-Ae Kwon ◽  
Hae-Jin Lee ◽  
Jonghee Oh ◽  
Su-Heon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Nakdong River ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
The Nakdong River ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms

Aphanizomenon spp. have formed harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the Nakdong River during spring, autumn, and now in winter, and the expansion of blooming period and area, associated with the global warming is predicted. The genus Aphanizomenon has been described to produce harmful secondary metabolites such as off-flavors and cyanotoxins. Therefore, the production of harmful secondary metabolites from the Aphanizomenon blooms in the Nakdong River needs to be monitored to minimize the risk to both water quality and public health. Here, we sampled the cyanobacterial blooms in the Nakdong River and isolated ten Aphanizomenon strains, morphologically classified as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahault 1888. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region nucleotide sequences confirmed this classification. We further verified the harmful secondary metabolites-producing potential of A. flos-aquae isolates and water samples containing cyanobacterial blooms using PCR with specific primer sets for genes involved in biosynthesis of off-flavor metabolites (geosmin) and toxins (microcystins, saxitoxins and cylindrospermopsins). It was confirmed that these metabolite biosynthesis genes were not identified in all isolates and water samples containing only Aphanizomenon spp. Thus, it is likely that there is a low potential for the production of off-flavor metabolites and cyanotoxins in Aphanizomenon blooms in the Nakdong River.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms in Rio de la Plata Estuary, Argentina: Field Study and Data Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Giannuzzi ◽  
G. Carvajal ◽  
M. G. Corradini ◽  
C. Araujo Andrade ◽  
R. Echenique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
La Plata

Water samples were collected during 3 years (2004–2007) at three sampling sites in the Rio de la Plata estuary. Thirteen biological, physical, and chemical parameters were determined on the water samples. The presence of microcystin-LR in the reservoir samples, and also in domestic water samples, was confirmed and quantified. Microcystin-LR concentration ranged between 0.02 and 8.6 μg.L−1. Principal components analysis was used to identify the factors promoting cyanobacteria growth. The proliferation of cyanobacteria was accompanied by the presence of high total and fecal coliforms bacteria (>1500 MNP/100 mL), temperature ≥25∘C, and total phosphorus content ≥1.24 mg·L−1. The observed fluctuating patterns ofMicrocystis aeruginosa, total coliforms, and Microcystin-LR were also described by probabilistic models based on the log-normal and extreme value distributions. The sampling sites were compared in terms of the distribution parameters and the probability of observing high concentrations forMicrocystis aeruginosa, total coliforms, and microcystin-LR concentration.

scholarly journals Microcystins in European Noble Crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-Dominated Lake

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Ingunn Samdal ◽  
David Strand ◽  
Andreas Ballot ◽  
Johannes Rusch ◽  
Sigrid Haande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tail Muscle

Lake Steinsfjorden, an important Norwegian location for noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), is often affected by cyanobacterial blooms caused by microcystin (MC)-producing Planktothrix spp. The impact of MCs on noble crayfish as a food source and crayfish health is largely unknown. We investigated the quantities and correlations of MCs in noble crayfish and lake water during and after a cyanobacterial bloom peaking in June–July 2015. Noble crayfish and water samples were collected monthly from June to October 2015 and in October 2016. The content of MCs was analysed by ELISA from tail muscle, intestine, stomach and hepatopancreas. PCR analysis for Planktothrix gene markers was performed on crayfish stomach content. Water samples were analysed for phytoplankton composition, biomass and MCs. PCR-positive stomach contents indicated Planktothrix to be part of the noble crayfish diet. Concentrations of MCs were highest in the hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine, peaking in August–September. Tail muscle contained low concentrations of MCs. Similar levels of MCs were found in crayfish from 2016. Except in September 2015, a normal portion of boiled noble crayfish tails was below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for MCs for humans. Removing the intestine more than halved the content of MCs and seems a reasonable precautionary measure for noble crayfish consumers.

