scholarly journals Health Risks in Natural Disasters: Four Case Studies in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Exaltacion E. Lamberte ◽  
Feorillo Petronillo A. Demeterio III ◽  
Wilfred Luis L. Clamor
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Face

The Philippines is prone to a variety of natural calamities. Consequently, the community's health is impacted by many extreme events. This study investigates stakeholders' knowledge and preparedness in the face of major natural events and disasters, health impacts of disasters in the community, and different sectors' response amid extreme events, explicitly flooding, earthquakes, super typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. Data was gathered from four locations through interviews and focus group discussions, and available literature and situation reports. According to the narratives, residents' and local government units' awareness of an impending catastrophic event and disaster preparations are critical. Moreover, community members experienced various immediate, short-term, and long-term health impacts due to various disasters. Therefore, the lessons in this study should be used to improve its preparations, strategies, and protocols.

scholarly journals A qualitative investigation of South African cigarette smokers’ perceptions of fear appeal messages in anti-smoking advertising

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lynch ◽  
Lauren M. De Bruin ◽  
Nafisa Cassimjee ◽  
Claire Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
South African ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

Cigarette smoking continues to pose a global health risk, including in developing countries. Fear appeal messages have been widely employed in health communication to reduce cigarette smoking, but studies provide conflicting results on their efficacy. The present qualitative study explores smokers’ perceptions of fear appeal messages used in anti-smoking advertising. Focus group discussions were conducted with male and female smokers from Gauteng. A thematic analysis found that participants negatively viewed advertisements that use unrealistic images and failed to relate to the message portrayed. Information about the risks associated with smoking was perceived as patronising and as positioning smokers as ignorant and unintelligent. In addition, fear appeal messages that only focus on long-term consequences of smoking were perceived as ineffective. Participants failed to identify with content that solely relied on factual information at the expense of an emotive appeal. The findings suggest that anti-smoking communication could benefit from content that evokes shock without sacrificing realism, that it should include information about short-term and immediately visible consequences of smoking and that it should avoid negative depictions of smokers that alienate them from the message being portrayed.OpsommingSigaretrook dra steeds ’n wêreldwye gesondheidsrisiko, met inbegrip van in ontwikkelende lande. Vrees-oproepende boodskappe word algemeen in gesondheidskommunikasie gebruik om rookgedrag te verminder, maar studies toon teenstrydige resultate rakende die doeltreffendheid daarvan. Die huidige kwalitatiewe studie ondersoek rokers se persepsies van vrees-oproepende boodskappe soos in antirook-advertensies gebruik. Fokusgroepbesprekings is met manlike en vroulike rokers in Gauteng gehou. ’n Tematiese ontleding het gevind dat deelnemers advertensies wat onrealistiese beelde gebruik, negatief beskou en dat hulle nie met die boodskap identifi seer nie. Inligting oor die risiko’s geassosieer met rook is as neerbuigend gesien en dat dit rokers as onkundig en onintelligent voorstel. Verder is gevind dat vrees-oproepende boodskappe wat slegs op langtermyngevolge van rook fokus ondoeltreffend beskou word. Deelnemers het nie met inhoud geïdentifiseer wat slegs op feitlike inligting steun ten koste van ’n emotiewe beroep nie. Die bevindinge stel voor dat antirook-kommunikasie uit inhoud kan baat wat skok uitlok, sonder om realisme prys te gee. Inhoud moet oor inligting van korttermyn- en onmiddellik sigbare gevolge van rook beskik en negatiewe uitbeeldings wat rokers van die boodskap distansieer, moet vermy word.

scholarly journals Infrastructure Enhancement and Households’ Economic Activities: Lesson From Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Bagus Shandy Narmaditya ◽  
Putra Hilmi Prayitno ◽  
Suryati Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at examining the impact of infrastructure advancement of Southern Cross Lane (JLS) in Malang, Indonesia toward households’ economic activities. Furthermore, this study intended to understand the presence of new road infrastructure and tourism sectors toward households’ economic activities. This research applied a descriptive study by conducting focus group discussions with stakeholders and the local community in Malang, Indonesia. In addition, semi-structured questionnaires were implemented to obtain a better understanding of the existing phenomenon. The findings of the study showed that in the short term, the presence of a new road in Southern Cross Lane changes the economic activities of the household while in the long term, it provides various opportunities to be developed such as tourism sectors, hotels, and restaurants. However, the development efforts from each region depend on the plan of the local community. Furthermore, the existence of a new road in Southern Cross Lane contributes to greater access between cities in the south of East Java in Indonesia.

