scholarly journals Quarantine Practices during Covid-19: Current Experiences and Strategic Prevention from Future Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-200
Author(s):  
MT Navid ◽  
S Raza ◽  
MA Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World

This century has faced various pandemics within the couple of decades. These pandemics knocked global public health systems and opened up the gaps to grasp these outbreaks. Quarantine or isolation of the susceptible individuals is an ancient technique that has been proven very effective. This technique is however not practiced accurately for current pandemic of COVID-19, due to which the COVID-19 infection is re-occurring in most part of the world.

scholarly journals Systems leadership in practice: thematic insights from three public health case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bigland ◽  
David Evans ◽  
Richard Bolden ◽  
Maggie Rae
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Systems Leadership ◽  
Indicators Of Success

Abstract Background ‘Systems leadership’ has emerged as a key concept in global public health alongside such related concepts as ‘systems thinking’ and ‘whole systems approaches.’ It is an approach that is well suited to issues that require collective action, where no single organisation can control the outcomes. While there is a growing literature on the theory of systems leadership in a number of fields, there remains a lack of published empirical studies of public health systems leadership for professionals to learn from. The aim of the current project was to conduct cases studies in UK public health to provide empirical evidence on the nature of effective systems leadership practice. Methods Three system leadership case studies were identified in the key domains of public health: health protection, healthcare public health and health improvement. A total of 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were thematically analysed to identify the components of effective systems leadership in each case and its impact. Results The thematic analysis identified themes around ‘getting started,’ ‘maintaining momentum’ and ‘indicators of success’ in systems leadership. In terms of getting started, the analysis showed that both a compelling ‘call to action’ and assembling an effective ‘coalition of the willing’ are important. To maintain momentum, the analysis identified themes relating to system structure, culture and the people involved. Regarding culture, the main themes that emerged were the importance of nurturing strong relationships, curiosity and a desire to understand the system, and promoting resilience. The analysis identified three components that could be used as indicators of success; these were a sense of enjoyment from the work, resource gains to the system and shifts in data indicators at the population level. Conclusions This study has provided insight into the nature of systems leadership in public health settings in the UK. It has identified factors that contribute to effective public health systems leadership and offers a thematic model in terms of establishing a systems leadership approach, maintaining momentum and identifying key success indicators.

IANPHI and National Public Health Institutes

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Whitney ◽  
Katherine Seib ◽  
Jessica Blackburn ◽  
Jacob Clemente ◽  
Courtenay M. Dusenbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
National Public Health Institutes

More than one hundred countries around the world have established national public health institutes (NPHIs) to coordinate and lead their public health systems. Some NPHIs, such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), South African National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Brazilian Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, have developed over time. Others, such as the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), emanated in response to more recent global public health threats like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). NPHI functionalities range from combatting primarily infectious diseases to comprehensive mandates to lead national efforts for prevention and control of both infectious and noncommunicable disease threats. The International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI), envisioned in 2001 and chartered in 2006, serves to link and catalyze the capacity of NPHIs around the world through a robust international professional and scientific network. IANPHI works closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) through a formal partnership agreement. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, member dues and peer assistance, bilateral cooperative agreements, and private-sector partnerships support its activities. IANPHI’s members encompass more than five billion people across six continents. IANPHI is the only organization whose mission is to strengthen national public health institutes. To do this, IANPHI’s work focuses on (a) supporting a robust scientific community of NPHI directors through an annual meeting, a listserv, and collaborative activities; (b) developing and distributing guidelines and tools that strengthen NPHIs’ abilities to conduct and evaluate public health programs and efforts, including the IANPHI NPHI development framework, the Staged Development Tool, NPHI-to-NPHI evaluation guidance, and a best practices series; and (c) investing in projects designed to create NPHIs and strengthen public health systems in low-resource countries. IANPHI helps NPHIs by advocating for strong and well-supported NPHIs and providing timely information and insights for public health programs and actions.

scholarly journals Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Storm ◽  
Lindsay McKay ◽  
Sierra Downs ◽  
Rebecca Johnson ◽  
Dagnachew Birru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Uv C

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 23 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 800 000 deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.

scholarly journals Limited Impact of Delta Variant’s Mutations on the Effectiveness of Neutralization Conferred by Natural Infection or COVID-19 Vaccines in a Latino Population