Odorous Substances and Cyanobacterial Toxins in Prairie Drinking Water Sources

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Kenefick ◽  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
E. E. Prepas ◽  
N. Motkosky ◽  
H. G. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Odorous Substances ◽  
Water Uses

Algal blooms in eutrophic lakes have been regarded by some as primarily an aesthetic nuisance for recreational and drinking water uses despite well documented incidents of livestock and wildlife poisoning attributed to cyanobacterial toxins. A survey was conducted of three eutrophic, water supply lakes and eight rural dugouts experiencing cyanobacterial blooms. Biomass was characterized for dominant cyanobacterial genera and analyses were conducted for the hepatotoxins, microcystin LR and RR and the neurotoxin, anatoxin-a. Some water samples collected simultaneously were screened for geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol and β-cyclocitral. Results showed that microcystin LR (LD50 of 50 µg/kg in mice) was present in concentrations up to 500 µg/g of algal biomass and microcystin LR levels were generally related to the proportion of Microcystis in the collected algal biomass. There was no relationship between the presence of microcystin LR and the presence of any of the odour compounds. Consequently, cyanobacterial odour-causing compounds in water did not provide reliable warning of the presence of the microcystin LR in these cyanobacterial blooms.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Blooms and Microcystins in Southern Vietnam

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Trung ◽  
Thanh-Son Dao ◽  
Elisabeth Faassen ◽  
Miquel Lürling
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Potential Public Health

Studies on cyanobacteria in Vietnam are limited and mainly restricted to large reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms in small water bodies may pose a health risk to local people. We sampled 17 water bodies in the vicinity of urban settlements throughout the Mekong basin and in southeast Vietnam. From these, 40 water samples were taken, 24 cyanobacterial strains were isolated and 129 fish, 68 snail, 7 shrimp, 4 clam, and 4 duck samples were analyzed for microcystins (MCs). MCs were detected up to 11,039 µg/L or to 4033 µg/g DW in water samples. MCs were detected in the viscera of the animals. MC-LR and MC-RR were most frequently detected, while MC-dmLR, MC-LW, and MC-LF were first recorded in Vietnam. Microcystis was the main potential toxin producer and the most common bloom-forming species. A potential health hazard was found in a duck–fish pond located in the catchment of DauTieng reservoir and in the DongNai river where raw water was collected for DongNai waterwork. The whole viscera of fish and snails must be completely removed during food processing. Cyanobacterial monitoring programs should be established to assess and minimize potential public health risks.

scholarly journals Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Nada Tokodi ◽  
Damjana Drobac Backović ◽  
Ilija Šćekić ◽  
Nevena Kitanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Cyanobacterial Biomass

Lake Balaton is the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. Its water quality is affected by its biggest inflow, the Zala River. During late 20th century, a wetland area named the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) was constructed in the hopes that it would act as a filter zone and thus ameliorate the water quality of Lake Balaton. The aim of the present study was to test whether the KBWPS effectively safeguards Lake Balaton against toxic cyanobacterial blooms. During April, May, July and September 2018, severe cyanobacterial blooming was observed in the KBWPS with numbers reaching up to 13 million cells/mL at the peak of the bloom (July 2018). MC- and STX-coding genes were detected in the cyanobacterial biomass. Five out of nine tested microcystin congeners were detected at the peak of the bloom with the concentrations of MC-LR reaching 1.29 µg/L; however, accumulation of MCs was not detected in fish tissues. Histopathological analyses displayed severe hepatopancreas, kidney and gill alterations in fish obtained throughout the investigated period. In Lake Balaton, on the other hand, cyanobacterial numbers were much lower; more than 400-fold fewer cells/mL were detected during June 2018 and cyanotoxins were not detected in the water. Hepatic, kidney and gill tissue displayed few alterations and resembled the structure of control fish. We can conclude that the KBWPS acts as a significant buffering zone, thus protecting the water quality of Lake Balaton. However, as MC- and STX-coding genes in the cyanobacterial biomass were detected at both sites, regular monitoring of this valuable ecosystem for the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins is of paramount importance.

scholarly journals Innovative Method of Utilising Hydrogen Peroxide for Source Water Management of Cyanobacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyin huang ◽  
Maximus Ghaly ◽  
Peter Hobson ◽  
Christopher W.K. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The treatment and control of cyanobacterial blooms using copper-based algaecides in water reservoirs has historically been used, however, due to the adverse impact of copper on the environment, water authorities have been researching and studying new and innovative ways to control cyanobacterial blooms. Hydrogen peroxide has been investigated as an environmentally friendly alternative and this research aims to determine the impact of water quality on its effectiveness based on the decay characteristics in different water samples. Natural water samples from South Australian reservoirs were used to evaluate hydrogen peroxide decomposition and provide a better strategy for water operators in using it as an algaecide. Our experiments show the dependency of hydrogen peroxide decomposition not only on water quality but also on the initial hydrogen peroxide dose. A higher initial hydrogen peroxide dose can trigger the increase of pH, leading to increased consumption of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the hydrogen peroxide decomposition is significantly accelerated with the rise of copper concentration in water samples. Moreover, it is found that UV light can also affect the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide decay is more significant under UV light for the samples with lower hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Our study also shows the impact of DOC on hydrogen peroxide decomposition is not substantial. The study also presents a modelling method to optimise hydrogen peroxide application based on water quality characteristics. Our findings can provide knowledge for the water industry to produce a suitable model which can be used to optimise the application of hydrogen peroxide for the control of cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Analysis of Covalently Bound Microcystins in Sediments and Clam Tissue in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, California, USA

