scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Widespread Zika Transmission across the Philippines

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Biggs ◽  
Ava Kristy Sy ◽  
Oliver J. Brady ◽  
Adam J. Kucharski ◽  
Sebastian Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Infection Risk Factors

Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure across flavivirus-endemic countries, including the Philippines, remains largely unknown despite sporadic case reporting and environmental suitability for transmission. Using laboratory surveillance data from 2016, 997 serum samples were randomly selected from suspected dengue (DENV) case reports across the Philippines and assayed for serological markers of short-term (IgM) and long-term (IgG) ZIKV exposure. Using mixture models, we re-evaluated ZIKV IgM/G seroprevalence thresholds and used catalytic models to quantify the force of infection (attack rate, AR) from age-accumulated ZIKV exposure. While we observed extensive ZIKV/DENV IgG cross-reactivity, not all individuals with active DENV presented with elevated ZIKV IgG, and a proportion of dengue-negative cases (DENV IgG-) were ZIKV IgG-positive (14.3%, 9/63). We identified evidence of long-term, yet not short-term, ZIKV exposure across Philippine regions (ZIKV IgG+: 31.5%, 314/997) which was geographically uncorrelated with DENV exposure. In contrast to the DENV AR (12.7% (95%CI: 9.1–17.4%)), the ZIKV AR was lower (5.7% (95%CI: 3–11%)) across the country. Our results provide evidence of widespread ZIKV exposure across the Philippines and suggest the need for studies to identify ZIKV infection risk factors over time to better prepare for potential future outbreaks.

Galeazzi-equivalent Fractures: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-235
Author(s):  
Seigo Suganuma ◽  
Kaoru Tada ◽  
Daiki Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Surgery ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rare Injury ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Epiphyseal Injury

The Galeazzi-equivalent fracture is a rare injury that occurs in children. The most important issue is the distal ulnar epiphyseal injury. Although there have been some case reports, most of them performed only short term follow-up. This article describes two cases of this fracture with long term follow-up until epiphyseal closure. First case is a 12-year-old girl who sustained a Galeazziequivalent fracture of her right forearm and underwent emergency surgery. At follow-up of 5 years and 10 months postsurgery, radiographs show ulnar growth arrest of one mm and she has mild pain. Second case is a 15-year-old boy who sustained an open Galeazzi-equivalent fracture of his left forearm and underwent emergency surgery. At follow-up of 3 years and 3 months postsurgery, radiographs show no growth arrest of the distal ulna. He has no residual complaint. Long term follow-up is absolutely necessary to monitor ulnar growth.

scholarly journals Estimating the annual dengue force of infection from the age of reporting primary infections across urban centres in endemic countries

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Biggs ◽  
Ava Kristy Sy ◽  
Katharine Sherratt ◽  
Oliver J. Brady ◽  
Adam J. Kucharski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Stratifying dengue risk within endemic countries is crucial for allocating limited control interventions. Current methods of monitoring dengue transmission intensity rely on potentially inaccurate incidence estimates. We investigated whether incidence or alternate metrics obtained from standard, or laboratory, surveillance operations represent accurate surrogate indicators of the burden of dengue and can be used to monitor the force of infection (FOI) across urban centres. Methods Among those who reported and resided in 13 cities across the Philippines, we collected epidemiological data from all dengue case reports between 2014 and 2017 (N 80,043) and additional laboratory data from a cross-section of sampled case reports (N 11,906) between 2014 and 2018. At the city level, we estimated the aggregated annual FOI from age-accumulated IgG among the non-dengue reporting population using catalytic modelling. We compared city-aggregated FOI estimates to aggregated incidence and the mean age of clinically and laboratory diagnosed dengue cases using Pearson’s Correlation coefficient and generated predicted FOI estimates using regression modelling. Results We observed spatial heterogeneity in the dengue average annual FOI across sampled cities, ranging from 0.054 [0.036–0.081] to 0.249 [0.223–0.279]. Compared to FOI estimates, the mean age of primary dengue infections had the strongest association (ρ −0.848, p value<0.001) followed by the mean age of those reporting with warning signs (ρ −0.642, p value 0.018). Using regression modelling, we estimated the predicted annual dengue FOI across urban centres from the age of those reporting with primary infections and revealed prominent spatio-temporal heterogeneity in transmission intensity. Conclusions We show the mean age of those reporting with their first dengue infection or those reporting with warning signs of dengue represent superior indicators of the dengue FOI compared to crude incidence across urban centres. Our work provides a framework for national dengue surveillance to routinely monitor transmission and target control interventions to populations most in need.

scholarly journals Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome with Long-Term Follow-Up: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hideaki Nakajima ◽  
Hiroshi Nouso ◽  
Naoto Urushihara ◽  
Koji Fukumoto ◽  
Masaya Yamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Body Organ

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare disease in which venous malformations (VMs) involve any body organ, most commonly the skin and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Treatment of BRBNS aims at preserving the GI tract as much as possible. Although there are several dozen case reports about BRBNS that describe short-term clinical courses, a few provide an account of long-term clinical course. Here, we report a case of BRBNS in a girl that required multiple abdominal surgeries due to the GI VMs and a recurrence at an interval of 14 years. The preferred approach for gastrointestinal VMs involves the complete resection of all lesions without residual VMs. It is important to bear in mind the possibility of delayed recurrence of GI VMs after surgical or endoscopic treatment.

