scholarly journals Virulence Factor Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Blood and Chronic Wounds

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Anna Budzyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Agnieszka Kaczmarek ◽  
Magdalena Wietlicka-Piszcz ◽  
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant bacteria isolated from skin and soft tissue infections and a common cause of bloodstream infections. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of resistance to various antimicrobial agents and virulence patterns in a total of 200 S. aureus strains isolated from patients with bacteremia and chronic wounds. Disk diffusion assay and in the case of vancomycin and teicoplanin-microdilution assay, were performed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. The prevalence of genes encoding six enterotoxins, two exfoliative toxins, the Panton–Valentine leukocidin and the toxic shock syndrome toxin was determined by PCR. Of the 100 blood strains tested, the highest percentage (85.0%, 31.0%, and 29.0%) were resistant to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively. Out of the 100 chronic wound strains, the highest percentage (86.0%, 32.0%, 31.0%, 31.0%, 30.0%, and 29.0%) were confirmed as resistant to benzylpenicillin, tobramycin, amikacin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, respectively. A significantly higher prevalence of resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was noted in strains obtained from chronic wounds. Moreover, a significant difference in the distribution of sea and sei genes was found. These genes were detected in 6.0%, 46.0% of blood strains and in 19.0%, and 61.0% of wound strains, respectively. Our results suggest that S. aureus strains obtained from chronic wounds seem to be more often resistant to antibiotics and harbor more virulence genes compared to strains isolated from blood.

Characterization of Toxin Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from Retail Raw Chicken Meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUIXIA LI ◽  
PANPAN WANG ◽  
JIALIN ZHAO ◽  
LUHONG ZHOU ◽  
PENGFEI ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Potential Health Hazard

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the toxin gene profile and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw chicken in the People's Republic of China. In total, 289 S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and genes encoding enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin were revealed by PCR. Overall, 46.0% of the isolates were positive for one or more toxin genes. A high proportion of toxin genes were pvl (26.6%), followed by sej (12.5%), sea (9.0%), seh (8.3%), seb (6.9%), sec (6.9%), sed (4.8%), sei (3.1%), and see (2.4%). None of the isolates harbored seg, tsst-1, or exfoliative toxin genes. In total, 29 toxin gene profiles were obtained, and pvl (10.7%) was the most frequent genotype, followed by sea (5.9%), seb (4.8%), and sej (4.2%). Furthermore, 99.7% of the strains were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents, and 87.2% of them displayed multidrug resistance. Resistance was most frequently observed to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin (86.2% for each), followed by tetracycline (69.9%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (45.0%), and ampicillin (42.6%). None of the strains were resistant to vancomycin. This study indicates that S. aureus isolates from raw chicken harbored multiple toxin genes and exhibited multiple antimicrobial resistance, which represents a potential health hazard for consumers.

Prevalence, Toxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Quick-Frozen Dumplings

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN HAO ◽  
XIAONAN XING ◽  
GUANGHUI LI ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
MIN ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in quick-frozen dumplings and to characterize these strains. A total of 120 dumpling samples, including lamb (n = 13), vegetarian (n = 14), seafood (n = 12), and pork (n = 81) stuffing, were collected in Shaanxi province in China and screened for S. aureus. All S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and detection of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins A and B (eta and etb), toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1), and resistance to methicillin-oxacillin (mecA). In all, 60.0% of all samples were positive for S. aureus, and 117 S. aureus isolates, including seven mecA-positive strains, were recovered from these positive samples. In addition, all mecA-positive S. aureus isolates were recovered from products of animal origin. In these S. aureus isolates, resistance was observed most frequently to ampicillin (92.3%) and penicillin (86.3%), followed by clarithromycin, erythromycin, midecamycin, tetracycline, and kanahemycin (from 53.8 to 28.2%). All isolates were sensitive to cefoperazone, minocycline, vancomycin, and ofloxacin. The predominant toxin gene was sec (38.5%), followed by seg (19.7%), sej (16.2%), see (12.8%), sea (11.1%), and seb (10.3%), whereas eta, etb, and tsst-1 genes were not detected. These findings indicate that S. aureus was present commonly in quick-frozen dumplings, accompanied by multiple antimicrobial resistance and toxin genes. Our findings highlight the urgency for stricter hygiene strategies in food production and the prudent use of antibiotics in the breeding industry.

scholarly journals Pheno- and Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates of Sheep Origin

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Mašlanková ◽  
Ivana Pilipčincová ◽  
Ľudmila Tkáčiková
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Rflp Pattern ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Encoding Genes

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw sheep milk, sheep cheese and Bryndza cheese. Genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin (sea, seb, sec, sed and see), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst), exfoliative toxins (eta and etb) and collagen-binding protein (cna) were detected. In a total of 79 S. aureus isolates all assessed toxins encoding genes were found, except for see, eta and etb. Overall, 75.9% of S. aureus isolates were found to be positive for one or more toxin genes. The sec gene was found most frequently (24.1%), followed by tst (22.8%), seb (13.9%), sed (10.1%) and sea (5.1%). The cna gene was detected in 55.7% of S. aureus isolates. Based on tandem repeats in coa gene, five coa types were observed, further divided into 16 subtypes based on their RFLP pattern. Similarly tandem repeats in spa gene divided S. aureus isolates into 7 types. In the parallel antibiotic resistance study, 69.6% isolates were resistant to at least one of the 11 tested antibiotics. The pheno- and genotyping of S. aureus isolates of sheep origin presented in this work update the epidemiological data in Slovakia.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Gene Polymorphism in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Abdulghany ◽  
Rasha M. Khairy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Rflp Typing

The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. A total of 400 specimens were collected from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, between March 2012 and April 2013. Fifty-eight strains (14.5%) were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods as MRSA. The identified isolates were tested by Coagulase gene RFLP typing. Out of 58 MRSA isolates 15 coa types were classified, and the amplification products showed multiple bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 bands). Coagulase gene PCR-RFLPs exhibited 10 patterns that ranged from 1 to 8 fragments with AluI digestion. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with a panel of 8 antimicrobial agents showed 6 different antibiotypes. Antibiotype 1 was the most common phenotype with 82.7%. The results have demonstrated that many new variants of the coa gene are present in Minia, Egypt, different from those reported in the previous studies. So surveillance of MRSA should be continued.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of Staphylococcus. aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different livestock areas in Tangier. Antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc , mec A, mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for all isolates.Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for further larger and multi-center studies to better define the transmission of the pathogenic S. aureus between livestock, environment, and humans.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in livestock in North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadira Mourabit ◽  
Abdelhay Arakrak ◽  
Mohammed Bakkali ◽  
Zeineb Zian ◽  
Joaira Bakkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background : In Morocco, data of LA-MRSA nasal carriage are still limited. The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact. Methods : From 2015 to 2016, 480 nasal swab samples were collected from 27 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2016. The presence of nuc , mec A and his homologue mec C, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results : The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR = 14.321; 95% CI = 7.484- 27.405; p< 0.0001). In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the higher resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been found only in animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively). Conclusion : Despite the lower colonization rate of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention. Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , nasal carriage, animals, breeders, MRSA, Morocco

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