scholarly journals Growth after Trauma: The Role of Self-Compassion following Hurricane Harvey

Trauma Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Joshua Yuhan ◽  
David C. Wang ◽  
Andrea Canada ◽  
Jonathan Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The psychological impact of a traumatic event includes potentially both negative (e.g., PTSD, depression, and anxiety) as well as positive (e.g., post-traumatic growth) outcomes. The construct of self-compassion—the capacity to be compassionate towards oneself—has been associated with various psychological benefits following disasters; however, the association between self-compassion and PTG have not yet been examined in natural disaster settings. This study aimed to examine the relationship between these constructs, with self-compassion as a potential mediator in this relationship. Three hundred and nine undergraduate students affected by the impact of Hurricane Harvey were recruited. Statistical analyses revealed a significant mediation effect, with PTSD symptoms being both directly and indirectly (via self-compassion) associated with PTG. The capacity to grow from traumatic experiences is mediated by one’s disposition to be compassionate towards oneself, serving as a resilience factor to provide individuals with the cognitive and emotional resources to grow after trauma. These findings have significant implications in both clinical and research contexts, including the use of self-compassion interventions to protect against PTSD and other comorbid psychopathology and also act as a catalyst for growth following natural disaster events.

Post-traumatic Growth: Longitudinal Study on Battered Women in Close Relationships after Both They and Their Partners Undergo Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199793
Author(s):  
Dorota Dyjakon ◽  
Beata Rajba
Keyword(s):  
Battered Women ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Violence in intimate relationships is a major problem worldwide. Many women, despite having experienced violence from a partner, decide to remain in a relationship with the perpetrator. A special premise for such a decision is that the abusive partner undertakes therapy that serves to build security in the family. An important indicator of dealing with violence is post-traumatic growth (PTG), a concept introduced by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1998) to describe positive changes as a result of traumatic experiences. The purpose of the research was to assess PTG changes in the course of relationships in which the woman had experienced violence from her partner, but both her partner and she had undertaken therapy and changed their behavior ( N = 48). The conducted research used a demographic survey and two questionnaires: The Polish version of the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, Weiss, Marmara prepared by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik [2009]) examining three dimensions of trauma (intrusion, hyperarousal, and avoidance) and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory ( Tedeschi & Calhoun [2004] ; Polish version prepared by Ogińska-Bulik & Juczyński [2010] ). The studies showed that over a period of one and half years, significant changes in PTG had taken place. Reportedly, changes in self-perception and changes in relating to others have decreased, while appreciation of life increased but spiritual life remained the same. The research also allowed us to distinguish several groups of corelates in changes in individual PTG categories. The studies also indicate that building a close relationship with the person who caused the harm can limit the victim’s PTG.

scholarly journals Maternal Distress/Coping and Children's Adaptive Behaviors During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Mediation Through Children's Emotional Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Petrocchi ◽  
Annalisa Levante ◽  
Federica Bianco ◽  
Ilaria Castelli ◽  
Flavia Lecciso
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Impact

The present study focused on the psychological impact that the lockdown due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) had on families in Italy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Italian government imposed a strict lockdown for all citizens. People were forced to stay at home, and the length of the lockdown was uncertain. Previous studies analyzed the impact of social distance measures on individuals' mental health, whereas few studies have examined the interplay between the adults' functioning, as parents, during this period and the association with the child's adjustment. The present study tested if maternal distress/coping predicts children's behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown, hypothesizing a mediation effect via children's emotional experience. Participants were 144 mothers (Mage = 39.3, 25–52, SD = 5.6) with children aged 5–10 years (Mage = 7.54, SD = 1.6, 82 boys); mothers answered to an online survey. Results indicated that mothers with higher exposure to COVID-19 showed higher levels of distress and higher display of coping attitudes, even if in the structural equation modeling model, the COVID-19 exposure was not a predictor of mothers' distress. Compared with mothers with good coping skills, mothers with higher stress levels were more likely to attribute negative emotions to their children at the expense of their positive emotions. Moreover, children's emotions acted as mediators between maternal distress/coping and children's adaptive/maladaptive behaviors. In conclusion, it is important to support parents during pandemic emergence, by providing them with adequate information to manage the relationship with their children, to reduce their level of distress and to enhance their coping abilities.

scholarly journals To Work or Not to Work, That Is the Question: The Psychological Impact of the First COVID-19 Lockdown on the Elderly, Healthcare Workers, and Virtual Workers