Combined use of clozapine and ECT: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
Nandita Hazari ◽  
Natasha Kate
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Side Effect Profile ◽  
Augmentation Therapy ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Combined Use

ObjectiveThis paper aims to review the available evidence for the use of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in combination.MethodologyElectronic searches were carried out to identify reports describing the combined use of clozapine and ECT.ResultsForty reports including 208 patients were identified. The majority of reports were in the form of case reports and case series, with few retrospective and open-label studies. The majority of patients were aged between 18 and 65 years and diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Most of the patients refractory to clozapine were started on ECT as an augmentation therapy; however, in some reports, both ECT and clozapine were started concurrently, and in few cases clozapine was started after ECT. In terms of effectiveness, 37.5–100% patients improved in short-term, and sustained long-term improvement (3 weeks to 24 months) was described in few studies. In terms of the side-effect profile, five patients each had delirium and tachycardia and only four patients were described to have prolonged seizures. Overall, the combination was considered effective and safe.ConclusionThere is evidence for the effectiveness and safety of the clozapine–ECT combination and it should be used in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia who do not respond to clozapine.

Variance Reduction in Analytical Processes in the Clinical Laboratory by Digital Filtering

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T P Jansen ◽  
P J M Bonants
Keyword(s):  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Digital Filtering ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Filtering Procedure

A model is postulated describing the fluctuations in analytical chemical processes in the clinical laboratory. In this model the process variations are described by a non-stationary stochastic process with a significant time-varying mean value. Experiments demonstrate a short-term variance within a run and a long-term variance between runs determined by the time-varying mean value. For four different analytical systems used for determining six serum analytes between-run variance was demonstrated to be significantly greater than within-run variance. Based on the model a digital filtering procedure is presented which in each run estimates the process mean and subsequently corrects serum samples for its deviation. Thus significant variance reductions are obtained. The filtering procedure was tested for the determination in inorganic phosphate with a continuous-flow system in an experimental environment.

scholarly journals Electronic cigarettes and lung toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Rodrigues ◽  
Eric Deal ◽  
Kenneth Nugent ◽  
J. Drew Payne
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lipoid Pneumonia ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonarydisease

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in the United States has steadily increasedsince their introduction into the market in 2007. These devices deliver nicotine through thevaporization of a liquid which contains a vehicle (propylene glycol or glycerin), artificialflavoring, and nicotine. The combustion of these liquids creates a vapor containing particulates,multiple chemicals, and nicotine. The long-term safety of these products is unknown. Studiesin healthy, non-smoking volunteers and smokers with no clinical pulmonary disease havedemonstrated that the inhalation of e-cigarette vapor has minimal short-term effects onpulmonary function. The exposure of cell cultures to e-cigarette liquid or aerosols has beenshown to reduce cell viability, induce cytokine production, and cause oxidative stress. Theexposure of animals (mice and rats) to e-cigarette aerosols induces inflammatory responsesin the lungs and delays the clearance of bacterial and viral challenges. There are a smallnumber of case reports of patients developing acute pulmonary toxicity following the use ofe-cigarettes. Two patients have developed lipoid pneumonia following the use of e-cigarettesfor 3 and 7 months. Finally, several studies suggest that patients with chronic lung diseasewho switch from tobacco cigarettes to e-cigarettes can have improvement in lung function(asthmatics) and a reduction in the number of exacerbations (chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease). Clearly, the public and the medical profession need more information about thelong-term complications associated with the use of e-cigarettes and their benefit in smokingcessation efforts.Keywords: electronic

scholarly journals Health Risks in Natural Disasters: Four Case Studies in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Exaltacion E. Lamberte ◽  
Feorillo Petronillo A. Demeterio III ◽  
Wilfred Luis L. Clamor
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Face

The Philippines is prone to a variety of natural calamities. Consequently, the community's health is impacted by many extreme events. This study investigates stakeholders' knowledge and preparedness in the face of major natural events and disasters, health impacts of disasters in the community, and different sectors' response amid extreme events, explicitly flooding, earthquakes, super typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. Data was gathered from four locations through interviews and focus group discussions, and available literature and situation reports. According to the narratives, residents' and local government units' awareness of an impending catastrophic event and disaster preparations are critical. Moreover, community members experienced various immediate, short-term, and long-term health impacts due to various disasters. Therefore, the lessons in this study should be used to improve its preparations, strategies, and protocols.

