scholarly journals A Review of Cardiovascular Toxicity of Microcystins

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghui Cao ◽  
Isaac Yaw Massey ◽  
Hai Feng ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Concern

The mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China is on the rise. The increasing burden of CVD in China has become a major public health problem. Cyanobacterial blooms have been recently considered a global environmental concern. Microcystins (MCs) are the secondary products of cyanobacteria metabolism and the most harmful cyanotoxin found in water bodies. Recent studies provide strong evidence of positive associations between MC exposure and cardiotoxicity, representing a threat to human cardiovascular health. This review focuses on the effects of MCs on the cardiovascular system and provides some evidence that CVD could be induced by MCs. We summarized the current knowledge of the cardiovascular toxicity of MCs, with regard to direct cardiovascular toxicity and indirect cardiovascular toxicity. Toxicity of MCs is mainly governed by the increasing level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the inhibition activities of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) and the destruction of cytoskeletons, which finally induce the occurrence of CVD. To protect human health from the threat of MCs, this paper also puts forward some directions for further research.

Nature-based climate solutions to grow globally

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Thresholds ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Global Environmental Concern

Subject Biodiversity and climate change. Significance The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has reported that 1 million animal and plant species face extinction and that many ecosystems are moving closer to critical thresholds, describing the rate of global change in nature as "unprecedented in human history". The report calls for "transformative change" in economic and social structures that drive biodiversity loss. As in other areas of global environmental concern, improving biodiversity action is increasingly seen not just as a matter for states, but also as a challenge for the private sector, subnational actors and the international financial system. Impacts Companies will face increased pressure to widen due diligence requirements to include environmental risks. Data gaps on quantifying the value and impact of biodiversity at a localised level will continue to limit policy mainstreaming. Efforts to increase biodiversity finance flows will look to mirror the example of climate finance.

scholarly journals The Relevance of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of HCV-Disease: The Emergent Role of miR-17-92 in Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1364
Author(s):  
Serena Lorini ◽  
Laura Gragnani ◽  
Anna Linda Zignego
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Non Invasive

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem. HCV is a hepatotropic and lymphotropic virus that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lymphoproliferative disorders such as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The molecular mechanisms by which HCV induces these diseases are not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding molecules that negatively regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by decreasing their target gene expression. We will attempt to summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the HCV life cycle, HCV-related HCC, and lymphoproliferative disorders, focusing on both the functional effects of their deregulation as well as on their putative role as biomarkers, based on association analyses. We will also provide original new data regarding the miR 17-92 cluster in chronically infected HCV patients with and without lymphoproliferative disorders who underwent antiviral therapy. All of the cluster members were significantly upregulated in CV patients compared to patients without CV and significantly decreased in those who achieved vasculitis clinical remission after viral eradication. To conclude, miRNAs play an important role in HCV infection and related oncogenic processes, but their molecular pathways are not completely clear. In some cases, they may be potential therapeutic targets or non-invasive biomarkers of tumor progression.

scholarly journals Epigenetic modification and a role for the E3 ligase RNF40 in cancer development and metastasis

Oncogene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjiang Fu ◽  
Li Liao ◽  
Kyathegowdanadoddi Srinivasa Balaji ◽  
Chunli Wei ◽  
Jaehoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Histone H2b ◽  
Nonhistone Proteins

AbstractRNF40 (OMIM: 607700) is a really interesting new gene (RING) finger E3 ubiquitin ligase containing multiple coiled-coil domains and a C-terminal RING finger motif, which engage in protein–DNA and protein–protein interactions. RNF40 encodes a polypeptide of 1001 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 113,678 Da. RNF40 and its paralog RNF20 form a stable heterodimer complex that can monoubiquitylate histone H2B at lysine 120 as well as other nonhistone proteins. Cancer is a major public health problem and the second leading cause of death. Through its protein ubiquitylation activity, RNF40 acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene to play major epigenetic roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis, highlighting the essential function of RNF40 and the importance of studying it. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about RNF40 gene structure and the role of RNF40 in histone H2B monoubiquitylation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cancer development, and metastasis. We also underscore challenges in applying this information to cancer prognosis and prevention and highlight the urgent need for additional investigations of RNF40 as a potential target for cancer therapeutics.