Graduate Medical Education in Otolaryngology: Making Dollars and Sense of Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110042
Author(s):  
Jenny X. Chen ◽  
Shivani A. Shah ◽  
Vinay K. Rathi ◽  
Mark A. Varvares ◽  
Stacey T. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Resident Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
Departmental Leadership ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Face ◽  
Funding Cuts

Graduate medical education (GME) is funded by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services through both direct and indirect payments. In recent years, stakeholders have raised concerns about the growth of spending on GME and distribution of payment among hospitals. Key stakeholders have proposed reforms to reduce GME funding such as adjustments to statutory payment formulas and absolute caps on annual payments per resident. Otolaryngology departmental leadership should understand the potential effects of proposed reforms, which could have significant implications for the short-term financial performance and the long-term specialty workforce. Although some hospitals and departments may elect to reduce resident salaries or eliminate positions in the face of GME funding cuts, this approach overlooks the substantial Medicare revenue contributed by resident care and high cost of alternative labor sources. Commitment to resident training is necessary to align both the margin and mission of otolaryngology departments and their sponsoring hospitals.

Understanding Factors Related to Prolonged Trial of Detained Defendants in the Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2461-2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymund E. Narag
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Official Data

Utilizing a combination of jail official data and qualitative data gathered through Focus Group Discussions and interviews with inmates, court actors, and jail officers, this article investigates the factors related to prolonged trial of detained defendants in the Philippines. Sensitizing concepts derived from Western literature are utilized to understand individual, court, and jail-level variations to prolonged detention. Results from official jail data show the magnitude and extent of the problem. The narrative data suggests the salience of organizational and cultural dynamics that lead to the delay of cases for detained defendants. Specifically, courts that are loosely coupled and subscribe to workgroup culture that condones leniency are more likely to be delayed. Implications to theory and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals The Meaning of Having an Autistic Child in Malay Family Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Cau Kim Jiu ◽  
Somporn Rungreangkulkij
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Child ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Depth Interviews

The condition of families with autistic children raises many views and judgments both from family and society. This ethnographic study aimed to describe the meaning of families and communities towards families with autistic children. Data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Key informants come from families who have autistic children and community members recruited by purposive sampling, while the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study results generate  two categories of perception of the meaning of having autistic children.  The first category was made by the families which comprises four themes such as 1) A test from God, 2) Destiny of God, 3) Autistic children different with other children, and 4) Children who need intensive helping. The second category was the perception made by the community members which consists of two themes, such as 1) Test for family, and 2) An autistic child as a holy child. This study further shows that  culture is believed to determine how families and the members of the community perceive and interpret the existence of autistic children in the families so that it is very important for health workers to understand the culture that exists in the community.

15. Democracies, Democratization, and Authoritarian Regimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-362
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Democracy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Long Term Trends

This chapter focuses on democracies, democratization, and authoritarian regimes. It first considers the two main approaches to analysing the global rise of democracy over the last thirty years: first, long-term trends of modernization, and more specifically economic development, that create preconditions for democracy and opportunities for democratic entrepreneurs; and second, the sequences of more short-term events and actions of key actors at moments of national crisis that have precipitated a democratic transition — also known as ‘transitology’. The chapter proceeds by discussing the different types of democracy and the strategies used to measure democracy. It also reviews the more recent literature on authoritarian systems and why they persist. Finally, it examines the challenges that confront democracy in the face of authoritarian revival.

