scholarly journals Humoral Immune Response after the Third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in CD20 Depleted People with Multiple Sclerosis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Lutz Achtnichts ◽  
Barbara Jakopp ◽  
Michael Oberle ◽  
Krassen Nedeltchev ◽  
Christoph Andreas Fux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Anti Cd20

CD20 depletion is a risk factor for unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19 in people with MS (pwMS). Evidence suggests that protective IgG response to mRNA-based vaccines in B cell-depleted individuals is limited. We studied the seroconversion after the third mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in B cell-depleted pwMS with limited or no IgG response after the standard immunization. Sixteen pwMS treated with ocrelizumab or rituximab received a third homologous SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, either the Moderna mRNA-1273 or Pfizer-BioNTech’s BNT162b2 vaccine. We quantified the response of IgG antibodies against the spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 four weeks later. An antibody titer of 100 AU/mL or more was considered clinically relevant. The median time between the last infusion of the anti-CD20 treatment and the third vaccination was 22.9 weeks (range 15.1–31.3). After the third vaccination, one out of 16 patients showed an IgG titer deemed clinically relevant. Only the seroconverted patient had measurable B-cell counts at the time of the third vaccination. The development of a humoral immune response remains rare in pwMS on anti-CD20 therapy, even after third dose of the homologous SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. It remains to be determined whether T-cell responses can compensate for the lack of seroconversion and provide sufficient protection against CoV-2 infections.

scholarly journals Antigen-Specific B-Cell Responses to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad Mulupuri ◽  
Jeffrey J. Zimmerman ◽  
Joseph Hermann ◽  
Craig R. Johnson ◽  
Jean Paul Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Cell Responses ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an acute, viremic infection of 4 to 6 weeks, followed by a persistent infection lasting for several months. We characterized antibody and B-cell responses to viral proteins in acute and persistent infection to better understand the immunological basis of the prolonged infection. The humoral immune response to PRRSV was robust overall and varied among individual viral proteins, with the important exception of a delayed and relatively weak response to envelope glycoprotein 5 (GP5). Memory B cells were in secondary lymphoid organs, not in bone marrow or Peyer's patches, in contrast to the case for many mammalian species. Potent anti-PRRSV memory responses were elicited to recall antigen in vitro, even though a second infection did not increase the B-cell response in vivo, suggesting that productive reinfection does not occur in vivo. Antibody titers to several viral proteins decline over time, even though abundant antigen is known to be present in lymphoid tissues, possibly indicating ineffective antigen presentation. The appearance of antibodies to GP5 is delayed relative to the resolution of viremia, suggesting that anti-GP5 antibodies are not crucial for resolving viremia. Lastly, viral infection had no immunosuppressive effect on the humoral response to a second, unrelated antigen. Taking these data together, the active effector and memory B-cell responses to PRRSV are robust, and over time the humoral immune response to PRRSV is effective. However, the delayed response against GP5 early in infection may contribute to the prolonged acute infection and the establishment of persistence.

scholarly journals Humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS CoV-2 vaccination in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis and NMOSD patients receiving immunomodulatory treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Bock ◽  
Thomas Juretzek ◽  
Robert Handreka ◽  
Johanna Ruhnau ◽  
Karl Reuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background: Vaccination against SARS CoV-2 results in excellent personal protection against a severe course of COVID19. In persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) vaccination efficacy may be reduced by immunomodulatory medications. Objective: To assess the vaccination induced cellular and humoral immune response in PwMS receiving disease modifiying therapies. Methods: In a monocentric observational study on PwMS and patients with Neuromyelitis optica we quantified the cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS CoV-2. Results: PwMS receiving Glatirameracetate, Interferon-beta, Dimethylfumarate, Cladribine or Natalalizumab had intact humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination against SARS CoV-2. B-cell depleting therapies reduced B-cell responses but did not affect T cell responses. S1P inhibitors strongly reduced humoral and cellular immune responses. There was a good agreement between the Interferon gamma release assay and the T-SPOT assay used to measure viral antigen induced T-cell responses. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that S1P inhibitors impair the cellular and humoral immune response in SARS CoV-2 vaccination, whereas patients receiving B-cell depleting therapies mount an intact cellular immune response. These data can support clinicians in counselling their PwMS and NMOSD patients during the COVID 19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response and lymphocyte levels after complete vaccination against COVID-19 in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117957352110601
Author(s):  
Christoph Grothe ◽  
Falk Steffen ◽  
Stefan Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving immunomodulatory drugs were excluded from clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, data regarding the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines to induce humoral immunity in MS patients treated with B- and T-cell depleting agents is urgently warranted. Cladribine tablets are a high-efficacy disease-modifying treatment that exerts its therapeutic effect via sustained but transient lymphocyte depletion. Aim We report humoral responses in a German cohort of MS patients treated with cladribine tablets. Methods This retrospective analysis included patients ≥18 years who were treated with cladribine tablets for relapsing MS in the first or second year and were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Two weeks after the second vaccination at the earliest, blood samples were obtained for the assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, lymphocyte counts, B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, and CD8+ T-cells. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified with the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay. Positivity was defined at a cutoff value of 33.8 BAU/mL. Results In total, 38 patients (73.7% female, aged 23–66 years) were included in the analysis. Ten patients (26.3%) were treatment-naïve before initiating treatment with cladribine tablets. Most patients (84.2%) received mRNA vaccines. The time between the last dose of cladribine tablets and vaccination ranged between 2 and 96 weeks. Six patients (15.8%) were vaccinated within 4 weeks of their last cladribine dose. All patients achieved positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels. Humoral immune response was independent of age, time of vaccination in relation to the last cladribine dose, lymphocyte counts as well as B- and T-cell counts. Conclusions Treatment with cladribine tablets did not impair humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination. Time since last cladribine dose, age, prior therapy, lymphocyte count as well as B- and T-cell counts had no effect on seropositivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.

