Principle of the Bark ofPhellodendron amurenseto Suppress the Cellular Immune Response: Effect of Phellodendrine on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-g (IFN-g) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-g concentration and MIF response.

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Toxoplasma gondii: humoral and cellular immune response of BALB/c mice immunized via intranasal route with rTgROP2

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612010000400004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 210-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Michelle Igarashi ◽

Dauton Luiz Zulpo ◽

Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽

Luiz Daniel Barros ◽

Vanessa Figueredo Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Recombinant Protein ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Stimulation Index ◽

Intranasal Route ◽

Iptg Induction ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

TgROP2 is an intracellular protein associated with rhoptries of Toxoplama gondii and an antigen component of a candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rTgROP2 to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice via intranasal injection. TgROP2 partial coding sequence was (196-561) amplified by PCR from genomic T. gondii RH strain DNA and cloned into the pTrcHis expression vector. Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 cells transformed with pTrcHis-TgROP2 showed high levels (~1 mg.mL-1) of recombinant protein after 4 hours of IPTG induction. Recombinant TgROP2 exhibited an apparent Mr equal to 54 kDa. In order to test immunogenicity of the recombinant protein, 10 BALB/c mice received 10 µg of rROP2 protein + 10 µg of Quil-A via intranasal injection. Doses were administered at days 0, 21, and 42. Three animals were euthanized and used to evaluate cell-ular immune response on day 62. Five (50%) and two (20%) out of ten animals produced IgG (DO mean = 0.307; cut-off = 0.240) and IgA (DO mean = 0.133, cut-off = 0.101), respectively, by ELISA on day 62. The proliferation of splenocytes revealed high stimulation index (SI) when co-cultured with 5, 10 and 15 µg.mL-1 of rTgROP2. These results indicate that intranasal immunization with recombinant protein ROP2 plus Quil-A can elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice.

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Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Derived Amplicons Results in Potent, Specific, and Durable Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.76.11.5565-5580.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 76 (11) ◽

pp. 5565-5580 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Peter K. Hocknell ◽

Rebecca D. Wiley ◽

Xiuqing Wang ◽

Thomas G. Evans ◽

William J. Bowers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Virus Type ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects a wide range of cells, including dendritic cells. Consequently, HSV-1 vectors may be capable of eliciting strong immune responses to vectored antigens. To test this hypothesis, an HSV-1 amplicon plasmid encoding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 was constructed, and murine immune responses to helper virus-free amplicon preparations derived from this construct were evaluated. Initial studies revealed that a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 106 infectious units (i.u.) of HSV:gp120 amplicon particles (HSV:gp120) elicited Env-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. A potent, CD8+-T-cell-mediated response to an H-2Dd-restricted peptide from gp120 (RGPGRAFVTI) was measured by a gamma interferon ELISPOT and was confirmed by standard cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte assays. Immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed the induction of a strong, Env-specific antibody response. An i.m. or an intradermal administration of HSV:gp120 at the tail base elicited a more potent cellular immune response than did an intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, although an i.p. introduction generated a stronger humoral response. The immune response to HSV:gp120 was durable, with robust cellular and humoral responses persisting at 171 days after a single 106-i.u. inoculation. The immune response to HSV:gp120 was also found to be dose dependent: as few as 104 i.u. elicited a strong T-cell response. Finally, HSV:gp120 elicited significant Env-specific cellular immune responses even in animals that had been previously infected with wild-type HSV-1. Taken together, these data strongly support the use of helper-free HSV-1 amplicon particles as vaccine delivery vectors.

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Idiotype Vaccination of Untreated Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma: Durable Objective Remissions and Association of Superior Outcome with Cellular Immune Responses

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.235.235 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 235-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcelo A. Navarrete ◽

