scholarly journals Limited Impact of Delta Variant’s Mutations on the Effectiveness of Neutralization Conferred by Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccines in a Latino Population

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2405
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Sariol ◽  
Crisanta Serrano-Collazo ◽  
Edwin J. Ortiz ◽  
Petraleigh Pantoja ◽  
Lorna Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Latino Population ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted public health systems all over the world. The Delta variant seems to possess enhanced transmissibility, but no clear evidence suggests it has increased virulence. Our data show that pre-exposed individuals had similar neutralizing activity against the authentic COVID-19 strain and the Delta and Epsilon variants. After only one vaccine dose, the neutralization capacity expanded to all tested variants in pre-exposed individuals. Healthy vaccinated individuals showed a limited breadth of neutralization. One vaccine dose did induce similar neutralizing antibodies against the Delta as against the authentic strain. However, even after two doses, this capacity only expanded to the Epsilon variant.

scholarly journals Limited impact of Delta variants mutations in the effectiveness of neutralization conferred by natural infection or COVID-19 vaccines in a Latino population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Sariol ◽  
Crisanta Serrano ◽  
Edwin J. Ortiz ◽  
Petraleigh Pantoja ◽  
Lorna Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted the public health systems all over the world. The Delta variant seems to possess enhanced transmissibility, but no clear evidence suggests it has increased virulence. Our data shows that pre-exposed individuals had similar neutralizing activity against the authentic COVID-19 strain and the Delta and Epsilon variants. After only one vaccine dose, the neutralization capacity expands to all tested variants in pre-exposed individuals. Healthy vaccinated individuals showed a limited breadth of neutralization. One vaccine dose did induce similar neutralizing antibodies against the Delta than to the authentic strain. However, even after two doses, this capacity only expanded to the Epsilon variant.

IANPHI and National Public Health Institutes

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Whitney ◽  
Katherine Seib ◽  
Jessica Blackburn ◽  
Jacob Clemente ◽  
Courtenay M. Dusenbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
National Public Health Institutes

More than one hundred countries around the world have established national public health institutes (NPHIs) to coordinate and lead their public health systems. Some NPHIs, such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), South African National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Brazilian Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, have developed over time. Others, such as the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), emanated in response to more recent global public health threats like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). NPHI functionalities range from combatting primarily infectious diseases to comprehensive mandates to lead national efforts for prevention and control of both infectious and noncommunicable disease threats. The International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI), envisioned in 2001 and chartered in 2006, serves to link and catalyze the capacity of NPHIs around the world through a robust international professional and scientific network. IANPHI works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) through a formal partnership agreement. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, member dues and peer assistance, bilateral cooperative agreements, and private-sector partnerships support its activities. IANPHI’s members encompass more than five billion people across six continents. IANPHI is the only organization whose mission is to strengthen national public health institutes. To do this, IANPHI’s work focuses on (a) supporting a robust scientific community of NPHI directors through an annual meeting, a listserv, and collaborative activities; (b) developing and distributing guidelines and tools that strengthen NPHIs’ abilities to conduct and evaluate public health programs and efforts, including the IANPHI NPHI development framework, the Staged Development Tool, NPHI-to-NPHI evaluation guidance, and a best practices series; and (c) investing in projects designed to create NPHIs and strengthen public health systems in low-resource countries. IANPHI helps NPHIs by advocating for strong and well-supported NPHIs and providing timely information and insights for public health programs and actions.

scholarly journals From Catastrophe to Catalyst: Can the World Bank make COVID-19 a turning point for building universal and fair public healthcare systems?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Seery ◽  
Anna Marriott ◽  
Katie Malouf Bous ◽  
Rebecca Shadwick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

COVID-19 has exposed the widespread failure to invest in strong and universal public health systems, putting millions of lives at risk and dramatically widening health inequalities. Oxfam analysed the World Bank’s emergency health funding to 71 countries in response to the pandemic. While its response has been rapid and significant, Oxfam finds that the World Bank has missed vital opportunities to strengthen public health systems so they can tackle COVID-19 and deliver health for all in the future. The research outlined in this briefing finds that 89% of World Bank projects do not plan to support any action to remove financial barriers, including user fees, that exclude millions from life-saving care; and two-thirds lack any plans to increase the number of healthcare workers. An urgent course correction is needed to help countries effectively fight the pandemic and build fairer, more resilient universal healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Quarantine Practices during Covid-19: Current Experiences and Strategic Prevention from Future Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-200
Author(s):  
MT Navid ◽  
S Raza ◽  
MA Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World