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bolotaolo ◽  
Tomofumi Kurobe ◽  
Birgit Puschner ◽  
Bruce G Hammock ◽  
Matt J. Hengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
San Joaquin River ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Clam Tissue ◽  
Proteins Quantification

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms compromise human and environmental health, mainly due to the cyanotoxins they often produce. Microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly measured group of cyanotoxins and are hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic. Due to MCs ability to covalently bind to proteins, quantification in complex matrices is difficult. To analyze bound and unbound MCs, analytical methods were optimized for analysis in sediment and clam tissues. A clean up step was incorporated to remove lipids, improving percent yield. This method was then applied to sediment and clam samples collected from the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) in the spring and fall of 2017. Water samples were also tested for intracellular and extracellular MCs. These analyses were used to quantify the partitioning of MCs among sediment, clams, and water, and to examine whether MCs persist during non-summer months. Toxin analysis revealed that multiple sediment samples collected in the Delta were positive for MCs, with a majority of the positive samples from sites in the San Joaquin River, even while water samples from the same location were below detection limit. These data highlight the importance of analyzing MCs in complex matrices to accurately evaluate environmental risk.

Effect of ultraviolet radiation on the metabolomic profiles of potentially toxic cyanobacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Rios Jacinavicius ◽  
Vanessa Geraldes ◽  
Camila M Crnkovic ◽  
Endrews Delbaje ◽  
Marli F Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Mass Spectometry

ABSTRACT Interactions between climate change and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have a substantial impact on aquatic ecosystems, especially on photosynthetic organisms. To counteract the damaging effects of UVR, cyanobacteria developed adaptive strategies such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of UVR on the metabolomic profiles of potentially toxic cyanobacteria. Twelve strains were irradiated with ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B radiation and parabolic aluminized reflector lamps for 3 days, followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to assess changes in metabolomic profiles. Matrices were used to generate principal component analysis biplots, and molecular networks were obtained using the Global Natural Products platform. Most strains showed significant changes in their metabolomic profiles after UVR exposure. On average, 7% of MS features were shown to be exclusive to metabolomic profiles before UVR exposure, while 9% were unique to metabolomic profiles after UVR exposure. The identified compounds included aeruginosins, spumigins, cyanopeptolins, microginins, namalides, pseudospumigins, anabaenopeptins, mycosporine-like amino acids, nodularins and microcystins. Data showed that cyanobacteria display broad metabolic plasticity upon UVR exposure, including the synthesis and differential expression of a variety of secondary metabolites. This could result in a competitive advantage, supporting cyanobacterial blooms under various UVR light exposures.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity detected during cyanobacteria bloom in a water supply reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
L. Wunsche ◽  
T. Vicari ◽  
S.L.M. Calado ◽  
J. Wojciechowski ◽  
V.F. Magalhães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Living Organisms

The aquatic ecosystems are susceptible to cyanobacterial blooms due to the eutrophication of water bodies caused by human activities. In this study, phytoplankton and cyanotoxins analysis, as well as cellular and genetic biomarkers of toxicity (Allium cepa test - higher plant test system), were evaluated in water samples of Alagados Reservoir during a cyanobacterial bloom in South Brazil. The water samples were collected during the wet season at two sites in the Reservoir. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were detected in both samples (sites 1 and 2); however, the levels of PSTs were higher in site 1. Gonyautoxin 2 was the major cyanotoxin found in the Reservoir. Both samples were able to induce cytotoxic effects (reduced Mitotic Index) and damage the genetic material (i.e., increased frequencies of chromosome aberration and micronuclei) of meristematic cells of A. cepa. The cellular and genetic damages were higher in the sample site 1, wherein high levels of PSTs were verified. Thus, our findings suggested that cyanotoxins-contaminated waters may damage the genetic material of living organisms, and therefore this group of contaminants should be assessed for their potential genotoxicity.

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