Role of Fungicides, Application of Nozzle Types, and the Resistance Level of Wheat Varieties in the Control of Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol

Fusarium head blight has posed continuous risks to wheat production worldwide due to its effects on yield, and the fungus provides additional risks with production of toxins. Plant resistance is thought to be the most powerful method. The host plant resistance is complex, Types I–V were reported. From the time of spraying inoculation (Type I), all resistance types can be identified and used to determine the total resistance. Type II resistance (at point inoculation) describes the spread of head blight from the ovary to the other parts of the head. Therefore, it cannot solve the resistance problem alone. Type II QTL (quantitative trait locus) Fhb1 on 3BS from Sumai 3 descendant CM82036 secures about the same resistance level as Type I QTL does on 5AS and 5ASc in terms of visual symptoms, FDK (Fusarium damaged kernel), and deoxynivalenol response. Recently, increasing evidence supports the association of deoxynivalenol (DON) content and low kernel infection with FHB (Fusarium head blight) resistance (Types III and IV), as QTL for individual resistance types has been identified. In plant breeding practice, the role of visual selection remains vital, but the higher correlations for FDK/DON make it possible to select low-DON genotypes via FDK value. For phenotyping, the use of more independent inocula (isolates or mixtures) makes resistance evaluation more reliable. The large heterogeneity of the mapping populations is a serious source of underestimating genetic effects. Therefore, the increasing of homogeneity is a necessity. As no wheat varieties exist with full resistance to FHB, crops must be supported by proper agronomy and fungicide use.

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Integrated transcriptome and hormone profiling highlight the role of multiple phytohormone pathways in wheat resistance against fusarium head blight

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0207036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0207036 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Lipu Wang ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Ziying Liu ◽

Anu Surendra ◽

Youlian Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Head Blight ◽

Hormone Profiling

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Evaluation of resistance and the role of some defense responses in wheat cultivars to Fusarium head blight

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2017-0054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nima Khaledi ◽

Parissa Taheri ◽

Mahrokh Falahati-Rastegar

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Head Blight ◽

Callose Deposition ◽

Basal Resistance ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economic method for management of FHB and reducing mycotoxin production in wheat. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in basal resistance of wheat to FHB disease is limited. In this research, after screening resistance levels of eighteen wheat cultivars planted in Iran, Gaskozhen and Falat were identified as partially resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars against Fusarium spp., respectively. Also, we investigated the role of hydroxyl radical (OH−), nitric oxide (NO), callose deposition, lipid peroxidation and protein content in basal resistance of wheat to the hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic Fusarium species causing FHB. Nitric oxide as a signaling molecule may be involved in physiological and defensive processes in plants. Our results showed that NO generation increased in seedlings and spikes of wheat cultivars after inoculation with Fusarium species. We observed earlier and stronger callose deposition at early time points after infection by Fusarium spp. isolates than in non-infected plants, which was positively related to the resistance levels in wheat cultivars. Higher levels of OH− and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) were observed in the Falat than in the Gaskozhen cultivar, under non-infected and infected conditions. So, estimation of lipid peroxidation could be useful to evaluate cultivars’ susceptibility. These findings can provide novel insights for better recognition of physiological and biochemical markers of FHB resistance, which could be used for rapid screening of resistance levels in wheat cultivars against this destructive fungal disease.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) in Flanders: population diversity, inter-species associations and DON contamination in commercial winter wheat varieties

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-009-9494-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 445-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

K. Audenaert ◽

R. Van Broeck ◽

B. Bekaert ◽

F. De Witte ◽

B. Heremans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Winter Wheat Varieties

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Role of Temperature and Moisture in the Production and Maturation of Gibberella zeae Perithecia

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-0637 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 637-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

N. S. Dufault ◽

E. D. De Wolf ◽

P. E. Lipps ◽

L. V. Madden

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Water Potential ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Gibberella Zeae ◽

