scholarly journals Discovery of Surfactant-Like Peptides from a Phage-Displayed Peptide Library

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Toshiki Sawada ◽  
Rina Oyama ◽  
Michihiro Tanaka ◽  
Takeshi Serizawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Peptide Library ◽  
Phage Clone ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Functional Peptides ◽  
Phage Displayed Peptide Library

Peptides with specific affinities for various materials have been identified in the past three decades and utilized in materials science and engineering. A peptide’s capability to specifically interact with materials is not naturally derived but screened from a biologically constructed peptide library displayed on phages or cells. To date, due to limitations in the screening procedure, the function of screened peptides has been primarily limited to the affinity for target materials. Herein, we demonstrated the screening of surfactant-like peptides from a phage-displayed peptide library. A screened phage clone displaying a peptide showed high activity for accumulating at emulsion surfaces with certain assembled structures, resulting in stable emulsions. The surface tension for the solution of the chemically synthesized peptide decreased with increasing peptide concentration, demonstrating certain surface activity, which corresponded to the ability to decrease the surface tension of liquids (e.g., water), owing to the accumulation of molecules at the air–liquid or liquid–liquid interface. Peptides with a randomized sequence did not lower the surface tension, indicating the essential role of amino acid sequences in surface activity. Our strategy for identifying novel functional peptides from a phage-displayed peptide library can be used to expand the applicability of peptidyl materials and biosurfactants.

Report of the Committee to Survey Needs and Opportunities for the Biomaterials Industry

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Barenberg
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Industrial Needs

The Biomaterials Industry Subpanel was chartered by the National Research Council (on behalf of the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering) to address the needs and opportunities in materials science and engineering as perceived by the biomaterials industry. This report represents an initial overview and should not be considered definitive.The Committee examined the short-term, intermediate, and long-term needs of the industry and how external factors such as regulations, lack of standards, and international competition influenced the industry. The industry is heterogeneous and was subsequently defined by the following market segments: artificial organs, biosensors, biotechnology, cardiovascular/blood products, drug delivery, equipment/devices, maxillofacial, ophthalmology, orthopedics, packaging, and wound management.Each of these market segments then addressed the:Role of materials in the industry,Current materials and material needs,Material opportunities and impact,Industrial needs/issues,International competition/foreign initiatives, andRole of the U.S. government.

The Universal Instability of the Separation Boundary Between a Non-Hydrostatically Stressed Elastic Crystal and its Melt

1991 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Grinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Instability Mechanism ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Separation Boundary ◽  
Crystalline Films ◽  
Neutral Equilibrium

ABSTRACTIn the absence of surface tension and external force fields, the equilibrium between a hydrostatically stressed crystal and its melt is neutral with respect to the perturbations associated with particle transfer from one region of the boundary into another. However, under the action of arbitrary small nonhydrostatic components of the stress field in the elastic crystal, the neutral equilibrium is transformed to an unstable equilibrium [1]. This instability is very general in nature; for example, for it to be seen the liquid media need only to be able to dissolve the solid phase or in some way to assist the transport of particles along the crystal's surface. In contrast, the surface tension, roughly speaking, stabilizes the shape of the interphase boundary but it cannot suppress the instability generated by the nonhydrostatic components of the stress field in the region of sufficiently long perturbations. Until now the basic instability mechanism discussed here seems to have escaped the attention of theorists. This mechanism allows one to look in a completely new way at a broad range of phenomena. We discuss tentative manifestations and role of this instability in low temperature physics, in materials science, in theory of crystal growth, and, in particular, in theory of epitaxy and of the Stranski-Krastanow pattern of growth of thin crystalline films.

Nanomaterial: A Sustainable Way to Fight against COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish K. Maldhure
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Almost All

Abstract:: Nanotechnology is multidisciplinary science which deals with physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering sciences. The applications of Nanotechnology cover almost all the branches of science and technology. In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus becomes caused to infection of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) becomes challenge to Hospitals and laboratories, due to the large number samples comes for testing the presence of the causative pathogen. Many Scientist and researchers are devotedly working on to find out rapid immunodiagnostic methods to find positive cases. Nano based drugs offer a new therapeutic scheme against the wide range of bacterial pathogens. In this review article, I try to focus on the role of nanomaterial fighting against COVID-19.

The Role of Digital Libraries in Teaching Materials Science and Engineering

2017 ◽  
pp. 1420-1441
Author(s):  
Arlindo Silva ◽  
Virginia Infante
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Nowadays, the number of commercially available materials is growing steadily. Technical information on materials resides in digital libraries that complement classical Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) textbooks. Information on materials in the form of databases of material properties can elaborate on the science and engineering fundamentals explained in textbooks with real data about current materials. Hence digital libraries can become a learning tool to support teaching of science and engineering fundamentals. This chapter described two courses offered for the Mechanical Engineering degree at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, namely Materials Science and Materials in Engineering. The Materials Science course uses the traditional textbooks and a bottom-up approach. In the Materials in Engineering course, the CES EduPack database was introduced to support a design-led approach. This chapter showed that the teaching of Materials Science with databases should be encouraged and described a successful experience with teaching Materials in Engineering using digital libraries.