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Silvia Andreassi ◽  
Silvia Monaco ◽  
Sergio Salvatore ◽  
Gaetano Maria Sciabica ◽  
Giulio De Felice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Referential Process ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The spread of COVID-19 created a state of emergency all over the world and played a big role in the decline of the mental health of citizens. The context of the workplace became an important variable in the impact of the lockdown on individuals. In this study, we deepened the categories of healthcare workers (HWs), virtual workers (VWs), and the elderly, along with their emotional approach to this emergency. A sample of 257 participants (ElderlyN = 62; HWsN = 104; VWsN = 91) completed: a semi-structured interview on their experience during lockdown via telephone; an online survey with a sociodemographic questionnaire; the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS); and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Linguistic measures of the Referential Process were utilized to code the interviews. An independent ANOVA explored the variability among groups. The results show more affective language in the Elderly (M = 0.0310, SD = 0.0070) and a growth in spirituality (M = 4.16, SD = 3.17). HWs displayed a higher PTGI (M = 56.84, SD = 20.29), while VWs displayed a lower PTGI (M = 50.02, SD = 21.05). Moreover, VWs presented higher scores in Impulse on the DERS (M = 11.67, SD = 5.05) and a more cognitive/abstract narration (Reflection IREF M = 0.0260, SD = 0.0071; Reorganization IWRRL M = 0.5419, SD = 0.0032; Referential Activity IWRAD M = 0.4978, SD = 0.0029). This study aims to take the work context into consideration to create focused interventions.

Abstract P222: Psychological Recovery After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: The Role of Post-Traumatic Growth and Self-Compassion

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), a subset of haemorrhagic stroke, is a potentially fatal condition with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. Of those that survive, some 60% will experience ongoing disability and impairment. Forty per cent of remaining survivors will experience what is deemed as a good neurological recovery. Despite good recovery, people have been found to experience negative psychosocial outcomes such as high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression and reduced levels of overall well-being. As a result, aSAH has been viewed as a traumatic life experience with the potential for ongoing psychological sequelae. More recently the literature has identified that traumatic experiences can also elicit an opportunity for growth. Post-traumatic growth (PTG) states that for some people, the experience of trauma may also result in positive psychological gains. PTG has previously been investigated as an outcome after natural disasters and in a range of medical conditions; however, no studies have investigated PTG after an aSAH. A recent study identified that PTG may play a psychologically buffering role after a diagnosis of breast cancer. It is possible that PTG may also play a protective role in recovery after an aSAH; however, this has not been investigated. This study comprised N = 251 adults who had experienced an aSAH, and were recruited from Australia, U.K., U.S.A., New Zealand, and Canada. This study examined whether people who have survived an aSAH experience PTG; if predictors including self-compassion (SC) and social support (SS) influence the development of PTG after an aSAH; and if PTG moderates the relationship between PTSS, and depression and subjective well-being. Regression analyses were utilised to analyse the data. Results showed that people experience PTG after an aSAH; SC predicted PTG; PTG was not found to moderate the relationship between PTSS and either Depression or SWB domains. Supplementary analyses were conducted with SC not a significant moderator between PTSS and either depression or SWB domains. However, SC was found to mediate the relationship between PTSS and Depression and PTSS and SWB domains.

scholarly journals Cyber Bullying and Traumatic Experiences: The Impact on Learning Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Agathi Stathopoulou ◽  
Zoe Karabatzaki ◽  
Dionisis Loukeris ◽  
Panagiotis Mantas ◽  
Georgia Kokkalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Abstract"><em>The aim of our research is to investigate the effects of traumatic experiences that teens with learning disorders had to go through. The sample of our study is consisted of 160 high school students who were referred in a web line evaluation form, due to low school performance. The research tool that was used was ACHENBACH’s self-report questionnaire for children and teenagers and more specifically the subscales for anxiety-depression and depression-withdrawal. Frequencies, percentages of responses and means have been calculated. An analysis of variance (one way anova) to assess the differences in the averages of students' responses to the variable "experiencing a traumatic event" was also performed. The results showed that there are significant differences in the level of statistical significance p &lt;0,01 between the means of students who say they have experienced a traumatic event and those who report that they haven’t. Particularly decisive traumatic experience for the students' mentality seems to be the in-school violence received by students and the death of a loved one. Application features that have to do with the cyber bulling are also presented briefly. </em></p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 on Saudi Arabian Female Students: An Application of the CES-D Depression Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Siddiqua Aamir ◽  
Carmen Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Private University ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) is a new beta coronavirus that was identified as the trigger of COVID-19 disease in early 2020. Our study designed to survey the female undergraduate students at a private university in Saudi Arabia to assess the degree of psychological impact during the initial stages of the lockdown. During the first weeks of the outbreak in Saudi Arabia and the government-initiated lockdown, we conducted an online survey with 400 female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. The psychological impact was assessed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Our study shows that over the four weeks students showed clearly a change in the overall mental health and mood of our students.   Received: 24 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

scholarly journals Is the Implicit Association Test for Aggressive Attitudes a Measure for Attraction to Violence or Traumatization?