The Southern Ocean Sanctuary and the Evolution of International Environmental Law

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Statutory Interpretation ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
International Whaling Commission ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Environmental Concern

AbstractThe legality of the Southern Ocean Sanctuary has been a matter of debate. This paper seeks to explain the Sanctuary as being both legal and illustrative of the development of international environmental law within a new, evolutionary framework. A teleological approach to statutory interpretation could construe the Convention in ways that are supportive of the non-lethal utilisation of cetaceans. Such an interpretation may be supported under the Vienna Convention, whereby if examples of previous practice demonstrating different interpretations of the language in question can be shown, then this practice is evidence that a different interpretation of the convention in question is legitimate. This has been the case with the International Whaling Commission. The paper concludes that the Southern Ocean Sanctuary may be regarded as being both a legal and authoritative example of the way in which the majority of the international community has viewed one area of global environmental concern.

scholarly journals Physical inactivity, and its association with hypertension among employees in the district of Colombo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. U. Gamage ◽  
R. de A. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
Commuting Distance ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is a major public health problem. Insufficient activity is responsible for a large proportion of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess socioeconomic variations in physical activity and to measure the association between physical inactivity and hypertension among government officials in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 275 senior-officers(SOs) and 760 managerial-assistants(MAs) aged 30–60 years and attached to Public Administration institutions in Colombo District in Sri Lanka. Physical-activity(PA) was gathered using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ) adopted and validated to the Sri Lankan context. Blood pressure(measured and classified using JNC-7 guidelines) and anthropometric indices were recorded. Energy utilization of all vigorous and moderated PA and walking was expressed as metabolic-equivalent-of-task(MET) min per week. A total-MET-score was calculated and categorized based on IPAQ guidelines. Results Socioeconomic variations in PA levels were observed as 58.1%(n = 158) SOs and 30.6%(n = 226) MAs were involved in inadequate PA. Among the SOs diagnosed with hypertension, more half(59.1%; n = 52) were physically inactive, while among MAs, 65.9%(n = 143) with hypertension were physically inactive. After adjusting for potential confounding factors being physically inactive was associated with a higher risk of hypertension among SOs[OR 2.08 [95% CI 1.07, 4.6] and MAs[OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.8, 4.6]. The main modality of commuting to work for SOs(59%) was private transport, and MAs(64%) public transport Commuting distance was positively correlated(p < 0.05) with total transport MET among SOs and MAs. After adjusting for confounders, commuting distance of > 20 km was found to lower the odds of hypertension among SOs and MAs(OR = 0.713; 95% CI 0.4 to1.3; and OR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.87). Conclusion Despite the current knowledge that being physically active promotes health, the practice was different. Physical inactivity was associated with hypertension and prevalent among both SOs and MAs. Higher commuting distance is positively correlated with total transport MET and associated with lower odds of hypertension among SOs and MAs. Longitudinal studies are required to provide a causative association between physical inactivity and hypertension among these employees.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review On Consumer Behavior toward Plastic Consumption In Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Nur Syafiqah Khalisah Jallaludin ◽  
Nor Shafieqa Sukarno ◽  
Siti Nur Baiyah Md Nasir ◽  
Nur Ain Ismail ◽  
Nur Aishah Amir Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Global Environmental Concern

The consumer’s consumption of plastic continues to increase and has contributed to the global environmental concern, even though certain new environmental conservation policies or laws have been adopted and enforced. However, there were still insufficient studies that systematically review the existing literature on consumers in Asian Countries. Hence the present article conducted a systematic literature review on the plastic consumption behavior and the effect of plastic use by the customers. The present study joined multiple research designs and the review was based on the publication standard. (Reporting standards for systematic evidence syntheses).  This study selected articles using two leading databases namely Scopus and Science Direct. Based on the thematic analysis, this review has three main themes namely 1) action to reduce plastic consumption; 2) waste management 3) impact of plastic on the ecosystem. The three main themes have further produced 11 sub-themes. The study offered several significant contributions for practical purposes and the body of knowledge. The findings explained the importance of integrating consumer awareness and knowledge into consumer plastic consumption, 1) to encourage respect for knowledge and the role played by the consumer on the usage of plastic consumption policy; 2) to strategize an adaptation plan that is in line with the needs, abilities, and intention to use plastic; and 3) to inform on effect on the ecosystem to the specific areas and content of researches that should be the focus of the future studies.

Problem and Countermeasure on Promoting the Plastic Bag Ban of USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Guo Li ◽  
Justin S. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Problem And Countermeasure ◽  
Global Environmental Concern

Plastic bag pollution is a growing global environmental concern. Several countries have recently approved bans on the use and distribution of plastic bags. In the USA, 22 of the 50 states have adopted multiple city/county ordinances. Most of these bans are introduced in coastal cities/counties. The local drivers, i.e. economy, geography, benefit, life-style, cost of living, and educational attainment, all impact the level and commitment to plastic bag bans. Currently, battles between support and opposition to these bans are typically financially driven; jobs and environmental health being main impact categories. This paper identifies several problems affecting the complete adoption of plastic bag bans in the USA, and gives some corresponding strategies to enhance the effectiveness and success of policy implementation.

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