Organic Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Crucial Part

AbstractThe following article is based on the presentation given by George M. Whitesides, recipient of the 2000 MRS Von Hippel Award, the Materials Research Society's highest honor, at the 2000 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston on November 29, 2000. Whitesides was cited for “bringing fundamental concepts of organic chemistry and biology into materials science and engineering, through his pioneering research on surface modification, self-assembly, and soft lithography.” The article focuses on the growing role of organic chemistry in materials science. Historically, that role has been to provide organic polymers for use in structures, films, fibers, coatings, and so on. Organic chemistry is now emerging as a crucial part of three new areas in materials science. First, it provides materials with complex functionality. Second, it is the bridge between materials science and biology/medicine. Building an interface between biological systems and electronic or optical systems requires close attention to the molecular level of that interface. Third, organic chemistry provides a sophisticated synthetic entry into nanomaterials. Organic molecules are, in fact, exquisitely fabricated nanostructures, assembled with precision on the level of individual atoms. Colloids are a related set of nanostructures, and organic chemistry contributes importantly to their preparation as well.

The Role of Digital Libraries in Teaching Materials Science and Engineering

2015 ◽  
pp. 190-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlindo Silva ◽  
Virginia Infante
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Nowadays, the number of commercially available materials is growing steadily. Technical information on materials resides in digital libraries that complement classical Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) textbooks. Information on materials in the form of databases of material properties can elaborate on the science and engineering fundamentals explained in textbooks with real data about current materials. Hence digital libraries can become a learning tool to support teaching of science and engineering fundamentals. This chapter described two courses offered for the Mechanical Engineering degree at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, namely Materials Science and Materials in Engineering. The Materials Science course uses the traditional textbooks and a bottom-up approach. In the Materials in Engineering course, the CES EduPack database was introduced to support a design-led approach. This chapter showed that the teaching of Materials Science with databases should be encouraged and described a successful experience with teaching Materials in Engineering using digital libraries.

Advances in the Creation of Filled Nanotubes and Novel Nanowires

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Terrones ◽  
N. Grobert ◽  
W.K. Hsu ◽  
Y.Q. Zhu ◽  
W.B. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Multiwalled Nanotubes ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Soon after the identification of carbon nanotubes, produced by arc-discharge techniques, the possibility of introducing metals into the inner core of the tubes was considered (Figure 1). This idea followed logically from the successful observation of fullerenes containing endohedral metals. The introduction of metals or metal carbides and oxides into multiwalled nanotubes [usually 2–70 nm outside diameter (OD), <60 microns in length] may significantly alter their conducting, electronic, and mechanical properties, arising from the internal framework within these structures. Early theoretical work predicted that all carbon open nanotubes could behave as “molecular straws.” In this context, Ajayan and lijima were the first to introduce Pb by heating the metal with open-ended nanotubes (sometimes in the presence of oxygen). Capillarity, wetting, and surface tension play an important role in the process; other elements such as Bi, Cs, S, and Se were also introduced into nanotubes in this way. Generally, the filling of open nanotubes by capillary action is confined to low surface-tension substances. Alternative methods of encapsulating other materials within nanotubes have now been developed, including chemical treatment, arc discharge, catalyzed hydrocarbon pyrolysis, and electrochemical techniques. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be used as reactive templates to generate novel metal carbide and nitride nanorods. These developments represent only the tip of the iceberg, because numerous noncarbon materials (e.g., Si, SiOx, SiC, MoS2, WS2, etc.) are able to form novel nanowires and fullerene-like morphologies. This review discusses methods for generating these fascinating structures and evaluates their possible applications in materials science and engineering.

The Role of Surface Phenomena in Modified Cement Dispersions at Studying Poly-Functional Modifiers' Mechanism of Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 1038-1043
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Kosukhin ◽  
Andrei M. Kosukhin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Disperse Phase ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Molecular Weights

The research findings of colloid and chemical properties of poly-functional modifiers (PFM) with various chemical compositions and qualitative and quantitative proportions of polar organic substances with various molecular weights have been presented. The possibility of regulating the properties of PFM and concrete mixes, modified by them by means of not only changing the chemical composition of modifiers, but combining the types and quantity of active admixtures of polar organic substances with various molecular weights has been shown. It has been demonstrated that the modifiers under study possess the surface activity at solid-solution phase boundary, reducing the surface tension σsolid-liquid (σs-l) At the same time the surface tension at the solution-air phase boundary can remain the same or reduce to a certain extent depending on the modifier’s chemical composition. PFM and superplasticizer (SP) SB-3, which have, unlike SP S-3, the certain surface activity at solid-solution boundary, increase the air entrainment into concrete mix by 0.5÷1.5%, additionally increasing the freeze-thaw resistance of concretes of both fluid and equal-workable compositions without affecting their strength. The adsorption of modifiers on the disperse phase of suspension is conditioned by dispersion forces and, independently of its kind, is of monomolecular nature. For the localization of PFM molecules on the surface of a particle, its molecule should have a system of bonded aromatic rings or conjugated double bonds. The adsorbed modifier’s molecules should make the disperse phase surface hydrophilic and for this purpose they should contain hydrophilic groups along the full length. All this predetermines the role of adsorption-solvation factor in modifiers’ mechanism of action.

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