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2405
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Sariol ◽  
Crisanta Serrano-Collazo ◽  
Edwin J. Ortiz ◽  
Petraleigh Pantoja ◽  
Lorna Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Latino Population ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted public health systems all over the world. The Delta variant seems to possess enhanced transmissibility, but no clear evidence suggests it has increased virulence. Our data show that pre-exposed individuals had similar neutralizing activity against the authentic COVID-19 strain and the Delta and Epsilon variants. After only one vaccine dose, the neutralization capacity expanded to all tested variants in pre-exposed individuals. Healthy vaccinated individuals showed a limited breadth of neutralization. One vaccine dose did induce similar neutralizing antibodies against the Delta as against the authentic strain. However, even after two doses, this capacity only expanded to the Epsilon variant.

scholarly journals Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Storm ◽  
Lindsay McKay ◽  
Sierra Downs ◽  
Rebacca Johnson ◽  
Dagnachew Birru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Uv C

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 23 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 800 000 deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.

scholarly journals From Catastrophe to Catalyst: Can the World Bank make COVID-19 a turning point for building universal and fair public healthcare systems?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Seery ◽  
Anna Marriott ◽  
Katie Malouf Bous ◽  
Rebecca Shadwick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

COVID-19 has exposed the widespread failure to invest in strong and universal public health systems, putting millions of lives at risk and dramatically widening health inequalities. Oxfam analysed the World Bank’s emergency health funding to 71 countries in response to the pandemic. While its response has been rapid and significant, Oxfam finds that the World Bank has missed vital opportunities to strengthen public health systems so they can tackle COVID-19 and deliver health for all in the future. The research outlined in this briefing finds that 89% of World Bank projects do not plan to support any action to remove financial barriers, including user fees, that exclude millions from life-saving care; and two-thirds lack any plans to increase the number of healthcare workers. An urgent course correction is needed to help countries effectively fight the pandemic and build fairer, more resilient universal healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Reimagining Public Health in the Aftermath of a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1605-1610
Author(s):  
Ross C. Brownson ◽  
Thomas A. Burke ◽  
Graham A. Colditz ◽  
Jonathan M. Samet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Rapid Spread

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society, affecting those already subject to unacceptable health inequalities and resulting in vast economic impacts. The pandemic reminds everyone of the value and necessity of public health. In the context of an era that will be shaped by COVID-19, we outline the coming series of challenges and transitions in public health and the needed actions over the next 5 years to reinvent our public health systems. Multiple limitations in current US and global public health systems have been uncovered by the pandemic, including insufficient preparedness and surveillance capabilities complicated by long-standing and worsening health inequalities and the rapid spread of misinformation that needs to be countered. We foresee 3 phases for public health over the next 5 years: (1) reactive crisis management, (2) efforts to maintain initial gains, and (3) efforts to sustain and enhance progress. A reinvented public health system will depend highly on leadership and political will, rethinking how we categorize and address population-level risk, employing 21st-century data sciences, and applying new communication skills.

scholarly journals Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Storm ◽  
Lindsay G. A. McKay ◽  
Sierra N. Downs ◽  
Rebecca I. Johnson ◽  
Dagnachew Birru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Uv C

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 52 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 1 million deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.

scholarly journals Civic programmatic participation in public health: the case of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulia G. Falleti ◽  
Santiago L. Cunial
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Since the Alma Ata World Health Organization Conference in 1978, countries around the world have adopted institutions that promote the participation of citizens in their public health systems. The main objectives of this article are two-fold. First, we describe the origins and implementation of a national-level civic participatory program that was in place in Argentina in the mid-2000s: the Local Participatory Projects (Proyectos Locales Participativos). Second, we analyze the 201 local participatory projects that were carried out in Argentina between 2007 and 2008. We study health and environmental problems that prompt people’s participation in the program and the social dynamics through which such participation is executed.

scholarly journals Limited impact of Delta variants mutations in the effectiveness of neutralization conferred by natural infection or COVID-19 vaccines in a Latino population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Sariol ◽  
Crisanta Serrano ◽  
Edwin J. Ortiz ◽  
Petraleigh Pantoja ◽  
Lorna Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The World

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted the public health systems all over the world. The Delta variant seems to possess enhanced transmissibility, but no clear evidence suggests it has increased virulence. Our data shows that pre-exposed individuals had similar neutralizing activity against the authentic COVID-19 strain and the Delta and Epsilon variants. After only one vaccine dose, the neutralization capacity expands to all tested variants in pre-exposed individuals. Healthy vaccinated individuals showed a limited breadth of neutralization. One vaccine dose did induce similar neutralizing antibodies against the Delta than to the authentic strain. However, even after two doses, this capacity only expanded to the Epsilon variant.

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