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Bluemke ◽  
Anselm Crombach ◽  
Tobias Hecker ◽  
Inga Schalinski ◽  
Thomas Elbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Attitudes Toward Violence ◽  
Coping With Trauma ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Traumatic exposure is particularly devastating for those who, at a young age, have become combatants or experienced massive adversity after abduction by armed movements. We investigated the impact of traumatic stressors on psychopathology among war-affected young men of Northern Uganda, including former child soldiers. Adaptation to violent environments and coping with trauma-related symptoms often result in an increasing appetite for violence. We analyze implicit attitudes toward violence, assessed by an Implicit Association Test (IAT), among 64 male participants. Implicit attitudes varied as a function of the number of experienced traumatic event types and committed offense types. As the number of traumatic experiences and violence exposure increased, more appetitive aggression was reported, whereas the IAT indicated increasingly negative implicit attitudes toward aggression. The IAT was also the strongest predictor of cortisol levels. Diffusion-model analysis was the best way to demonstrate IAT validity. Implicit measures revealed the trauma-related changes of cognitive structures.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Confinement and Its Relationship with Meditation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óliver Jiménez ◽  
Laura C. Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
José M. García-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering any protective factors, such as the practice of meditation or self-compassion, and their relationship with different lifestyles and circumstances of adults residing in Spain. A cross-sectional study was done using an anonymous online survey in which 412 participants filled out the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-2; the Impact of Events Scale; and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, reporting severe symptomatology of posttraumatic stress and mild anxiety and depression. Quality of cohabitation and age were found to be key variables in the psychological impact of confinement. The impact of confinement was more negative for those who reported very poor cohabitation as opposed to very good (F (3, 405) = 30.75, p ≤ 0.001, d = 2.44, r = 0.054) or for those under 35 years of age compared to those over 46 (F (2, 409) = 5.14, p = 0.006, d = 0.36). Practicing meditation was not revealed as a protective factor, but self-compassion was related to better cohabitation during confinement (F (3, 403) = 11.83, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.05). These results could be relevant in designing psychological interventions to improve coping and mental health in other situations similar to confinement.

Creating Trauma-Informed Schools

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen A. Dombo ◽  
Christine Anlauf Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
School Social Workers ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
The Impact

Creating Trauma-Informed Schools: A Guide for School Social Workers and Educators provides concrete skills and current knowledge about trauma-informed services in school settings. Children at all educational levels, from Early Head Start settings through high school, are vulnerable to abuse, neglect, bullying, violence in their homes and neighborhoods, and other traumatic experiences. Research shows that upward of 70% of children in schools report experiencing at least one traumatic event before age 16. The correlation between high rates of trauma exposure and poor academic performance has been established in the scholarly literature, as has the need for trauma-informed schools and communities. School social workers are on the front lines of service delivery through their work with children who face social and emotional struggles in the pursuit of education. They are in a prime position for preventing and addressing trauma, but there are scant resources for social workers to assist in the creation of trauma-informed schools. This book will provide an overview of the impact of trauma on children and adolescents, as well as interventions for direct practice and collaboration with teachers, families, and communities. Readers of this book will discover valuable resources and distinct examples of how to implement the ten principles of trauma-informed services in their schools to provide trauma-informed care to students grounded in the principles of safety, connection, and emotional regulation. They will also gain beneficial skills for self-care in their work.

scholarly journals The impact of childhood trauma on the emergence and development of dissociative disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-200
Author(s):  
Jana Schmidtová ◽  
◽  
Petr Štěpánek ◽  
Ivo Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Mental Experience ◽  
The Impact

Dissociative experiences are common both in children and adults. Their frequency and severity range from normal dissociation to pathological fragmentation of identity. High rates of dissociation and Dissociative Disorders have been documented in both community and clinical samples. Trauma, especially chronic trauma, plays an essential role in the development and long-term presence of dissociative symptoms. During overwhelming and often traumatic experiences dissociation protects the individual by psychological detachment from the unbearable reality. Chronic dissociative experiences might cause severe disintegration of the individual’s mental experience. The Trauma Model suggests that dissociation is a psychobiological response which enables survival during and after the traumatic event. The Developmental Model is based on an assumption that disturbed attachment, especially early interpersonal trauma, might lead to the development of severe dissociation in children and adolescents, often lasting into adulthood. Diagnostic systems include three diagnoses that deal with the specific relationship between trauma and dissociation. Two of these diagnoses have been recognized recently - Complex PTSD (ICD-11) and the Dissociative Subtype of PTSD (DSM-5); one has already been established - the Dissociative Identity Disorder. Patients with Dissociative Disorders suffer from a range of symptoms. The most severe symptoms include chronic suicidal ideation and frequent suicide attempts. Therefore, researchers and clinicians should routinely assess dissociation in their everyday practice. In patients with Dissociative Disorders, the main treatment goal is the integration of their mental experience.

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