scholarly journals Mannose-Modified Chitosan-Nanoparticle-Based Salmonella Subunit OralVaccine-Induced Immune Response and Efficacy in a Challenge Trial in Broilers

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Yi Han ◽  
Sankar Renu ◽  
Veerupaxagouda Patil ◽  
Jennifer Schrock ◽  
Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Mucosal Antibody ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Huge Challenge

Controlling Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infection in broilers is a huge challenge. In this study, our objective was to improve the efficacy of a chitosan nanoparticle (CS)-based Salmonella subunit vaccine for SE, containing immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA), called the CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine, by surface conjugating it with mannose to target dendritic cells, and comparing the immune responses and efficacy with a commercial live Salmonella vaccine in broilers. The CS(OMP+FLA)-based vaccines were administered orally at age 3 days and as a booster dose after three weeks, and the broilers were challenged with SE at 5 weeks of age. Birds were sacrificed 10 days post-challenge and it was observed that CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine surface conjugated with both mannose and FLA produced the greatest SE reduction, by over 1 log10 colony forming unit per gram of the cecal content, which was comparable to a commercial live vaccine. Immunologically, specific mucosal antibody responses were enhanced by FLA-surface-coated CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine, and mannose-bound CS(OMP+FLA) improved the cellular immune response. In addition, increased mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors and cytokine was observed in CS(OMP+FLA)-based-vaccinated birds. The commercial live vaccine failed to induce any such substantial immune response, except that they had a slightly improved T helper cell frequency. Our data suggest that FLA-coated and mannose-modified CS(OMP+FLA) vaccine induced robust innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune responses and substantially reduced the Salmonella load in the intestines of broilers.

scholarly journals Heterologous vaccination regimens with self-amplifying RNA and adenoviral COVID vaccines induce robust immune responses in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Spencer ◽  
Paul F. McKay ◽  
Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer ◽  
Marta Ulaszewska ◽  
Cameron D. Bissett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractSeveral vaccines have demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease, yet there is limited data on the immune response induced by heterologous vaccination regimens using alternate vaccine modalities. Here, we present a detailed description of the immune response, in mice, following vaccination with a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine and an adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that antibody responses are higher in two-dose heterologous vaccination regimens than single-dose regimens. Neutralising titres after heterologous prime-boost were at least comparable or higher than the titres measured after homologous prime boost vaccination with viral vectors. Importantly, the cellular immune response after a heterologous regimen is dominated by cytotoxic T cells and Th1+ CD4 T cells, which is superior to the response induced in homologous vaccination regimens in mice. These results underpin the need for clinical trials to investigate the immunogenicity of heterologous regimens with alternate vaccine technologies.

scholarly journals The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Recombinant 27-Kilodalton Lipoprotein Induces a Strong Th1-Type Immune Response Deleterious to Protection

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3146-3154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi-Hai Hovav ◽  
Jacob Mullerad ◽  
Liuba Davidovitch ◽  
Yolanta Fishman ◽  
Fabiana Bigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Antigens ◽  
Proliferation Response ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

ABSTRACT Th1 immune response is essential in the protection against mycobacterial intracellular pathogens. Lipoproteins trigger both humoral and cellular immune responses and may be candidate protective antigens. We studied in BALB/c mice the immunogenicity and the protection offered by the recombinant 27-kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein and the corresponding DNA vaccine. Immunization with the 27-kDa antigen resulted in high titers of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a with a typical Th1 profile and a strong delayed hypersensitivity response. A strong proliferation response was observed in splenocytes, and significant nitric oxide production and gamma interferon secretion but not interleukin 10 secretion were measured. Based on these criteria, the 27-kDa antigen induced a typical Th1-type immune response thought to be necessary for protection. Surprisingly, in 27-kDa-vaccinated mice (protein or DNA vaccines) challenged by M. tuberculosis H37Rv or BCG strains, there was a significant increase in the numbers of CFU in the spleen compared to that for control groups. Furthermore, the protection provided by BCG or other mycobacterial antigens was completely abolished once the 27-kDa antigen was added to the vaccine preparations. This study indicates that the 27-kDa antigen has an adverse effect on the protection afforded by recognized vaccines. We are currently studying how the 27-kDa antigen modulates the mouse immune response.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACILLUS OF CALMETTE-GUÉRIN, AVRIDINE AND Propionibacterium acnes AS IMMUNOMODULATORS ON RABIES IN MICE

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MEGID ◽  
M.T.S. PERAÇOLI ◽  
P.R. CURI ◽  
C.R. ZANETTI ◽  
W.H. CABRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> (IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font>) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> concentration and MIF response.

scholarly journals Molecular and Immunological Significance of Chimpanzee Major Histocompatibility Complex Haplotypes for Hepatitis C Virus Immune Response and Vaccination Studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 6093-6103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eishiro Mizukoshi ◽  
Michelina Nascimbeni ◽  
Joshua B. Blaustein ◽  
Kathleen Mihalik ◽  
Charles M. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Functional Homology ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT The chimpanzee is a critical animal model for studying cellular immune responses to infectious pathogens such as hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and malaria. Several candidate vaccines and immunotherapies for these infections aim at the induction or enhancement of cellular immune responses against viral epitopes presented by common human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles. To identify and characterize chimpanzee MHC class I molecules that are functionally related to human alleles, we sequenced 18 different Pan troglodytes (Patr) alleles of 14 chimpanzees, 2 of them previously unknown and 3 with only partially reported sequences. Comparative analysis of Patr binding pockets and binding assays with biotinylated peptides demonstrated a molecular homology between the binding grooves of individual Patr alleles and the common human alleles HLA-A1, -A2, -A3, and -B7. Using cytotoxic T cells isolated from the blood of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected chimpanzees, we then mapped the Patr restriction of these HCV peptides and demonstrated functional homology between the Patr-HLA orthologues in cytotoxicity and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays. Based on these results, 21 HCV epitopes were selected to characterize the chimpanzees' cellular immune response to HCV. In each case, IFN-γ-producing T cells were detectable in the blood after but not prior to HCV infection and were specifically targeted against those HCV peptides predicted by Patr-HLA homology. This study demonstrates a close functional homology between individual Patr and HLA alleles and shows that HCV infection generates HCV peptides that are recognized by both chimpanzees and humans with Patr and HLA orthologues. These results are relevant for the design and evaluation of vaccines in chimpanzees that can now be selected according to the most frequent human MHC haplotypes.

