scholarly journals Differentiation, Quantification and Identification of Abrin and Abrus precatorius Agglutinin

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Sylvia Worbs ◽  
Bettina Kampa ◽  
Martin Skiba ◽  
Eva-Maria Hansbauer ◽  
Daniel Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Suicide Case ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
First Time

Abrin, the toxic lectin from the rosary pea plant Abrus precatorius, has gained considerable interest in the recent past due to its potential malevolent use. However, reliable and easy-to-use assays for the detection and discrimination of abrin from related plant proteins such as Abrus precatorius agglutinin or the homologous toxin ricin from Ricinus communis are sparse. To address this gap, a panel of highly specific monoclonal antibodies was generated against abrin and the related Abrus precatorius agglutinin. These antibodies were used to establish two sandwich ELISAs to preferentially detect abrin or A. precatorius agglutinin (limit of detection 22 pg/mL for abrin; 35 pg/mL for A. precatorius agglutinin). Furthermore, an abrin-specific lateral flow assay was developed for rapid on-site detection (limit of detection ~1 ng/mL abrin). Assays were validated for complex food, environmental and clinical matrices illustrating broad applicability in different threat scenarios. Additionally, the antibodies turned out to be suitable for immuno-enrichment strategies in combination with mass spectrometry-based approaches for unambiguous identification. Finally, we were able to demonstrate for the first time how the developed assays can be applied to detect, identify and quantify abrin from a clinical sample derived from an attempted suicide case involving A. precatorius.

Green Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Ag-rGO Nanocomposites for Highly Selective Mercury (II) Sensing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangi J. Mane-Gavade ◽  
Sandip R. Sabale ◽  
Xiao-Ying Yu ◽  
Gurunath H. Nikam ◽  
Bhaskar V. Tamhankar
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Calibration Plot ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Herein we report the green synthesis and characterization of silverreduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag-rGO) using Acacia nilotica gum for the first time. Experimental: We demonstrate the Hg2+ ions sensing ability of the Ag-rGO nanocomposites form aqueous medium. The developed colorimetric sensor method is simple, fast and selective for the detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media in presence of other associated ions. A significant color change was noticed with naked eye upon Hg2+ addition. The color change was not observed for cations including Sr2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Ba2+ and Mn2+indicating that only Hg2+ shows a strong interaction with Ag-rGO nanocomposites. Under the most suitable condition, the calibration plot (A0-A) against concentration of Hg2+ was linear in the range of 0.1-1.0 ppm with a correlation coefficient (R2) value 0.9998. Results & Conclusion The concentration of Hg2+ was quantitatively determined with the Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.85 ppm. Also, this method shows excellent selectivity towards Hg2+ over nine other cations tested. Moreover, the method offers a new cost effective, rapid and simple approach for the detection of Hg2+ in water samples.

scholarly journals Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy ◽  
Amala Joseph Prabakaran ◽  
Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Sex Reversion ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
First Time

AbstractCastor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.

scholarly journals Isolation and Comparison of Galactose-binding Lectins from Abrus precatorius and Ricinus communis

1974 ◽  
Vol 249 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjur Olsnes ◽  
Erling Saltvedt ◽  
Alexander Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Abrus Precatorius

scholarly journals IMUNIDADE CRUZADA PELAS SEMENTES DE Abrus precatorius E Ricinus communis EM BOVINOS

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Hubinger Tokarnia ◽  
Jürgen Döbereiner
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

Cinco bovinos imunizados contra a ação tóxica das sementes de Abrus precatorius L. ("tento", "jiquiriti") não adoeceram ou somente levemente pela administração das sementes de Ricinus communis L. ("mamona"), em doses que em bovinos que antes nunca ingeriram sementes de A. precatorius ou R. communis, causaram intoxicação de intensidade de grau moderado a acentuado ou até a morte. Um sexto bovino, que não ficou bem imunizado contra a ação tóxica das sementes de A. precatorius, adoeceu em grau acentuado pela administração de dose elevada das sementes de R. communis. Já dos cinco bovinos imunizados contra a ação tóxica das sementes de R. communis quatro adoeceram em grau acentuado, oquinto em grau moderado, pela administração das sementes de A. precatorias em doses que em bovinos que antes nunca ingeriram sementes de R. communis ou A. precatorius causaram intoxicação de intensidade leve a acentuada. Estes resultados permitem concluir que bovinos imunizados contra a ação tóxica das sementes de A. precatorius são resistentes à ação tóxica das sementes de R. communis, mas que o contrário não ocorre, isto é, bovinos imunizados contra a ação tóxica das sementes de R. communis, não se mostraram protegidos contra a intoxicação por A. precatorius. Estudos anteriores por outros autores mostraram que as toxalbuminas de A. precatorius e R. communis, respectivamente abrina e ricina, são diferentes do ponto de vista antigênico. Uma explicação para a divergência desses resultados com os nossos poderia estar no fato de que no presente estudo foram usados poligástricos que receberam as sementes por via oral, enquanto que nos estudos anteriores foram usados monogástricos em que as sementes ou as toxinas foram aplicadas por via parenteral. A administração de folhas frescas ou do pericarpo do fruto de R. communis a bovinos imunizados contra a ação das sementes desta planta tiveram o mesmo efeito tóxico que em animais não imunizados, demonstrando que a imunidade conferida pela ricina não inibe a ação da ricinina, o principio tóxico das folhas e do pericarpo.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing of Influenza Virus Direct from Clinical Respiratory Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuiama Lewandowski ◽  
Yifei Xu ◽  
Steven T. Pullan ◽  
Sheila F. Lumley ◽  
Dona Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Complete Sequences ◽  
Viral Titers