P–764 Risks of oocyte donation for third-party donors: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tassot ◽  
A D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oocyte Donation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oocyte Donor ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Oocyte Donors ◽  
Psychological Risks

Abstract Study question What are the risks of oocyte donation? Which risks should be prioritised in policies aiming to improve the protection of third-party oocyte donors? Summary answer The risks for third-party oocyte donors are of a diverse nature, including physical risks, psychological risks, iatrogenic risks, and social risks. What is known already Oocyte donation involves ovarian stimulation and oocyte pick-up, which represent burdensome procedures for the donor. In a recent evaluation of the EU legislation on blood, tissue and cells, the European Commission highlighted that oocyte donors are currently not adequately protected. For effective oocyte donor protection measures to be developed and implemented, it is important to understand the risks that oocyte donors are exposed to. To date, there is no comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge on the physical and psychosocial risks of oocyte donation. Study design, size, duration A systematic literature review of the publications on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Notify Library was carried out. The search was conducted in May 2020. All empirical studies, including case reports, that reported or investigated negative experiences of oocyte donors and/or negative consequences of the donation on the donors’ physical health, mental health, or other aspects of their lives were included. No restriction was made with regard to the year of publication. Participants/materials, setting, methods In total, 88 empirical studies conducted in oocyte donors were reviewed. All reported information on oocyte donor risks was extracted and summarised. The identified risks were clustered into categories according to common themes and analysed with regard to their frequency of occurrence, severity, and imputability to the donation. A prioritisation of risks was carried out based on these three criteria, classifying each risk as a “priority risk” or a “non-priority risk”. Main results and the role of chance Nineteen priority risks were identified across the following six categories: short-term physical risks, long-term physical risks, short-term psychological risks, long-term psychological risks, iatrogenic risks, and social risks. The most frequently reported priority risks were moderate to severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) and having lasting worries or concerns about the donation. While the findings confirmed the relevance of certain immediate physical risks for oocyte donors, no cases of death or permanent physical damage as a direct consequence of the donation could be detected. The results showed that donating oocytes can profoundly impact the donors’ psychological well-being in the short-term and in the long-term. Furthermore, the donation can have a strong effect on the donor’s social and family life, for instance, through the risk of unintended pregnancy. Moreover, it was found that oocyte donors are at risk of experiencing mistreatment or inadequate care during the donation procedure. Most studies included in the review reported on short-term risks of the donation. There is a high degree of uncertainty about the long-term health effects of oocyte donation. Due to the scarcity of large observational studies, the conclusions are mostly based on small studies and case reports, which limits the strength of any conclusion. Limitations, reasons for caution The literature search was limited to common databases for published data. Grey literature was not searched. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the relevant publications, it is possible that the search strategy was not able to detect all eligible articles. Wider implications of the findings: The findings emphasise the importance of implementing effective donor protection policies that address not only the physical, but also the psychological, social, and iatrogenic risks of oocyte donation. Moreover, the findings call for a systematic follow-up of oocyte donors to gain insight into the long-term consequences of the donation. Trial registration number Not applicable

Long-term studies of Serum Concentrations of reproductively related Steriod Hormones in individual captive Carcharhinids

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEL Rasmussen ◽  
FL Murru
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Carcharhinus Plumbeus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Negaprion Brevirostris ◽  
Serial Serum ◽  
Long Term Studies

Valuable information on maturity and reproductive status can be obtained by the measurement of the concentrations of steroid hormones in the serum of captive carcharhinid sharks. The sharks at Sea World of Florida, Orlando, Florida, include mature females of several species of placental sharks. Serial serum samples from four mature female Carcharhinus plumbeus, one maturing female C. leucas, and one mature and one nearly mature female Negaprion brevirostris were used to determine serum concentrations of 17�-oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. The data from these mature placental sharks were then compared with concentrations measured in immature female and male conspecifics and in mature female Eugomphodus taurus (family Odontaspididae). Evidence of repetitive cyclical patterns was obtained from a mature female N. brevirostris. This shark was monitored from June 1988 to July 1990 by means of more than 50 samples that were often obtained at weekly intervals. Concentrations of 17�-oestradiol in the serum of this shark varied in a cyclical fashion, with the highest values obtained in Year 1 (1988-89) being during April (the normal mating season) and those in Year 2 (1989-90) being during June. Concomitant elevations of testosterone concentrations were observed either simultaneously or immediately before or after maximal oestradiol concentrations were noted. Progesterone concentrations were low except for definitive spikes that immediately preceded the maximal concentrations of testosterone and 17�-oestradiol. These periodicities suggest, for placental sharks, that consistently rising oestradiol concentrations may set in motion preovulatory events, that testosterone may be important for the initiation of subsequent ovulatory events, and that transitory elevations of progesterone concentrations may have specific short-term roles. These cyclical changes in the concentrations of steroid hormones observed in captive elasmobranchs support observations of hormone concentrations during reproduction in wild carcharhinids.

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