scholarly journals A New Era for Mild Strain Cross-Protection

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Pechinger ◽  
Kar Mun Chooi ◽  
Robin M. MacDiarmid ◽  
Scott J. Harper ◽  
Heiko Ziebell
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
New Era ◽  
Severe Strain ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Societal and environmental pressures demand high-quality and resilient cropping plants and plant-based foods grown with the use of low or no synthetic chemical inputs. Mild strain cross-protection (MSCP), the pre-immunization of a plant using a mild strain of a virus to protect against subsequent infection by a severe strain of the virus, fits with future-proofing of production systems. New examples of MSCP use have occurred recently. New technologies are converging to support the discovery and mechanism(s) of action of MSCP strains thereby accelerating the popularity of their use.

scholarly journals Cross Protection by Strains of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and a New Theory to Explain It

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Best
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Severe Strain ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Wilt Virus

A study of interference between strains of tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato plants has revealed that the mUd strain C1 protects plants against the severe strain A whether this is inoculated before or after systemic symptoms of the mild strain appear (10 and 20 days respectively).

scholarly journals Effect of mild strain on severity of PRSV-W infection

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
MF Rahman ◽  
MA Akanda ◽  
MZA Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Severe Strain ◽  
Time Gap

Studies were conducted to develop mild/avirulent strain of PRSV-W using nitrous acid, sodium azide and UV-radiation for the mutagenic treatments. Among the three mutagens’ sodium azide at 3%, 4%, and 5%, and nitrous acid at 0.1M and 0.125M were proved to be effective in producing mild/avirulent strains of PRSV-W, while UV-radiation was proved to be ineffective. Evaluation on the effectivity of mild/avirulent strains in net house in protecting severe strain of PRSV-W proved that the efficiency of mild/avirulent strain to protect the severe strain of the virus was dependent upon the time gap between the mild strain inoculation and challenge inoculation. The challenge inoculation with the severe strain of PRSV-W after 12 days of mild strain inoculation could confer the cross-protection in about 64% pumpkin plants upto 40 days. The presence of mild/avirulent strains of PRSV-W in the asymptomatic plants challenged with severe strain of PRSV-W was tested by mechanical inoculation of Chenopodium amaranticolor to observe the development of characteristic local lesions of PRSV-W. Keywords: PRSV; cross protection. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5891Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 279-285, June 2010

Emerging Industrial Revolution: Symbiosis of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: The Role of Universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Alfred Ngowi ◽  
Henk De Jager ◽  
Bankole O. Awuzie
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Jobs

Growing consumerism and population worldwide raises concerns about society’s sustainability aspirations. This has led to calls for concerted efforts to shift from the linear economy to a circular economy (CE), which are gaining momentum globally. CE approaches lead to a zero-waste scenario of economic growth and sustainable development. These approaches are based on semi-scientific and empirical concepts with technologies enabling 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 6Rs (reuse, recycle, redesign, remanufacture, reduce, recover). Studies estimate that the transition to a CE would save the world in excess of a trillion dollars annually while creating new jobs, business opportunities and economic growth. The emerging industrial revolution will enhance the symbiotic pursuit of new technologies and CE to transform extant production systems and business models for sustainability. This article examines the trends, availability and readiness of fourth industrial revolution (4IR or industry 4.0) technologies (for example, Internet of Things [IoT], artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology) to support and promote CE transitions within the higher education institutional context. Furthermore, it elucidates the role of universities as living laboratories for experimenting the utility of industry 4.0 technologies in driving the shift towards CE futures. The article concludes that universities should play a pivotal role in engendering CE transitions.

scholarly journals From automobile capitalism to platform capitalism: Toyotism as a prehistory of digital platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 017084062110306
Author(s):  
Marc Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
New Era ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Digital Artefact ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the automotive lineage and manufacturing origins of platforms. Challenging prevailing assumptions that the platform is a digital artefact, and platform capitalism a new era, this article traces crucial elements of platform capitalism to Toyotist automobile manufacture in order to rethink the relationship between technology and organization. Arguing that the very terminology and industry applications of the ‘platform’ emerge from the automobile industry over the course of the 20th century, this article cautions against the uncritical adoption of epochal paradigms, or assumptions that new technologies require new organizational forms. By parsing the platform into two types, the stack and the intermediary, this article demonstrates how the platform concept and data-driven production practice both develop out of the Toyota Production System in particular, and American and Japanese analyses of it. Toyotism, we show, is the unseen industrial and epistemological background against which the platform economy plays out. In making this case, this article highlights the crucial continuities between the data intensive production of companies like Uber and Amazon – emblematic of digital platform capitalism – and the organizational paradigms of the automobile industry. At a moment when the automobile returns to prominence amidst platforms such as Uber, Didi Chuxing, or Waymo, and as we find tech companies turning to automobile manufacturing, this automotive lineage of the platform offers a crucial reminder of the automotive origins of what we now call platform capitalism.