scholarly journals Plasmodium vivax Cell-Traversal Protein for Ookinetes and Sporozoites: Naturally Acquired Humoral Immune Response and B-Cell Epitope Mapping in Brazilian Amazon Inhabitants

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva ◽  
Isabela Ferreira Soares ◽  
Cesar Lopez-Camacho ◽  
João Hermínio Martins da Silva ◽  
Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Cell Epitope

scholarly journals Babesia bovis RON2 contains conserved B-cell epitopes that induce an invasion-blocking humoral immune response in immunized cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Hidalgo-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos E. Suarez ◽  
Miguel A. Mercado-Uriostegui ◽  
Ruben Hernandez-Ortiz ◽  
Juan Alberto Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Humoral Immune

B Cell-Related Chemokine (CXCL13) in CSF is Correlated with the Intrathecal Humoral Immune Response in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 101569
Author(s):  
Sawsan Feki ◽  
Mariem Dammak ◽  
Sabrina Mejdoub ◽  
Saba Gargouri ◽  
Salma Sakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune

Vav-2 signalling participates in the humoral immune response and B cell maturation

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. A129-A129
Author(s):  
G. Doody ◽  
S. Bell ◽  
E. Vigorito ◽  
E. Clayton ◽  
S. McAdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Cell Maturation

A New Vaccine Paradigm To Break Tolerance with Potential Applications for the Immunotherapy of B Cell Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1411
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Taylor ◽  
Emily C. Whipple ◽  
Margaret A. Lindorfer ◽  
Andrew H. Ditto ◽  
Ryan S. Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Mouse Igg2a

Abstract Complement (C) plays a critical role in the immune response by opsonizing immune complexes (IC) and thymus-independent type 2 antigens with C3 breakdown product C3dg. We investigated the in vivo fate and handling in mice of anti-CR1/CR2 mAb 7G6. We used this rat IgG mAb as a surrogate for C3dg-opsonized IC; mAb 7G6 binds to CR1/CR2 with high affinity, blocks C3dg binding and saturates mouse B cell CR2 at inputs of only 2 ug. RIA, flow cytometry, and fluorescence immunohistochemistry were used to examine the disposition of 0.5–2 ug quantities of mAb 7G6 infused i.v. in mice. The mAb binds to circulating B cells and in the spleen binds preferentially to marginal zone (MZ) B cells. However, within 24 h MZ B cells relocate and transfer the mAb to regions rich in follicular dendritic cells (FDC). Localization of intact antigen to FDC should induce a substantial immune response, and therefore we immunized mice and monkeys i.v. with low doses (1–20 ug/kg) of prototype antigens constructed with anti-CR1/2 mAb 7G6 or anti-CR2 mAb HB135, respectively. We observed a strong immune response characterized by early development of IgG antibodies and long-lasting immunity extending out to at least one year. We applied our immunization paradigm to mouse IgG idiotypes, based on i.v. infusion of mouse IgG2a mAbs which were cross-linked with mAb 7G6. The purpose of these experiments was to determine if tolerance can be broken in order to develop a more powerful vaccine strategy to induce a cytotoxic humoral immune response to malignant B cells based on targeting the idiotype of immunoglobulin molecules expressed on their surfaces. I.V. immunization with the constructs indeed generated a mouse IgG1 immune response to two different mouse IgG2a mAbs, as demonstrated by ELISA. The immune response was idiotype specific, but some anti-isotype antibodies were also detected. Moreover, sera from immunized mice immunoprecipitated the specific radiolabeled mouse mAbs in the presence of 7.5% polyethylene glycol. This humoral immune response was also demonstrable in flow cytometry assays in which IgG1 in sera of immunized mice bound to erythrocytes opsonized with bispecific mAb constructs consisting of the IgG2a mAb crosslinked with an anti-CR1 mAb. The present approach, based on coupling the targeted immunoglobulin to an anti-CR2 mAb for delivery to FDC, may lead to a more effective immunotherapeutic vaccine compared to methods currently in clinical trials which require use of glutaraldehyde to effect crosslinking of the targeted immunoglobulin to KLH.

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