Identity Construction, Social Media, and Ifugao Rice Terraces Conservation of Indigenous People's Youth Through Appreciative Inquiry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Consuelo De Luna Habito ◽  
Susan Janette G. Ealdama
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Appreciative Inquiry ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
The University

Recognizing the important contribution of the indigenous people's (IP) youth towards the sustainable development and conservation of the internationally recognized Ifugao rice terraces (IRT) of the Philippines, the University of the Philippines Open University implemented a youth capacity building and exchange program among IP youth from Hungduan, Kiangan, Banaue and Mayaoyao rice terraces in the Ifugao province. The study conducted focus group discussions that included identity construction with physical co-presence and utilization of new communication technologies (NCTs) through the strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results of an appreciative inquiry approach (SOAR). Beliefs, ethnicity and values were three key identity construction factors. Need, talent, passion, and conscience were also included among the dimensions of identity construction. These findings were subsequently used in the design and construction of training course modules customized for IP youth from the IRT using the blended-mode of learning and practical activities such as video logs and memes in NCTs.

Formative study of non-credit students at Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York

2020 ◽  
pp. 147797142091592
Author(s):  
Sarantsetseg Davaasambuu ◽  
Christine Zagari
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
New York ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Depth Interviews

The study examined students’ needs and satisfaction at the Kingsborough Community College in Brooklyn, NY. Purposive sampling method was used to examine the needs and satisfaction of the allied healthcare programme and the English as a Second Language programme students. Results of the focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with students and faculty members demonstrate that there is still a lot of work that needs to be done to assist non-credit students to complete their programmes. By learning the perceptions of the non-credit students, the college can make necessary changes for improvements, which ultimately will bring a higher return on investments and engagement of the non-credit student population. The needs and satisfactions of this population have to be taken seriously; whereby providing students by access to credit programmes, generating meaningful outcomes for a range of their needs, and facilitating the long-term pursuit of degree in connection to the academic departments.

scholarly journals A Traditional Closed-Loop Sanitation System in a Chronic Emergency: A Qualitative Study from Afghanistan

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Jean Lapegue ◽  
Jutta Gutberlet ◽  
Jan Franklin Adamowski ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The World ◽  
Smart Community ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Sanitation Systems

The use of closed-loop sanitation systems (CLSS), or reuse-oriented sanitation systems, has increased in recent years, and such systems have been successfully implemented in many parts of the world. However, no research has explored Traditional CLSS (T-CLSS) for a long-term humanitarian situation. This study explores the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of T-CLSS in peri-urban and rural contexts in three different provinces in Afghanistan (the first study of its kind in Afghanistan). Participatory research tools, such as transect walks, focus group discussions, smart community gatherings and interactive workshops, were applied to assess the SWOT associated with T-CLSS. The results indicate that T-CLSS has been practiced historically in both peri-urban and rural areas using local and traditional knowledge, skills and technologies. The socio-cultural acceptance of the system in both rural and peri-urban areas is an important strength of this established system. However, due to chronic development challenges in the study regions, T-CLSS may possibly lead to exposure to microbial contaminants. It is recommended that the feasibility of an improved CLSS be assessed and implemented in light of the issues that are inherent in the use of T-CLSS in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Group-Based Resilience Intervention for Typhoon Haiyan Survivors

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Regina M. Hechanova ◽  
Lynn C. Waelde ◽  
Pia Anna P. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Coping Skills ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Disaster Survivors ◽  
Resilience Intervention ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact of Katatagan, a culturally adapted, group-based, and mindfulness-informed resilience intervention developed for disaster survivors in the Philippines. The intervention aimed to teach six adaptive coping skills: harnessing strengths, managing physical reactions, managing thoughts and emotions, seeking solutions and support, identifying positive activities, and planning for the future. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted with 163 Typhoon Haiyan survivors. Six-month follow-up assessments were obtained for 37 participants. Pre- and post-results showed improvements in participants’ self-efficacy on all six coping skills. The 6-month follow-up revealed significant improvements in four of the six coping skills. Focus group discussions conducted at follow-up revealed that mindfulness, self-care, strengths, and reframing were some of the topics that were most memorable to participants. Among these, participants identified mindfulness as a skill that they continued to use. Participants also shared that they felt stronger because of the intervention and have shared what they learned with others in their communities.

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