scholarly journals Differing Effects of Vinegar on Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Stings—Implications for First Aid Protocols

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Ainara Ballesteros ◽  
Macarena Marambio ◽  
Verónica Fuentes ◽  
Mridvika Narda ◽  
Andreu Santín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Pelagia Noctiluca ◽  
Jellyfish Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Carybdea Marsupialis ◽  
The Ideal

The jellyfish species that inhabit the Mediterranean coastal waters are not lethal, but their stings can cause severe pain and systemic effects that pose a health risk to humans. Despite the frequent occurrence of jellyfish stings, currently no consensus exists among the scientific community regarding the most appropriate first-aid protocol. Over the years, several different rinse solutions have been proposed. Vinegar, or acetic acid, is one of the most established of these solutions, with efficacy data published. We investigated the effect of vinegar and seawater on the nematocyst discharge process in two species representative of the Mediterranean region: Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cubozoa), by means of (1) direct observation of nematocyst discharge on light microscopy (tentacle solution assay) and (2) quantification of hemolytic area (tentacle skin blood agarose assay). In both species, nematocyst discharge was not stimulated by seawater, which was classified as a neutral solution. In P. noctiluca, vinegar produced nematocyst discharge per se, but inhibited nematocyst discharge from C. marsupialis. These results suggest that the use of vinegar cannot be universally recommended. Whereas in case of a cubozoan C. marsupialis sting, the inhibitory effect of vinegar makes it the ideal rinse solution, in case of a scyphozoan P. noctiluca sting, vinegar application may be counterproductive, worsening the pain and discomfort of the stung area.

scholarly journals The Unequal Efficacy of Vinegar in First Aid Protocols for Pelagia noctiluca (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Stings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Ballesteros ◽  
Macarena Marambio ◽  
Verónica Fuentes ◽  
Mridvika Narda ◽  
Andreu Santín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Neutral Solution ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Pelagia Noctiluca ◽  
Jellyfish Species ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Carybdea Marsupialis

Although the jellyfish species that inhabit the Mediterranean coastal waters are not lethal, their sting can cause severe pain and systemic effects that pose a health risk to humans. Despite the frequent occurrence of jellyfish stings, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate first aid protocol among the scientific community. Over the years, several different rinse solutions have been proposed of which vinegar, or acetic acid, is one of the most noticeable as a rinse solution with efficacy data published. We investigated the effect of vinegar and seawater on the nematocyst discharge process in species representative of the Mediterranean region such as Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) and Carybdea marsupialis (Cubozoa) by means of: (1) direct observation on the nematocyst discharge by light microscope (Tentacle solution assay) and (2) the quantification of hemolytic area (Tentacle skin blood agarose assay). The nematocyst discharge of both species was not stimulated by seawater, and it was classified as a neutral solution. In P. noctiluca, vinegar produced nematocyst discharge per ser while inhibiting the nematocyst discharge of C. marsupilais. These results suggest that the use of vinegar cannot be universally recommended. While in case of a cubozoan C. marsupialis sting, the inhibitory effect of vinegar makes it the best rinse solution par excellence, in case of a scyphozoan P. noctiluca sting, its application can be counterproductive, worsening the pain and discomfort of the stung area.

scholarly journals Serial nominations for the AWH initiative: The paradigm of seven-stone antas and beyond

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Belmonte ◽  
César González García ◽  
Michael Hoskin
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractIn this short report we examine the ideal status of the seven-stone antas (a type of very ancient megalithic monument in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula) as an excellent candidate for a serial nomination within the Astronomy and World Heritage Initiative. This case will be compared with an extraordinary set of dolmens at the other side of the Mediterranean, within the Transjordan Plateau, worthy of being protected under the umbrella of the same initiative but which are in serious danger of ‘extinction’.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of plant extracts on the cytotoxicity of eurytele nematocysts from Pelagia noctiluca

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Morabito ◽  
Laura Cornara ◽  
Giuseppina La Spada ◽  
Angela Marino ◽  
Gian Luigi Mariottini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Pelagia Noctiluca ◽  
Ic50 Value

Some species of Cnidarians, well known venomous organisms, are able to induce serious health problems as well as economic and social trouble. A lot of data show that cnidarian venoms can be cytotoxic to cultured cells. Therefore, a priority of the research is to find tools which could counteract the damaging activity of venoms. In this connection, the modulatory effects exerted by extracts of plants Ananas comosus (L.) and Carica papaya (L.) on cytotoxicity of heterotrichous microbasic eurytele nematocysts isolated from the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca was evaluated. The nematocyst extract induced strong cytotoxicity at highest tested doses with reduction of cell survival below 40% and IC50 value of 40×103 nematocysts/mL. Both plant extracts significantly improved the survival of cells, so that the IC50 resulted 74×103 and 100×103 nematocysts/mL in the presence of A. comosus and C. papaya extracts, respectively, both used at 10 and 100 μg/mL. Taking into account that heterotrichous microbasic eurytele nematocysts are present mainly in tentacles, which Pelagia noctiluca utilizes both for predation and defence, this result is particularly interesting from both ecological and sanitary point of view and demonstrates the potential of these plants extracts against cnidarian venoms.