Kristina Heining-Mikesch ◽

Cristina Bertinetti-Lapatki ◽

Marcus Duehren-von Minden ◽

Andrea Hafkemeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

Abstract Idiotype vaccination refers to active immunization of B-cell lymphoma (B-NHL) patients with the clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) expressed by the tumor cells. After systemic cytoreductive therapy, idiotype vaccination has been shown to induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses; and humoral responses in particular are associated with prolonged remission and encouraging survival rates. Conventional idiotype vaccines are composed of the entire lymphoma-derived Ig coupled to the immunogenic carrier KLH and are administered subcutaneously with adjuvant. We have developed a idiotype production strategy based on bacterial expression of the lymphoma-derived idiotype as a recombinant Fab fragment (Bertinetti et al., EJH 2006). Intradermal administration of this antigen with lipid-based adjuvant and subcutaneous coadministration of GM-CSF had excellent immunogenicity in a phase I trial of advanced, heavily pretreated B-NHL patients (Bertinetti et al., Cancer Research 2006). In a subsequent phase II trial, 20 patients with untreated indolent B-NHL (14 follicular [FL], 3 nodal marginal zone [nMZL], 3 mantle cell [MCL]) and without immediate need for cytoreduction received at least 6 monthly idiotype vaccinations. No grade IV toxicities were seen, and the sole case of grade III toxicity, generalized erythema, did not preclude completion of the vaccination schedule. Prior to vaccination, 5/19 patients (26%) had decreased CD4+ and 6/19 patients (31%) low CD8+ T cells counts. Furthermore, 10/12 anti-HbS-negative patients (83%) failed to mount a detectable immune response to a conventional hepatitis B vaccine administered concomitantly to idiotype vaccination. Despite this functional immunodeficiency, 12/18 analyzed patients (66%) developed a cellular immune response to idiotype as detected by enumeration of IFNgamma-secreting cells by DC-ELISpot. The ELISpot protocol was validated by blinded interlaboratory testing (www.cimt.de). The frequency of idiotype-responding T cells increased from the 2nd to the 6th vaccination and could be effectively boostered by maintenance immunization in 3-monthly intervals. In vitro stimulation of PBMC from responding patients with idiotype induced specific proliferation of CD4+ T-cells and a shift towards a Th1 response in post-vaccination samples. In addition, 8/18 analyzed patients (44%) developed anti-idiotype IgG or IgM antibodies as assessed by ELISA, and the combined immune response rate was 85%. After a median follow-up of 34 months, 8 patients (40%) are progression-free, and 10 (50%) did not require cytoreductive therapy. Cellular immune responses were associated with superior PFS (p<0.05), and 5 of 6 non-responders eventually required cytoreductive therapy. Humoral immune responses were not related to PFS. Six patients (30%; only FL or nMZL) achieved an objective partial remission, including near-complete disappearance of a large submandibular mass and one subcutaneous lymphoma mass. All objective responders developed specific cellular immunity, but only 4 anti-idiotype antibodies. Five patients are in continuing remission for 12–49 months. Intradermal immunization with the chosen idiotype formulation has excellent immunogenicity despite a severely impaired immune function in untreated B-NHL patients. Furthermore, this is the first active immunotherapy trial showing objective and durable lymphoma responses in first-line therapy at a higher rate than expected for spontaneous remissions. In this setting, and in contrast to conventional idiotype vaccination schedules, cellular anti-idiotype immunity may play a crucial role for a favorable clinical outcome. Since passive humoral anti-lymphoma immunity can be easily transferred by infusions of commercially available monoclonal antibodies, synergistic benefit may be envisioned for an initial vaccination course aimed to prime anti-idiotype T-cells combined with subsequent passive immunotherapy.

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mRNA vaccination in people over 80 years of age induces strong humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with cross neutralization of P.1 Brazilian variant

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.69375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Helen Parry ◽

Gokhan Tut ◽

Rachel Bruton ◽

Sian Faustini ◽

Christine Stephens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Vaccine Platform ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Vaccine Responses ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

Age is the major risk factor for mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and older people have received priority consideration for COVID-19 vaccination. However, vaccine responses are often suboptimal in this age group and few people over the age of 80 years were included in vaccine registration trials. We determined the serological and cellular response to spike protein in 100 people aged 80–96 years at 2 weeks after the second vaccination with the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Antibody responses were seen in every donor with high titers in 98%. Spike-specific cellular immune responses were detectable in only 63% and correlated with humoral response. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased antibody responses after one vaccine and antibody and cellular responses remained 28-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, after dual vaccination. Post-vaccine sera mediated strong neutralization of live Victoria infection and although neutralization titers were reduced 14-fold against the P.1 variant first discovered in Brazil they remained largely effective. These data demonstrate that the mRNA vaccine platform delivers strong humoral immunity in people up to 96 years of age and retains broad efficacy against the P.1 variant of concern.

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Simulation Model for Dynamics of Dengue with Innate and Humoral Immune Responses

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8798057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. D. Perera ◽

S. S. N. Perera

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Severe Dengue ◽

Viral Kinetics ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Kinetics Of

Dengue virus is a mosquito borne Flavivirus and the most prevalent arbovirus in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The incidence of dengue has increased drastically over the last few years at an alarming rate. The clinical manifestation of dengue ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe dengue. Even though the viral kinetics of dengue infection is lacking, innate immune response and humoral immune response are thought to play a major role in controlling the virus count. Here, we developed a computer simulation mathematical model including both innate and adaptive immune responses to study the within-host dynamics of dengue virus infection. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify key parameters that would contribute towards severe dengue. A detailed stability analysis was carried out to identify relevant range of parameters that contributes to different outcomes of the infection. This study provides a qualitative understanding of the biological factors that can explain the viral kinetics during a dengue infection.