The Ethics of Mobile Health Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
S. Galderisi ◽  
F. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Health Technologies

IntroductionMobile health (m-health) technology has been growing rapidly in the last decades. The use of this technology represents an advantage, especially for reaching patients who otherwise would have no access to healthcare. However, many ethical issues arise from the use of m-health. Health equity, privacy policies, adequate informed consent and a competent, safe and high quality healthcare need to be guaranteed; professional standards and quality of doctor-patient relationship in the digital setting should not be lower than those set for in-person practice.AimsTo assess advantages and threats that may arise from the wide use of m-health technologies, in order to guarantee the application of the best medical practices, resulting in the highest quality healthcare.MethodsA literature search has been conducted to highlight the most pressing ethical issues emerging from the spreading of m-health technologies.ResultsFew ethical guidelines on the appropriate use of m-health have been developed to help clinicians adopt a professional conduct within digital settings. They focus on the need for professional associations to define ethical guidelines and for physicians to take care of their education and online behavior when using m-health technologies.ConclusionsThe rapid spreading of m-health technologies urges us to evaluate all ethical issues related to its use. It would be advisable to produce an ethical code for the use of these new technologies, to guarantee health equity, privacy protection, high quality doctor-patient relationships and to ensure that m-health is not chosen over traditional care for merely economic purposes.Disclosure of interestSG received honoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter. All other authors have declared.

The Japanese National Large Telescope

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomakazu Kogure ◽  
Keiichi Kodaira
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Large Telescope ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Active Mirror

AbstractThe Japanese National Large Telescope is an 8-metre class optical-infrared reflector with a monolithic thin meniscus mirror, to be constructed at the Mauna Kea summit, Hawaii. The JNLT will be characterised by high quality performance in the optical and infrared regions, achieved by adopting new technologies such as active mirror support, fast optics and a thermally controlled dome. In particular, high infrared qualities are regarded as the most important characteristics among various design goals.The JNLT project is now close to the final study phase before construction. This paper reviews the scientific motivations and the special technical features of the JNLT. Finally, the promotion of international collaboration around the JNLT is emphasised.

Generation of mild recombinants of papaya ringspot virus to minimize the problem of strain-specific cross protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Thu-Yen Tran ◽  
Tzu-Tung Lin ◽  
Chung-Ping Chang ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
Van-Hoa Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
Geographic Regions

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) causes severe damage to papaya (Carica papaya L.) and is the primary limiting factor for papaya production worldwide. A nitrous acid-induced mild strain PRSV HA 5-1, derived from Hawaii strain HA, has been applied to control PRSV by cross protection for decades. However, the problem of strain-specific protection hampers its application in Taiwan and other geographic regions outside Hawaii. Here, sequence comparison of the genomic sequence of HA 5-1 with that of HA revealed 69 nucleotide changes, resulting in 31 aa changes in which 16 aa are structurally different. The multiple mutations of HA 5-1 are considered resulting from nitrous-acid induction since 86% of nucleotide changes are transition mutations. The stable HA 5-1 was used as a backbone to generate recombinants carrying individual 3’ fragments of Vietnam severe strain TG5, including NIa, NIb, and CP3’ regions, individually or in combination. Our results indicated that the best heterologous fragment for the recombinant is the region of CP3’, with which symptom attenuation of the recombinant is like that of HA 5-1. This mild recombinant HA51/TG5-CP3’ retained high levels of protection against the homologous HA in papaya plants and significantly increased the protection against the heterologous TG-5. Similarly, HA 5-1 recombinants carrying individual CP3’ fragments from Thailand SMK, Taiwan YK, and Vietnam ST2 severe strains also significantly increase the protection against the corresponding heterologous strains in papaya plants. Thus, our recombinant approach for mild strain generation is a fast and effective way to minimize the problem of strain-specific protection.

Image stabilization technology for active bridge-vessel anti-collision monitoring system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhufeng Shao ◽  
Haiying Ma ◽  
Ye Xia ◽  
Junjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Collision System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Image Stabilization ◽  
Site Monitoring ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sea Area

<p>In recent years, the active anti-collision system using new technologies such as image target recognition between ship and bridge becomes a new research hotspot. Due to camera jitter, it is not easy to deeply mine the monitoring image data. This paper puts forward an anti-jitter algorithm to obtain the ship monitoring track in the sea area removing the camera jitter. It uses electronic image stabilization, sea-sky line anti jitter filtering, and other methods to process the on-site monitoring video, then compares the effect of each technique, and finally obtains high-quality ship tracking data. Through this method, a high-quality ship monitoring track in the bridge area can be obtained.</p>

scholarly journals Seed conditioning of red oak: a recalcitrant North American seed

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Struve
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Conditioning

A ten day aerated water soak was developed as a seed conditioning treatment for red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Conditioned seeds had higher germination completeness, uniformity and speed compared to control seeds. Seeds could be conditioned under a wide range of temperatures and durations. Conditioned seeds were maintained at 7(0)C for 30 days without loss of seed quality. During conditioning, pericarps split in response to seed hydration. Split pericarps could be used as a pre-sowing indicator for high quality seeds. Seed conditioning was ineffective on dormant seeds. Increased crop uniformity and higher stand establishment can be realized by subjecting red oak acorns to an aerated water soak treatment followed by selecting seeds with split pericarps. These results are especially important in container production systems where limited numbers of value seeds are available.

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