scholarly journals Oral Immunization of Larvae and Juvenile of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) against Vibrio anguillarum Does Not Influence Systemic Immunity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
My Dang ◽  
Trung Cao ◽  
Ignacio Vasquez ◽  
Ahmed Hossain ◽  
Hajarooba Gnanagobal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Cyclopterus Lumpus

Vibrio anguillarum, a marine bacterial pathogen that causes vibriosis, is a recurrent pathogen of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture in the North Atlantic region because of its ability to visualize and prey on the ectoparasite sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on the skin of Atlantic salmon, and its performance in cold environments. Lumpfish immunity is critical for optimal performance and sea lice removal. Oral vaccine delivery at a young age is the desired method for fish immunization because is easy to use, reduces fish stress during immunization, and can be applied on a large scale while the fish are at a young age. However, the efficacy of orally delivered inactivated vaccines is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a V. anguillarum bacterin orally delivered to cultured lumpfish and contrasted it to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) boost delivery. We bio-encapsulated V. anguillarum bacterin in Artemia salina live-feed and orally immunized lumpfish larvae. Vaccine intake and immune response were evaluated by microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, respectively. qPCR analyses showed that the oral immunization of lumpfish larvae resulted in a subtle stimulation of canonical immune transcripts such as il8b, il10, igha, ighmc, ighb, ccl19, ccl20, cd8a, cd74, ifng, and lgp2. Nine months after oral immunization, one group was orally boosted, and a second group was both orally and i.p. boosted. Two months after boost immunization, lumpfish were challenged with V. anguillarum (7.8 × 105 CFU dose−1). Orally boosted fish showed a relative percentage of survival (RPS) of 2%. In contrast, the oral and i.p. boosted group showed a RPS of 75.5% (p < 0.0001). V. anguillarum bacterin that had been orally delivered was not effective in lumpfish, which is in contrast to the i.p. delivered bacterin that protected the lumpfish against vibriosis. This suggests that orally administered V. anguillarum bacterin did not reach the deep lymphoid tissues, either in the larvae or juvenile fish, therefore oral immunization was not effective. Oral vaccines that are capable of crossing the epithelium and reach deep lymphoid tissues are required to confer an effective protection to lumpfish against V. anguillarum

scholarly journals Personality profiling may help select better cleaner fish for sea-lice control in salmon farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Alexander Whittaker ◽  
Sofia Consuegra ◽  
Carlos Garcia de Leaniz
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Cyclopterus Lumpus ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Practical Implications

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) are increasingly being used as cleaner fish to control parasitic sea lice in salmon farming, but cleaning rates are very variable and not all individuals eat sea lice, which increases the risk of emaciation and has ethical and practical implications. Selecting good cleaners is a priority to make the industry more sustainable, but there is little information on what behaviours make cleaner fish effective under a commercial setting. We examined variation in lumpfish personalities according to the five factor personality model that takes into account differences in activity, anxiety (shelter use, thigmotaxis), aggression, sociality, and boldness (neophobia). We then quantified how variation in lumpfish personalities influenced interactions with naive Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), without the confounding effects of variation in sea lice loads. Variation in activity, sociality, aggression and neophobia, but not in anxiety, was repeatable, which is consistent with a heritable basis. Neophilic, non aggressive lumpfish spent more time inspecting salmon than neophobic and aggressive individuals, but salmon fled in the presence of the most active and social individuals, suggesting there may be an optimal cleaner fish personality amenable to artificial selection. The personality screening protocols developed in this study could inform a more efficient use of cleaner fish in salmon farming and reduce the number of individuals required to control sea lice

Full recombinant flagellin B from Vibrio anguillarum (rFLA) and its recombinant D1 domain (rND1) promote a pro-inflammatory state and improve vaccination against P. salmonis in Atlantic salmon (S. salar)

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 103988
Author(s):  
Roxana González-Stegmaier ◽  
Andrea Peña ◽  
Franz Villarroel-Espíndola ◽  
Patricia Aguila ◽  
Cristian Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Inflammatory State

scholarly journals Genome-scale comparative analysis for host resistance against sea lice between Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cáceres ◽  
Agustín Barría ◽  
Kris A. Christensen ◽  
Liane N. Bassini ◽  
Katharina Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Specificity Protein

AbstractSea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) is an ectoparasite which causes major production losses in the salmon aquaculture industry worldwide. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are two of the most susceptible salmonid species to sea lice infestation. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify genomic regions associated with resistance to Caligus rogercresseyi in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout by performing single-step Genome-Wide Association studies (ssGWAS), and (2) identify candidate genes related to trait variation based on exploring orthologous genes within the associated regions across species. A total of 2626 Atlantic salmon and 2643 rainbow trout were challenged and genotyped with 50 K and 57 K SNP panels, respectively. We ran two independent ssGWAS for sea lice resistance on each species and identified 7 and 13 regions explaining more than 1% of the genetic variance for the trait, with the most important regions explaining 3% and 2.7% for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively. We identified genes associated with immune response, cytoskeleton function, and cell migration when focusing on important genomic regions for each species. Moreover, we found 15 common orthogroups which were present in more than one associated genomic region, within- or between-species; however, only one orthogroup showed a clear potential biological relevance in the response against sea lice. For instance, dual-specificity protein phosphatase 10-like (dusp10) and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 8 (dusp8) were found in genomic regions associated with lice density in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, respectively. Dusp10 and dusp8 are modulators of the MAPK pathway and might be involved in the differences of the inflammation response between lice resistant and susceptible fish from both species. Our results provide further knowledge on candidate genes related to sea lice resistance and may help establish better control for sea lice in fish populations.

Transcriptome immunomodulation of in-feed additives in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infested with sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 450-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Núñez-Acuña ◽  
Ana Teresa Gonçalves ◽  
Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz ◽  
Jorge Pino-Marambio ◽  
Simon Wadsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

scholarly journals Coinfection takes its toll: Sea lice override the protective effects of vaccination against a bacterial pathogen in Atlantic salmon

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Figueroa ◽  
Paulina Bustos ◽  
Débora Torrealba ◽  
Brian Dixon ◽  
Carlos Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Protective Effects

Unidirectional Natural Hybridization between Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic Salmon (S. salar) in Newfoundland

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1953-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin McGowan ◽  
William S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Sexually Mature

Protein electrophoresis and mitochondrial DNA analysis were used to detect the frequency and direction of natural hybridization between brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar) in nine Newfoundland rivers. In total, 37 hybrids were discovered in a sample of 792 juvenile fish for a regional frequency of 4.67%. Local frequencies ranged from 0.00 to 18.75% and were significantly heterogeneous. All of the hybrids sampled were produced from matings between female brown trout and male Atlantic salmon. Possible reasons for the breakdown of prereproductive isolating mechanisms between these species are considered. Reproductive characteristics of the populations involved appear to have a major influence on the dynamics of hybridization between these species in Newfoundland. It is proposed that an abundance of sexually mature Atlantic salmon parr in Newfoundland streams is responsible for both the frequency and direction of hybridization observed in this study.

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