This century has faced various pandemics within the couple of decades. These pandemics knocked global public health systems and opened up the gaps to grasp these outbreaks. Quarantine or isolation of the susceptible individuals is an ancient technique that has been proven very effective. This technique is however not practiced accurately for current pandemic of COVID-19, due to which the COVID-19 infection is re-occurring in most part of the world.

scholarly journals Civic programmatic participation in public health: the case of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulia G. Falleti ◽  
Santiago L. Cunial
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Since the Alma Ata World Health Organization Conference in 1978, countries around the world have adopted institutions that promote the participation of citizens in their public health systems. The main objectives of this article are two-fold. First, we describe the origins and implementation of a national-level civic participatory program that was in place in Argentina in the mid-2000s: the Local Participatory Projects (Proyectos Locales Participativos). Second, we analyze the 201 local participatory projects that were carried out in Argentina between 2007 and 2008. We study health and environmental problems that prompt people’s participation in the program and the social dynamics through which such participation is executed.

Not Tracking: The Antipolitics of Contact-Tracing Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Paula Kift
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Individual User ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world turned to contact-tracing applications in an attempt to balance the reopening of the economy with keeping the virus at bay. But as this article demonstrates, contact-tracing applications not only fail to protect the most vulnerable among us; they also shift responsibility for failing to prepare public-health systems for a pandemic away from governments and onto the individual user struggling to contain its worst effects. In the process, contact-tracing applications change the definition of failure. They also reinforce existing inequalities. Technology in this case not only has politics; it prevents politics. By focusing on contact-tracing applications as an example, the article points to some of the deeper perils of accepting app-based solutions to structural problems.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Effects and Public Health Challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Das ◽  
Julie Richards
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
And Control

The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global crisis that poses enormous and multifarious challenges to humanity since the end of 2019. The pandemic has severely devastated public health systems and universally affected socio-economic development. India is among the worst-hit nations owing to its massive population of 1.35 billion, and more significant socio-economic challenges than most other countries. Despite the current issues and challenges surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, India has been making targeted efforts towards the fight against the spread of coronavirus, including medical, treatment, vaccination, community prevention and control strategies. The chapter examines the implications of the pandemic on Indian population which have certain unique challenges than other parts of the world. It delves on the gradual progression of the challenges among people especially the vulnerable and the disadvantaged in the existing public health systems. This chapter encompasses a wide array of human suffering and efforts for its mitigation. It highlights and brings to forefront the unique experiences of diverse populations who have faced a crisis within a crisis and its psychosocial ramifications, as well as the psychosocial adversities and public health challenges.

Maternal health services in China’s western rural areas: uptake and correlates

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengfang Liu ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Huan ZHOU ◽  
Alexis Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Western China ◽  
Public Health Systems

Purpose Many public health systems have struggled with the dual questions of (1) why the uptake rate of maternal health services is low among some subpopulations; and (2) how to raise it. The objective of this study is to assess the uptake rate of a new set of maternal health services in poor rural areas of China. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on the survey responses of women’s representatives and village cadres from almost 1000 villages in June 2012 as part of a wide-scale public health survey in Sichuan, Gansu and Yunnan provinces in the western part of China. Findings We find that the uptake rate of maternal health services (including in-hospital delivery, antenatal care visits and post-partum care visits) in poor rural areas of western China are far below average in China, and that the rates vary across provinces and ethnic groups. Our analyses demonstrate that distance, income, ethnicity and availability appear to be systematically correlated with low uptake rates of all maternal health services. Demand-side factors seem to be by far the most important sources of the differences between subpopulations. We also find that there is potential for creating a Conditional Cash Transfer program to improve the usage of maternal health services. Originality/value We believe that our results will contribute positively to the exploration of answers to the dual questions that many public health systems have struggled with (1) why the uptake rate of maternal health services is low among some subpopulations; and (2) how to raise it.

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