Survival of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric viruses in the Mediterranean coastal waters off Tel-Aviv

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Fattal ◽  
Robert J. Vasl ◽  
Eliyahu Katzenelson ◽  
Hillel I. Shuval
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
The Mediterranean

On the occurrence of the scyphomedusan Pelagia noctiluca in the English Channel in 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Pelagia Noctiluca

The oceanic scyphomedusa Pelagia noctiluca (Forskål) was exceptionally abundant in the coastal waters of Devon and Cornwall in the year 1966. Very young stages were taken only in the months of October, December, January and early February, indicating that the medusa has a restricted breeding season.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Mediterranean Sea Water in Vicinity of Tangier Region, North of Morocco

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Bourouhou ◽  
Farida Salmoun ◽  
Yusuf Gedik
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
The Mediterranean

Coastal areas play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of ecosystems and developing the social and economic wellbeing of the countries bordering it. However, the pressure on both terrestrial and marine resources, the use of oceans as a wastes deposit, the growth of population and the increasing of urbanization and human activities in coastal areas are all causes for marine and coastal degradation. The present situation constitutes a significant danger in many places. As an example, the pollution of the coastal waters in the Mediterranean has increased in recent years. Industrialization, tourism and ports activities along the coastline of the Mediterranean are the main sources of many pollutants that have effects on human’s health and environment. So that, it is very important to examine seawater quality in order to protect the marine and coastal areas from degradation. Hence, comes the need to consider a physicochemical and bacteriological study to evaluate the quality of Tangier coastal seawater using the Water Quality Index (WQI). A campaign of 25 sampling points was conducted and the results of the WQI calculation have highlighted the Tangier water was between medium and bad.

scholarly journals Spear-Fishing and Fish Extermination

Oryx ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
Norman Lewis
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Shallow Coastal Waters

Fish inhabiting shallow coastal waters in all accessible parts of the world are at this moment in the process of being exterminated, through the mass invasion of these waters by spear-fishermen. On the Mediterranean shores of France and Spain, and all round the coastline of Italy the process is almost complete, so far as several species of fish are concerned, and we learn from the magazines of spear-fishing enthusiasts, of new centres of their sport being continually established on the more remote coasts of the Adriatic, of Greece and of North Africa.

scholarly journals THE NILE LITTORAL CELL AND MAN'S IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MEDITERRANEAN

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Inman ◽  
Scott A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Sediment Source ◽  
Littoral Cell ◽  
The Mediterranean

Man's intervention with coastal processes takes many forms. However, the most serious large scale, long term coastal erosion results from the interception by dams of rivers supplying sediment to the coast. This loss of sediment may have catastrophic effects along coasts where streams discharge directly into coastal waters. The Nile littoral cell is an impressive example of the effect of dams on coastal erosion. The Nile littoral cell is located in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea and extends 700 km from Alexandria, Egypt in the south to Akko, Israel in the north. The sediment load from the Nile River was deposited along the submerged portion of the delta, where it was sorted and transported to the east by the prevailing waves and by currents of the counterclockwise east Mediterranean gyre that commonly flows at about 50 cm sec over the delta. Prior to 1964, the turbid plume of the flood waters of the Nile River could be traced along the Mediterranean coast for over 700 km to the shores of Lebanon. Fine silt and clay sized material were carried easterly and into deeper water, while sand is carried easterly along the shelf and shore as far as Haifa Bay. Until 1964, the major sediment source of the littoral cell was the Nile River. Construction of the High Aswan Dam, which began filling in 1964, has resulted in a near absence of Nile River flow into the Mediterranean and a corresponding complete loss of the Nile River as a source of nutrients to coastal waters, and as an active sediment source for the delta and the coastline of the Nile littoral cell. As a result, the Nile Delta is now subject to severe erosion in a number of localities.

scholarly journals Regulatory volume decrease in isolated nematocytes is affected by crude venom from the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Morabito ◽  
Silvia Dossena ◽  
Giuseppa La Spada ◽  
Angela Marino
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Regulatory Volume Decrease ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Hypotonic Stress ◽  
Pelagia Noctiluca ◽  
Volume Decrease

Crude venom from nematocysts of the Scyphozoan <em>Pelagia noctiluca</em> possesses hemolytic and cytotoxic power on cultured cells and elicits local and systemic inflammation reactions <em>in vivo</em>. The ability of regulating their volume after exposure to an anisosmotic solution is a fundamental feature common to cells from vertebrates and invertebrates, including Cnidarians. The aim of the present work i s to assay whether crude venom from <em>Pelagia noctiluca</em> may affect the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) of nematocytes isolated from the Anthozoan <em>Aiptasia mutabilis</em>, here employed as a cell model. For this purpose, nematocytes were isolated by 605 mM NaSCN plus 0.01 mM Ca2+ application on acontia of <em>Aiptasia mutabilis</em>, while crude venom was obtained by sonication of a population of, respectively, 10, 25 and 50 nematocysts/µL (n/µL). Isolated nematocytes were pre-treated for 30 min with crude venom, submitted to hypotonic stress and their osmotic response and RVD were measured optically. Our results show that, after exposure to crude venom, nematocytes were morphologically intact, as shown by the Trypan blue exclusion test, but did not exhibit RVD. This effect was dose-dependent and reversed by the ionopho re gramicidin. The last observation suggests an inhibitory effect of venom on cell membrane ion transport mechanisms involved in RVD. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis and ascertain if a similar effect could be observed in human cells.

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