Head Blight ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

The Future ◽

Controlled Environments

Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) is the most common pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in North America. Ascospores released from the perithecia of G. zeae are a major source of inoculum for FHB. The influence of temperature and moisture on perithecial production and development was evaluated by monitoring autoclaved inoculated cornstalk sections in controlled environments. Perithecial development was assessed at all combinations of five temperatures (12, 16, 20, 24, and 28°C) and four moisture levels with means (range) -0.45 (-0.18, -1.16), -1.30 (-0.81, -1.68), -2.36 (-1.34, -3.53) and -4.02 (-2.39, -5.88) MPa. Moisture levels of -0.45 and -1.30 MPa and temperatures from 16 to 24°C promoted perithecial production and development. Temperatures of 12 and 28°C and moisture levels of -2.36 and -4.02 MPa either slowed or limited perithecial production and development. The water potential of -1.30 MPa had mature perithecia after 10 days at 20°C, but not until after 15 days for 24°C. In contrast, few perithecia achieved maturity and produced ascospores at lower moisture levels (-2.36 and -4.02 MPa) and low (12°C) and high (28°C) temperatures. In the future, it may be possible to use the information gathered in these experiments to improve the accuracy of FHB forecasting systems.

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Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility conferred by a region on wheat chromosome 4D

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (16) ◽

pp. 4703-4714 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Hales ◽

Andrew Steed ◽

Vincenzo Giovannelli ◽

Christopher Burt ◽

Marc Lemmens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Addition Line ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Susceptibility Factor ◽

Fhb Resistance ◽

Grain Yield And Quality ◽

Wheat Lines

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes significant grain yield and quality reductions in wheat and barley. Most wheat varieties are incapable of preventing FHB spread through the rachis, but disease is typically limited to individually infected spikelets in barley. We point-inoculated wheat lines possessing barley chromosome introgressions to test whether FHB resistance could be observed in a wheat genetic background. The most striking differential was between 4H(4D) substitution and 4H addition lines. The 4H addition line was similarly susceptible to the wheat parent, but the 4H(4D) substitution line was highly resistant, which suggests that there is an FHB susceptibility factor on wheat chromosome 4D. Point inoculation of Chinese Spring 4D ditelosomic lines demonstrated that removing 4DS results in high FHB resistance. We genotyped four Chinese Spring 4DS terminal deletion lines to better characterize the deletions in each line. FHB phenotyping indicated that lines del4DS-2 and del4DS-4, containing smaller deletions, were susceptible and had retained the susceptibility factor. Lines del4DS-3 and del4DS-1 contain larger deletions and were both significantly more resistant, and hence had presumably lost the susceptibility factor. Combining the genotyping and phenotyping results allowed us to refine the susceptibility factor to a 31.7 Mbp interval on 4DS.

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Characterization of Agronomical and Quality Traits of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium Head Blight Pressure in Different Environments

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Valentina Spanic ◽

Josipa Cosic ◽

Zvonimir Zdunic ◽

Georg Drezner

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Total Variation ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Test Weight ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Varieties

For food security, it is essential to identify stable, high-yielding wheat varieties with lower disease severity. This is particularly important due to climate change, which results in pressure due to the increasing occurrence of Fusarium head blight (FHB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield under different environmental conditions. Twenty-five winter wheat varieties were evaluated under two treatments (naturally-disease infected (T1) and FHB artificial stress (T2)) during two growing seasons (2018–2019 to 2019–2020) in Osijek and in 2019–2020 in Tovarnik. The interaction between varieties and different environments for grain yield was described using the additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) effects model. The Kraljica and Fifi varieties were located near the origin of the biplot, thus indicating non-sensitivity to different environmental conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to understand the trait and environmental relationships. PC1 alone contributed 42.5% of the total variation, which was mainly due to grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and test weight in that respective order. PC2 contributed 21.1% of the total variation mainly through the total sedimentation value, test weight, wet gluten and protein content ratio (VG/P) and wet gluten content, in descending order.