ABSTRACT Influenza is a major global public health threat as a result of its highly pathogenic variants, large zoonotic reservoir, and pandemic potential. Metagenomic viral sequencing offers the potential for a diagnostic test for influenza virus which also provides insights on transmission, evolution, and drug resistance and simultaneously detects other viruses. We therefore set out to apply the Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing method to metagenomic sequencing of respiratory samples. We generated influenza virus reads down to a limit of detection of 102 to 103 genome copies/ml in pooled samples, observing a strong relationship between the viral titer and the proportion of influenza virus reads (P = 4.7 × 10−5). Applying our methods to clinical throat swabs, we generated influenza virus reads for 27/27 samples with mid-to-high viral titers (cycle threshold [CT] values, <30) and 6/13 samples with low viral titers (CT values, 30 to 40). No false-positive reads were generated from 10 influenza virus-negative samples. Thus, Nanopore sequencing operated with 83% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 67 to 93%) and 100% specificity (95% CI, 69 to 100%) compared to the current diagnostic standard. Coverage of full-length virus was dependent on sample composition, being negatively influenced by increased host and bacterial reads. However, at high influenza virus titers, we were able to reconstruct >99% complete sequences for all eight gene segments. We also detected a human coronavirus coinfection in one clinical sample. While further optimization is required to improve sensitivity, this approach shows promise for the Nanopore platform to be used in the diagnosis and genetic analysis of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals Waste PET as a Reactant for Lanthanide MOF Synthesis and Application in Sensing of Picric Acid

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Shuyi Chen ◽  
Shengqiang Nie ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Shaomin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Lanthanide Metal ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
First Time ◽  
Organic Framework

In this study, a lanthanide metal organic framework based on the ligand of terephthalic acid derived from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles was designed and synthesized. The structure and morphology of the Tb-BDC was investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Tb-BDC displays a high selectivity and sensitivity towards picric acid (TNP). The luminescence intensities exhibit a linear relation, with a concentration of TNP over the range of 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−4 M, with a limit of detection of 1 × 10−5 M. The sensing mechanism is also discussed. This is the first time that waste PET materials have been used as the starting precursor of terephthalic acid (BDC) for the fabrication of lanthanide MOF (metal organic framework), which is applied in sensing TNP.

Factors Associated with Repeated Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Filinto da Silva Cais ◽  
Sabrina Stefanello ◽  
Marisa Lúcia Fabrício Mauro ◽  
Gisleine Vaz Scavacini de Freitas ◽  
Neury José Botega
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Psychometric Scales ◽  
Standardized Interview ◽  
First Time

Background: This study compares sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 102 first-time hospital-treated suicide attempters (first-evers) with a group of 101 repeat suicide attempters (repeaters) consecutively admitted to a general hospital in Brazil, during the intake phase of the WHO Multisite Intervention Study on Suicidal Behaviors (SUPRE-MISS). Aims: To compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of first-time hospital-treated suicide attempters (first-evers) with a group of repeat suicide attempters (repeaters). Methods: A standardized interview and psychometric scales were administered to all patients. Results: Repetition was associated with being of female sex (OR = 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–6.2), a housewife (OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.2–11.8), and having a score above median on the Beck Depression Inventory (OR = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.7–15.6). Conclusions: The findings suggest that repeaters, namely, depressed housewives who have attempted suicide previously, need specific treatment strategies in order to avoid future suicide attempts.

Determination of formaldehyde by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection exploiting brilliant green–sulphite reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcio Bolognesi ◽  
Eder J. dos Santos ◽  
Gilberto Abate
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
First Time

AbstractA method for the determination of formaldehyde by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection is proposed, based on retarding the reaction between brilliant green and sulphite by the addition of formaldehyde; this was investigated for formaldehyde quantification in extracts from wood-based panels. For the first time, a heating step was explored, providing a sample throughput of 50 analyses per hour, with a limit of detection of 0.02 mg L

scholarly journals P.P. Pertsov and gazeta «Novoye vremya» (1898–1901) (New aspect of creative biography)

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
E.I. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
National Theater ◽  
New Theater ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Time ◽  
Public Theater ◽  
Russian Theater

The article examines the early stage of cooperation between the writer and philosopher P.P. Pertsov and the conservative newspaper Novoe Vremya (1868–1917). Fragments of Pertsov's archival correspondence with the philosophical writer V.V. Rozanov, Pertsov's father and the critic of the liberal magazine «Russian wealth» A.G. Gornfeld are partially introduced into scientific circulation. The author analyzes the reasons for Pertsov's difficult attitude to the publisher and editor of Novoye Vremya, the playwright and founder of the Maly theater in St. Petersburg, A.S. Suvorin. The author substantiates the conclusion about Pertsov's fundamental differences related to the position of Novoye Vremya in the case of the French officer A. Dreyfus. An overview of Pertsov's publications in the newspaper related to the beginning of his collaboration with the newspaper is given. The author traces the evolution of the attitude of a young critic, a liberal in the recent past, to the «New time». Russian Russian theater and drama is the first time that Pertsov's correspondence with A. Suvorin is introduced into scientific circulation, filled with reflections on Russian theater and Russian dramaturgy. The letters discuss Pertsov's theatrical articles: «About the new theater» (about the production of a play by the German playwright G. Gauptmana «Lonely») and «a Satire or a drama» (about productions of new plays by A.P. Chekhov). Pertsov and Suvorin discuss performances of the Art public theater (Moscow art theater), which opened in Moscow in 1898. In a polemic with a young critic, Suvorin defended the national theater, represented by plays by Russian playwrights, primarily A.N. Ostrovsky. Pertsov advocated a new theater, focused primarily on the production of plays by modern playwrights regardless of their nationality.

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