scholarly journals Pathological changes inducing by S.aureus in immunodeficiency mice immunized with Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
H. H. K. AL-Byattee
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Sterile Normal Saline ◽  
Cellular Immune

In order to determine the influence of Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)on S.aureus infection in Mitomicin c immunosupression mice, seventy four white mice, both sex,7-8 weeks age were divided randomly into five groups.1st group(n=16 ) was immunized with 0.4ml of S.aureus CFSAgs (concentration of protein( 4.2mg/ml) ,i/p two doses, 2 weeks intervals. 2nd group(n=16) was injected with mitomycine C ,(1mg/kg B.W) I/p three time /week for 4 weeks. 3ed group (n=16) was immunized with CFSAgs as 1st group and treated with mitomycin as 2nd group. 4th group(n=10) was inoculated with (0.4ml) I/P with1X109 CFU/ML of viable virulent. S.aureus and was served as control positive group. 5th group (n=16) was inoculated with 0.5ml sterile normal saline. Cellular and humoral immune response were recorded at 28-30 day post immunization, skin test and passive heam agglutination test respectively, then all animals of immunized and treatment groups were challenge with S,aureus as control positive group. The results explained that animals treatment with MMC were died during (18) hrs post inoculation with virulent viable S.aureus with very heavy bacterial isolation, animal of control positive group were died at( 24)hrs post infection with heavy bacterial isolation The results revealed that immunization with CFSAgs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, the level values of both arms of immune response were lower animal treatment with MMC, Severe pathological lesions were seen in examined organs of control positive group but these lesions are more extensive in animal treatment with MMC. The main lesions in examined organs of these animals are suppurative inflammation ,congestion ,apoptosis and necrosis.. We conclusion that MMC induce immunosuppression condition and immunization with CFSAgs can improve the immune responses in the animals that are suffering from immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Aging dampens the intestinal innate immune response during Clostridioides difficile infection and is associated with altered intestinal eosinophil mobilization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Abernathy-Close ◽  
Michael G. Dieterle ◽  
Kimberly C. Vendrov ◽  
Ingrid L. Bergin ◽  
Vincent B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Young Mice

ABSTRACTClostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection, and advanced age is a risk factor for C. difficile infection. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota and immune responses contribute to host susceptibility and severity of C. difficile infection. However, the impact of aging on the cellular immune response associated with C. difficile infection in the setting of advanced age remains to be well described. This study explores the effect of age on cellular immune responses in C. difficile infection as well as disease severity. Young adult mice (2-3 months old) and aged mice (22-28 months old) were rendered susceptible to C. difficile infection with cefoperazone and then infected with C. difficile strains of varying disease-causing potential. Aged mice infected with C. difficile develop more severe clinical disease, compared to young mice. Tissue-specific CD45+ immune cell responses occurred at the time of peak disease severity in the cecum and colon of all mice infected with a high-virulence strain of C. difficile; however, significant deficits in intestinal neutrophils and eosinophils were detected in aged mice. Interestingly, while C. difficile infection in young mice was associated with a robust increase in cecal and colonic eosinophils, there was a complete lack of an intestinal eosinophil response in aged counterparts accompanied by a simultaneous increase in blood eosinophils with severe disease. These findings demonstrate that age-related alterations in immune responses are associated with significantly worse C. difficile infection and support a key role for intestinal eosinophils in mitigating C. difficile-mediated disease severity.

scholarly journals ISCOM-like Nanoparticles Formulated with Quillaja brasiliensis Saponins Are Promising Adjuvants for Seasonal Influenza Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350
Author(s):  
Mariana Rivera-Patron ◽  
María Moreno ◽  
Mariana Baz ◽  
Paulo M. Roehe ◽  
Samuel P. Cibulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Saponin Fraction ◽  
Cellular Immune

Vaccination is the most effective public health intervention to prevent influenza infections, which are responsible for an important burden of respiratory illnesses and deaths each year. Currently, licensed influenza vaccines are mostly split inactivated, although in order to achieve higher efficacy rates, some influenza vaccines contain adjuvants. Although split-inactivated vaccines induce mostly humoral responses, tailoring mucosal and cellular immune responses is crucial for preventing influenza infections. Quillaja brasiliensis saponin-based adjuvants, including ISCOM-like nanoparticles formulated with the QB-90 saponin fraction (IQB90), have been studied in preclinical models for more than a decade and have been demonstrated to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses towards several viral antigens. Herein, we demonstrate that a split-inactivated IQB90 adjuvanted influenza vaccine triggered a protective immune response, stronger than that induced by a commercial unadjuvanted vaccine, when applied either by the subcutaneous or the intranasal route. Moreover, we reveal that this novel adjuvant confers up to a ten-fold dose-sparing effect, which could be crucial for pandemic preparedness. Last but not least, we assessed the role of caspase-1/11 in the generation of the immune response triggered by the IQB90 adjuvanted influenza vaccine in a mouse model and found that the cellular-mediated immune response triggered by the IQB90-Flu relies, at least in part, on a mechanism involving the casp-1/11 pathway but not the humoral response elicited by this formulation.

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