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Assessment of Agrocenosis Adaptability of Winter Wheat in the Conditions of the Foothill Zone of the Central Caucasus

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v0i0.9025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irina Manukyan ◽

Elena Miroshnikova ◽

Madina Basieva ◽

Nino Doguzova

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Leaf Beetle ◽

Tan Spot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽

Oulema Melanopus ◽

Central Caucasus ◽

Selection Of

This paper presents the results of multi-year research on the adaptability of winter wheat varieties to the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus. Characteristics such as ductility and stability were used to assess varieties for conformity to the cultivation conditions. Plant homeostaticity served as the indicator of ontogenetic adaptability. Phenological observations and reports were carried out according to the state variety testing methodology. The species composition of weed vegetation was established using the Agroecological Atlas of Russia. Conventional insect accounting methods were used to consider phytophages and plants damaged by them. It was established that the dominant pests of winter grains in the early periods of vegetation include phytophage bugs and cereal leaf beetle Oulema melanopus L. The maximum number of phytophage bugs was noted during the earing-flowering period. The proportion of pathogens of spike Fusarium head blight, tan spot and Septoria spot prevailed in the pathogenic complex. In total, 36.7% of varieties, including Kuma, Deya, Esaul, Starshina, Delta, Nota and Antonina, were medium-resistant to Fusarium head blight damage. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of winter wheat selection by the parameters of adaptability, productivity and resistance to diseases, highly plastic genotypes responsive to environmental factors were distinguished: Kuma, Deya, Veda, Tanya, and List 25 (bi = 2.2; 2,3; 2,1). The selection of varieties was based on the adaptive properties of winter wheat. Fusarium head blight decreased by 20.8% in the mixed variety Batko+Deya, and the yield of mixed variety crops increased by 9%. Methods for compiling mixed varieties and designing the mosaics of varieties in the area of grain agrocenosis are recommended. Keywords: winter wheat, sustainability of agrocenosis, productivity, ecological plasticity, mixed varieties

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Metabolic Biomarker Panels of Response to Fusarium Head Blight Infection in Different Wheat Varieties

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0153642 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e0153642 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf ◽

Lipu Wang ◽

Lily Forseille ◽

Kerry Boyle ◽

Nadine Merkley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Head Blight ◽

Wheat Varieties

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Effect of Seeding Rate and Seed Treatment Fungicides on Agronomic Performance, Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms, and DON Accumulation in Two Winter Wheats

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-1109 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (10) ◽

pp. 1109-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. W. Schaafsma ◽

L. Tamburic-Ilincic

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Head Blight ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Plant Emergence ◽

Foliar Fungicide

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). FHB reduces yield and quality, and the pathogen produces several toxins in the grain, the most important being deoxynivalenol (DON). In North America, the foliar fungicide tebuconazole is used to reduce FHB symptoms and DON accumulation. Because of the narrow window required for its application, uniform flowering of wheat is important. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of variety, seeding rate, and seed treatment fungicides on the flowering period of winter wheat and their effect on FHB symptoms and DON accumulation. The seed of two winter wheat varieties (Pioneer 25W60 and Pioneer 25R57) was treated with Dividend XL (difeconazole+metalaxyl), Vitaflo 280 (thiram+carbathiin), Raxil (tebuconazole), and Baytan 30 (triadimenol) and planted at 320, 480, and 640 seeds per m2 for each treatment at Ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2000 and 2001. The plots were sprayed with tebuconazole at 50% anthesis and inoculated with F. graminearum 3 days later. Increased seeding rate increased the number of emerged plants, tillers, spikes per m2, and yield. All seed treatments, compared to nontreated controls, increased plant emergence and number of spikes per m2, and all except tebuconazole increased tillering and yield. Increased seeding rate decreased the length of flowering period. As flowering period increased, FHB index and DON level decreased, suggesting that greater infection was linked to more uniform flowering.

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