scholarly journals The Presence of Mycotoxins in Human Amniotic Fluid

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Karolina Gromadzka ◽  
Jakub Pankiewicz ◽  
Monika Beszterda ◽  
Magdalena Paczkowska ◽  
Beata Nowakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Risk Characterization ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Mycotoxin exposure assessments through biomonitoring studies, based on the analysis of amniotic fluid, provides useful information about potential exposure of mothers and fetuses to ubiquitous toxic metabolites that are routinely found in food and the environment. In this study, amniotic fluid samples (n = 86) were collected via abdominal amniocentesis at 15–22 weeks of gestation from pregnant women with a high risk of chromosomal anomalies or genetic fetal defects detected during 1st trimester prenatal screening. These samples were analyzed for the presence of the most typical Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium mycotoxins, with a focus on aflatoxins, ochratoxins and trichothecenes, using the LC-FLD/DAD method. The results showed that the toxin was present in over 75% of all the tested samples and in 73% of amniotic fluid samples from fetuses with genetic defects. The most frequently identified toxins were nivalenol (33.7%) ranging from <LOQ to 4037.6 ng/mL, and aflatoxins (31.4%), including aflatoxin G1, ranging from <LOQ to 0.4 ng/mL. Ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol were identified in 26.7% and 27.9% of samples, respectively. Bearing in mind the above, the detection of mycotoxin levels in amniotic fluid is useful for the estimation of overall risk characterization with an attempt to link the occurrence of fetal abnormalities with exposure to mycotoxins in utero.

scholarly journals Efficiency of non-invasive prenatal screening in pregnant women at advanced maternal age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Jin ◽  
Yuqing Xu ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is widely used as the alternative choice for pregnant women at high-risk of fetal aneuploidy. However, whether NIPS has a good detective efficiency for pregnant women at advanced maternal age (AMA) has not been fully studied especially in Chinese women. Methods Twenty-nine thousand three hundred forty-three pregnant women at AMA with singleton pregnancy who received NIPS and followed-up were recruited. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Youden Index for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidies were analyzed. The relationship between maternal age and common fetal chromosomal aneuploidy was observed. Results The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of NIPS for detecting fetal trisomy 21 were 99.11, 99.96, 90.98, and 100%, respectively. These same parameters for detecting fetal trisomy 18 were 100, 99.94, 67.92, and 100%, respectively. Finally, these parameters for detecting trisomy 13 were 100, 99.96, 27.78, and 100%, respectively. The prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 increased exponentially with maternal age. The high-risk percentage incidence rate of fetal trisomy 21 was significantly higher in the pregnant women at 37 years old or above than that in pregnant women at 35 to 37 years old. (Youden index = 37). Conclusion It is indicated that NIPS is an effective prenatal screening method for pregnant women at AMA.

Amniotic fluid composition in pregnant women at high risk of preterm birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8_2020 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Khodzhaeva Z.S. Khodzhaeva ◽  
Gorina K.A. Gorina ◽  
Muminova K.T. Muminova ◽  
Ivanets T.Yu. Ivanets ◽  
Kessler Yu.V. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fluid Composition

Copper and Zinc in the Amniotic Fluid and Serum from High-Risk Pregnant Women

1979 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Shearer ◽  
E. W. Lis ◽  
K. S. Johnson ◽  
J. R. Johnson ◽  
G. H. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Copper And Zinc

The Effect of Inhibin A on Prenatal Screening Results for Down Syndrome in the High Risk Czech Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (05/2019) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Loucký ◽  
Silvie Bělášková ◽  
Richard Průša ◽  
Karel Kotaška
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Inhibin A

scholarly journals Retinol transport proteins and concentrations in human amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetal and maternal sera

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sklan ◽  
I. Shalit ◽  
N. Lasebnik ◽  
Z. Spirer ◽  
Y. Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Plasma Retinol

1. The proteins binding retinol, and retinol concentrations, were determined in amniotic fluid, placental cytosol and in the fetal and maternal circulation.2. In non-pregnant women, plasma retinol was almost exclusively found in a transthyretin-retinol-binding-protein complex whereas, in pregnant women, retinol-binding-protein-bound retinol was observed not complexed to transthyretin. This latter fraction increased in concentration with fetal age. These two fractions were the major retinol-protein complexes in amniotic fluid and their relative amounts changed with progress of gestation.3. In fetal blood both of these fractions were again found, with higher proportions of retinol-binding- protein-bound retinol in the umbilical artery than in the umbilical vein.

scholarly journals Development of a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) questionnaire to elicit values by pregnant women and decision-makers for the expansion of a NIPS-based prenatal screening program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Manh Nguyen ◽  
Carmen Lindsay ◽  
Mohammad Baradaran ◽  
Jason Robert Guertin ◽  
Leon Nshimyumukiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Care Providers

Abstract BackgroundIn an accountable world, being able to take into account the value given by relevant stakeholders to an intervention that could be offered to the population is considered as desirable. DCE is an approach particularly suited for the measurement of such values in the field of prenatal care. Yet, DCE studies in the field of prenatal screening have focused mainly on pregnant women and their care providers but have neglected another key actor, the decision-makers. The objective of the study was to develop a DCE instrument applicable to pregnant women and decision-makers, for the evaluation of new conditions to be added to a screening program for fetal chromosomal anomalies.MethodsAn instrument development study was undertaken. Methods employed included a literature review, a qualitative study performed on pregnant women and decision-makers, and a pilot project to validate the developed instrument and test the feasibility of its administration through an online survey platform. ResultsAn initial list of ten attributes and levels were built from the information provided by the literature review and the qualitative research component of the study. Seven attributes were built based on responses provided by participants from both groups. Two attributes were built from what was said by women only and one from what was said by decision-makers only. Search for consensus through consultations and a focus group discussion led to the retention of eight attributes. A pilot project was then performed with 33 pregnant women. This led to the exclusion of one attribute that showed poor influence on the choice making. The final version of the instrument contains seven attributes.ConclusionThis paper presents the construction of a DCE instrument that can be administered to pregnant women on the demand side, and decision-makers on the supply side. Such an instrument to measure the social desirability of an intervention could be an added value to the decision-making process of Health Technology Assessment agencies.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Non-invasive Prenatal Screening in Pregnant Women at Advanced Maternal Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Jin ◽  
Yuqing Xu ◽  
Weihua Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background: Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is widely used as the alternative choice for pregnant women at high-risk of fetal aneuploidy. However, whether NIPS has a good detective efficiency for pregnant women at advanced maternal age (AMA) has not been fully studied especially in Chinese women. Methods: 29,343 pregnant women at AMA with singleton pregnancy who received NIPS and followed-up were recruited. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Youden Index for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidies were analyzed. The relationship between maternal age and common fetal chromosomal aneuploidy was observed. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of NIPS for detecting fetal trisomy 21 were 99.11%, 99.96%, 90.98%, and 100%, respectively. These same parameters for detecting fetal trisomy 18 were 100%, 99.94%, 67.92%, and 100%, respectively. Finally, these parameters for detecting trisomy 13 were 100%, 99.96%, 27.78%, and 100%, respectively. The prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 increased exponentially with maternal age. The high-risk percentage incidence rate of fetal trisomy 21 was significantly higher in the pregnant women at 37 years old or above than that in pregnant women at 35 to 37 years old. (Youden index=37). Conclusion: It is indicated that NIPS is an effective prenatal screening method for pregnant women at AMA.

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