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Mathematical modeling and analysis of innate and humoral immune responses to dengue infections

International Journal of Biomathematics ◽

10.1142/s1793524519500773 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (07) ◽

pp. 1950077 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sulanie Perera ◽

S. S. N. Perera

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Innate Immunity ◽

Steady State ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Virus Dynamics ◽

Quasi Steady State ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses

Dengue is an acute arthropode-borne virus, belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments available against dengue. Thus it is important to understand the dynamics of dengue in order to control the infection. In this paper, we study the long-term dynamics of the model that is presented in [S. D. Perera and S. S. N. Perera, Simulation model for dynamics of dengue with innate and humoral immune responses, Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2018 (2018) 8798057, 18 pp. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8798057 ] which describes the interaction of virus with infected and uninfected cells in the presence of innate and humoral immune responses. It was found the model has three equilibria, namely: infection free equilibrium, no immune equilibrium and endemic equilibrium, then analyzed its stability analytically. The analytical findings of each model have been exemplified by numerical simulations. Given the fact that intensity of dengue virus replication at early times of infection could determine clinical outcomes, it is important to understand the impact of innate immunity, which is believed to be the first line of defense against an invading pathogen. For this we carry out a simulation case study to investigate the importance of innate immune response on dengue virus dynamics. A comparison was done assuming that innate immunity was active; innate immunity was in quasi-steady state and innate immunity was inactive during the virus replication process. By a further analysis of the qualitative behavior of the quasi-steady state, it was observed that innate immune response plays a pivotal role in dengue virus dynamics. It can change the dynamical behavior of the system and is essential for the virus clearance.

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Pathological changes inducing by S.aureus in immunodeficiency mice immunized with Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences ◽

10.29079/vol12iss1art233 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

H. H. K. AL-Byattee

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

Positive Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Sterile Normal Saline ◽

Cellular Immune

In order to determine the influence of Soluble Culture Filtrate S.aureus Antigens (SCFAgs)on S.aureus infection in Mitomicin c immunosupression mice, seventy four white mice, both sex,7-8 weeks age were divided randomly into five groups.1st group(n=16 ) was immunized with 0.4ml of S.aureus CFSAgs (concentration of protein( 4.2mg/ml) ,i/p two doses, 2 weeks intervals. 2nd group(n=16) was injected with mitomycine C ,(1mg/kg B.W) I/p three time /week for 4 weeks. 3ed group (n=16) was immunized with CFSAgs as 1st group and treated with mitomycin as 2nd group. 4th group(n=10) was inoculated with (0.4ml) I/P with1X109 CFU/ML of viable virulent. S.aureus and was served as control positive group. 5th group (n=16) was inoculated with 0.5ml sterile normal saline. Cellular and humoral immune response were recorded at 28-30 day post immunization, skin test and passive heam agglutination test respectively, then all animals of immunized and treatment groups were challenge with S,aureus as control positive group. The results explained that animals treatment with MMC were died during (18) hrs post inoculation with virulent viable S.aureus with very heavy bacterial isolation, animal of control positive group were died at( 24)hrs post infection with heavy bacterial isolation The results revealed that immunization with CFSAgs elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses, the level values of both arms of immune response were lower animal treatment with MMC, Severe pathological lesions were seen in examined organs of control positive group but these lesions are more extensive in animal treatment with MMC. The main lesions in examined organs of these animals are suppurative inflammation ,congestion ,apoptosis and necrosis.. We conclusion that MMC induce immunosuppression condition and immunization with CFSAgs can improve the immune responses in the animals that are suffering from immunosuppression.

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Host JAK/Stat activity is a target of endoparasitoid wasp virulence strategies

10.1101/423335 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susanna E. Brantley ◽

Nathan T. Mortimer ◽

Todd A. Schlenke

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Fat Body ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Wasp Species ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Stat Signaling ◽

Cellular Immune

AbstractInnate immune responses depend on the action of multiple conserved signaling pathways. Pathways important for activation of humoral immune responses following microbial infection are well-characterized in the genetic model species Drosophila melanogaster, but our understanding of fly cellular immunity, and how parasites suppress it, is relatively fragmentary. Fly larvae mount a coordinated cellular immune response following infection by endoparasitoid wasps, characterized by the production of specialized blood cells called lamellocytes that form a tight capsule around wasp eggs in their hemolymph. The conserved JAK/Stat signaling pathway has been implicated in lamellocyte proliferation and is required for successful encapsulation of wasp eggs. Here we show that activity of Stat92E, the D. melanogaster Stat ortholog, is induced in the fat body and hemocytes following wasp infection. Virulent wasp species are able to suppress activation of a Stat92E activity reporter during infection, suggesting they target upstream activation of this pathway as part of their virulence strategies. Furthermore, two wasp species (Leptopilina guineaensis and Ganaspis xanthopoda) suppress phenotypes associated with gain-of-function mutations in hopscotch, the D. melanogaster JAK ortholog, showing that they inhibit JAK/Stat activity downstream of JAK. Our data demonstrate that endoparasitoid wasp virulence factors block JAK/Stat signaling to overcome fly immune defenses.

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FEATURES OF BACTERIAL IMMUNOMODULATORS INFLUENCE ON IMMUNOREGULATORY MECHANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja541 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

A V Sobolev ◽

O V Aak

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Cytokine Balance ◽

Respiratory Allergies ◽

Immunoregulatory Mechanisms

Recovering from bacterial infections in the first years of life reduces further risk of allergic diseases. Effects of bacterial immunomodulator Broncho Vaxom on immune system to certain extent repeats the immune response that occurs during penetration of the pathogen in the body. Bacterial antigens orchestrate cellular and humoral immune responses, stimulate innate immunity, normalize cytokine balance, and are promising in the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases.

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